Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft

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Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft
Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft
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Contents_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Systems-of-Large-Transport-
Contents
Preface_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Systems-of-Large-Transport-A
Preface
Introductio_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Systems-of-Large-Transpo
Introduction
Chapter-1---Introd_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Systems-of-Large-
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Current situation and development trend of flight control system test verification technologies
1.2.1 Development of the verification test
1.2.2 Current development of flight control system test verification technologies
1.2.3 Development trends of the verification test
1.3 Features and evaluation management of a flight control system verification test
1.3.1 Basic features of a verification test
1.3.2 Functions of a verification test
1.3.3 Principles for verification test design
1.3.4 Technical management of a verification test
1.4 Requirements definition of flight control system verification
1.4.1 Requirements definition
1.4.2 Requirements verification and assignment
1.4.3 Coverage and traceability
1.4.4 Requirements management tools
1.4.5 System verification supports aircraft-level verification
1.5 Engineering practice of the flight control system test verification
1.6 Flight control system test verification
1.6.1 Introduction to the background aircraft flight control system
1.6.2 Content of a verification test
1.6.2.1 Validation of users’ requirements
1.6.2.2 Validation in the definition stage
1.6.2.3 Verification test in the design and implementation stage
1.6.2.4 Integration and test verification
1.6.2.5 Onboard ground test and flight test
1.6.3 Procedures of a verification test
Chapter-2---Unit-test-of-the-f_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Syste
2 Unit test of the flight control system
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 Basic process of unit development
2.1.2 Categories of unit tests
2.1.3 Basic principles for the selection of test items
2.1.4 Classification of the flight control system unit
2.1.5 Basis and requirements for the preparation of the unit test outline
2.2 Basic functional/performance test
2.2.1 General requirements of test
2.2.2 Control and display unit
2.2.2.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.2.2.2 Test items and test methods
2.2.2.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.3 Computer unit
2.2.3.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.2.3.2 Test items and test methods
2.2.3.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.4 Manipulator unit
2.2.4.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.2.4.2 Test items and test methods
2.2.4.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.5 Mechanical drive unit
2.2.5.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.2.5.2 Test items and test methods
2.2.5.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.6 Mechanical transmission unit
2.2.6.1 Spring load mechanism
2.2.6.2 Cable tension compensator
2.2.6.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.6.4 Ball screw actuator
2.2.6.5 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.7 Mechanical actuating unit
2.2.7.1 Hydraulic actuator
2.2.7.2 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.7.3 Electromechanical actuator
2.2.7.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.8 Sensor unit
2.2.8.1 Pilot instruction displacement sensor
2.2.8.2 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.8.3 Pilot directive power sensor
2.2.8.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.2.8.5 Aircraft motion sensor
2.2.8.6 Control surface motion sensor
2.2.8.7 Atmospheric data sensor
2.2.8.8 Sensor for other purposes
2.3 Strength and stiffness test
2.3.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.3.2 Test items and test methods
2.3.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.4 Power characteristic test
2.4.1 Test items and reduction principles
2.4.2 Test objectives and test requirements
2.4.3 Test items and test methods
2.4.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.4.5 Test example: Power characteristic test of flight control computer
2.4.5.1 Test requirements
2.4.5.2 Test requirements
2.4.5.3 Test items and test methods
2.5 Dielectric strength test
2.5.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.5.2 Test items and test methods
2.5.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.6 Mechanical environment test
2.6.1 Acceleration test
2.6.1.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.6.1.2 Test items and test methods
2.6.1.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.6.2 Vibration test
2.6.2.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.6.2.2 Test items and test methods
2.6.2.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.6.3 Noise test
2.6.3.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.6.3.2 Test items and test methods
2.6.3.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.6.4 Shock test
2.6.4.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.6.4.2 Test items and test methods
2.6.4.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7 Natural environment test
2.7.1 Low pressure (altitude) test
2.7.1.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.1.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.1.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.1.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.1.5 Test cases
2.7.2 High temperature test
2.7.2.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.2.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.2.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.2.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.2.5 Test example
2.7.3 Low temperature test
2.7.3.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.3.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.3.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.3.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.3.5 Test example
2.7.4 Temperature shock test
2.7.4.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.4.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.4.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.4.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.4.5 Test example
2.7.5 Temperature–altitude test
2.7.5.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.5.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.5.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.5.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.5.5 Test example
2.7.6 Temperature–humidity–altitude test
2.7.6.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.6.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.6.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.6.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.7 Single event test
2.7.7.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.7.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.7.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.7.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.8 Solar radiation test
2.7.8.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.8.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.8.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.8.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.9 Rain test
2.7.9.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.9.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.9.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.9.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.9.5 Test example
2.7.10 Icing test
2.7.10.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.10.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.10.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.10.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.10.5 Test example
2.7.11 Damp heat test
2.7.11.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.11.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.11.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.11.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.11.5 Test example
2.7.12 Mold test
2.7.12.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.12.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.12.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.12.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.13 Salt spray test
2.7.13.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.13.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.13.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.13.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.13.5 Test example
2.7.14 Sand and dust test
2.7.14.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.7.14.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.7.14.3 Test items and test methods
2.7.14.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.7.14.5 Test example
2.8 Electromagnetic environment protection test
2.8.1 Electromagnetic emission and susceptibility test
2.8.1.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.8.1.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.8.1.3 Test items and test methods
2.8.1.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.8.2 Lightning direct effect test
2.8.2.1 Test equipment and test requirements
2.8.2.2 Test items and test methods
2.8.2.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.8.3 Lightning-induced transient susceptibility test
2.8.3.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.8.3.2 Test items and test methods
2.8.3.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.8.4 High-intensity radiated field protection test
2.8.4.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.8.4.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.8.4.3 Test items and test methods
2.8.4.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.8.5 Electrostatic discharge protection test
2.8.5.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.8.5.2 Test items and test methods
2.8.5.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.9 Reliability test
2.9.1 Environmental stress screening test
2.9.1.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.9.1.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.9.1.3 Test items and test methods
2.9.1.4 Test results handling and judgment
2.9.2 Reliability preexposure test
2.9.2.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.9.2.2 Test equipment and environmental requirements
2.9.2.3 Test items and test methods
2.9.2.4 Judging criteria and results handling
2.9.3 Reliability growth test
2.9.3.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.9.3.2 Test requirements, methods, and results judgment
2.9.4 Reliability qualification test
2.9.4.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.9.4.2 Test requirements, methods, and results judgment
2.9.5 Reliability acceptance test
2.9.5.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.9.5.2 Test requirements, methods, and results judgment
2.10 Endurance test
2.10.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.10.2 Test items and test methods
2.10.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.11 Testability test
2.11.1 Test objectives and test requirements
2.11.2 Test items and test methods
2.11.3 Judging criteria and results handling
2.12 Test piece selection and test sequence of the unit qualification test
2.13 Organization and implementation of the unit qualification test
References
Chapter-3---Verification-and-validatio_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Contr
3 Verification and validation of flight control system airborne software
3.1 Overview
3.1.1 Purpose and significance of verification and validation
3.1.2 Basic requirements of verification and validation
3.1.2.1 Software review
3.1.2.2 Software analysis
3.1.2.3 Software testing
3.1.3 Basic process of verification and validation
3.1.3.1 Verification and validation in system analysis and design stage
3.1.3.2 Verification and validation in software planning stage
3.1.3.3 Verification and validation in software requirements analysis stage
3.1.3.4 Verification and validation in software design stage
3.1.3.5 Verification and validation in software implementation stage
3.1.3.6 Verification and validation in software testing stage
3.2 Software testing
3.2.1 Unit testing
3.2.1.1 Testing plan
3.2.1.2 Testing methods
3.2.1.3 Testing specification
3.2.1.4 Testing results
3.2.2 Component testing
3.2.2.1 Testing plan
3.2.2.2 Testing methods
3.2.2.3 Testing specification
3.2.2.4 Testing results
3.2.3 Configuration item testing
3.2.3.1 Testing plan
3.2.3.2 Testing methods
3.2.3.3 Testing specification
3.2.3.4 Testing results
3.2.4 System testing
3.2.4.1 Testing plan
3.2.4.2 Testing methods
3.2.4.3 Testing specification
3.2.4.4 Testing results
3.3 Model-based flight control system airborne software development and testing methods
3.3.1 Overview of model-based development methods
3.3.2 SCADE model testing and verification features
3.3.3 SCADE software testing process
3.3.3.1 Testing strategy
3.3.3.2 Testing process
3.3.3.2.1 Open-loop simulation
3.3.3.2.2 Closed-loop simulation
3.3.3.3 SCADE model testing
3.3.3.3.1 Test environment
3.3.3.3.2 Test examples
3.3.3.3.3 Model coverage analysis
3.3.3.3.4 Code integration testing
3.3.3.3.5 Software and hardware integrated testing
3.4 Software whole life cycle support environment
3.4.1 Basic requirements of environment
3.4.2 Environment architecture
3.4.3 Environment composition and functions
3.4.3.1 Composition and functions of the public test system
3.4.3.2 Composition and functions of flight control test system
3.4.3.2.1 Test control computer of flight control system
3.4.3.2.2 Simulation excitation unit
3.4.3.2.3 Airborne computer and simulated target machine of the flight control system
3.4.3.2.4 Signal adapter unit
3.4.3.3 Functions and composition of software development and testing environment
3.4.3.3.1 Software development computer
3.4.3.3.2 Software process management system
3.4.3.3.3 Test data management computer
3.4.3.3.4 DIF equipment
3.4.3.3.5 Signal test board
3.4.4 Construction process of software whole life cycle support environment
3.4.4.1 Planning stage
3.4.4.2 Implementation stage
3.4.4.3 Environment evaluation stage
3.4.4.4 Use and maintenance stage
3.5 Software safety and reliability test
3.5.1 Safety and reliability
3.5.2 Safety analysis and testing
3.5.3 Reliability analysis and testing
Chapter-4---Flight-control-system-contr_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Cont
4 Flight control system control law and the flying quality evaluation test
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Design requirements for flying quality of large transport aircraft
4.1.2 Design requirements for flight control system control law of large transport aircraft
4.2 Stage division and objectives of the evaluation test
4.3 Design requirements for the engineering simulator
4.3.1 Composition
4.3.2 Main functions
4.3.3 Design requirements
4.3.3.1 Simulation requirements for aircraft and aircraft system
4.3.3.2 Requirements for engineer analysis and appraisal system
4.4 Test items and methods
4.4.1 Planning for test tasks
4.4.2 Selection of test state points
4.4.3 Test items
4.4.4 Test control action
4.4.5 Test task list
4.4.6 Preparation of test report
4.4.7 Test analysis report
4.5 Data collection, processing, and evaluation methods
4.5.1 Overview
4.5.2 Requirements for data collection
4.5.3 Requirements for data processing
4.5.4 Objective evaluation methods
4.5.5 Subjective evaluation methods
4.6 Management of control law and the flying quality evaluation test
4.6.1 Planning of test
4.6.2 Preparation for test
4.6.3 Control of test process
4.6.4 Summary of test
Chapter-5---Combined-test-of-the_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Sys
5 Combined test of the flight control subsystem
5.1 Overview
5.2 Combined test of the pilot control units
5.2.1 System introduction
5.2.1.1 Cockpit lateral control channel
5.2.1.2 Cockpit heading control channel
5.2.1.3 Cockpit longitudinal control channel
5.2.2 Test objectives
5.2.3 Test requirements
5.2.3.1 Requirements for the tested object
5.2.3.2 Environmental requirements for the combined test
5.2.3.3 General requirements for test equipment
5.2.4 Test items and methods
5.2.4.1 Performance test of the lateral control channel
5.2.4.2 Performance test of the heading control channel
5.2.4.3 Performance test of the longitudinal control channel
5.2.4.4 Durability test
5.2.5 Criteria for the assessment of test results
5.2.5.1 Performance test of the lateral control channel
5.2.5.2 Performance test of the heading control channel
5.2.5.3 Performance test of the longitudinal control channel
5.2.5.4 Durability test
5.3 Combined test of the fly-by-wire flight control system
5.3.1 System introduction
5.3.2 Test objective
5.3.3 Test requirements
5.3.3.1 Requirements for the tested object
5.3.3.2 Environmental requirements for the combined test
5.3.3.3 General requirements for test equipment
5.3.4 Test items and test methods
5.3.4.1 Interface inspection
5.3.4.2 Actuator system test
5.3.4.3 BIT detection test
5.3.4.4 Redundancy management test
5.3.4.5 Control logic check
5.3.4.6 Modal conversion test
5.3.4.7 Polarity and transmission ratio inspection
5.3.4.8 Time-domain response test
5.3.4.9 Stability test
5.3.4.10 Closed-loop frequency response test
5.3.4.11 Fault simulation and alarm display test
5.3.4.12 Durability test
5.3.5 Test results and judging criteria
5.3.5.1 Results of the open-loop test and judgment
5.3.5.2 Results of the time-domain and closed-loop characteristic test and judgment
5.3.5.3 Results of the stability margin test and judgment
5.3.5.4 Results of the durability test and judgment
5.4 Combined test of the high-lift system
5.4.1 System introduction
5.4.2 Test objective
5.4.3 Test requirements
5.4.3.1 Requirements for the tested object
5.4.3.2 Environmental requirements for the combined test
5.4.3.3 Requirements for the tester
5.4.3.4 Preparation for the test and precautions
5.4.3.5 Test requirements
5.4.4 Test items and methods
5.4.4.1 Polarity inspection
5.4.4.2 Control logic check
5.4.4.3 Brake logic check
5.4.4.4 Control test under normal mode
5.4.4.5 Control test under degraded mode
5.4.4.6 Backup mode retraction test
5.4.4.7 Slats tilt test
5.4.4.8 Flaps tilt test
5.4.4.9 Flaps (slats) asymmetry test
5.4.4.10 Unconventional control test of flaps and slats control handle
5.4.4.11 Fault test
5.4.4.12 Durability test
5.4.5 Test results and judging criteria
5.4.5.1 Polarity inspection
5.4.5.2 Control logic check
5.4.5.3 Brake logic check
5.4.5.4 Control test under normal mode
5.4.5.5 Control test under degraded mode
5.4.5.6 Backup mode retraction test
5.4.5.7 Slats tilt test
5.4.5.8 Flaps tilt test
5.4.5.9 Flaps and slats asymmetry test
5.4.5.10 Unconventional control test of flaps and slats control handle
5.4.5.11 Fault test
5.4.5.12 Durability test
5.5 Combined test of the automatic flight control system
5.5.1 System introduction
5.5.2 Test objectives
5.5.3 Test requirements
5.5.3.1 Requirements for tested objects
5.5.3.2 Environmental requirements for the combined test
5.5.3.3 General requirements for test equipment
5.5.3.4 Preparation for the test and precautions
5.5.4 Test items and methods
5.5.4.1 Functional test
5.5.4.2 Performance test
5.5.4.3 Fault simulation test
5.5.5 Test results and judging criteria
5.6 Combined test of the machinery control system
5.6.1 System introduction
5.6.2 Test objectives
5.6.3 Test requirements
5.6.3.1 Requirements for tested objects and tested system
5.6.3.2 Environmental requirements for the combined test
5.6.3.3 General requirements for test equipment
5.6.4 Test items and methods
5.6.4.1 Aileron machinery control system
5.6.4.2 Mechanical backup system of the horizontal stabilizer
5.6.5 Test results and judging criteria
Chapter-6----Iron-bird--integration_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-
6 “Iron bird” integration test of the flight control system
6.1 Overview
6.2 Test environment and test support equipment
6.2.1 “Iron bird” integrated test bed
6.2.2 Aircraft simulator cockpit
6.2.3 Vision system
6.2.4 Sound system
6.2.5 Sensor and test analysis system
6.2.6 Flight test interface
6.2.7 Flight simulation system
6.2.8 Flight control system tester
6.2.9 Avionics system exciter
6.2.10 Mechanical displacement signal generator
6.2.11 Ground hydraulic energy and ground power supply
6.2.11.1 Ground hydraulic energy
6.2.11.2 Ground power supply system
6.2.12 Comprehensive test management system
6.2.13 Aircraft motion sensor driver
6.2.13.1 Single-axis rate turntable
6.2.13.2 Linear acceleration turntable
6.2.13.3 Three-axis flight simulation turntable
6.2.13.4 Total (static) pressure simulator
6.3 Debugging and preparation for the flight control system “iron bird” integration test
6.3.1 Static adjustment and inspection of the flight control system
6.3.2 Debugging and technical status of the cross-linking system
6.3.3 Potential problems in the flight control system debugging process and cause analysis
6.4 “Iron bird” integration test of the cockpit control system
6.4.1 Overview
6.4.2 Test principle
6.4.3 Static evaluation of man–machine ergonomics of the cockpit control system
6.4.4 Static performance testing of the cockpit control system
6.4.5 Dynamic performance testing of the cockpit control system
6.5 “Iron bird” integration test of the machinery control system
6.5.1 Overview
6.5.2 Test principle
6.5.3 Evaluation of man–machine ergonomics of the machinery control system
6.5.4 Static performance testing of the machinery control system
6.5.5 Dynamic performance testing of the machinery control system
6.5.6 Fault mode verification of the machinery control system
6.5.7 Study on effects of mechanism support stiffness on system dynamic (static) performance
6.6 “Iron bird” integration test of the fly-by-wire flight control system
6.6.1 Overview
6.6.2 Basic status inspection and testing
6.6.3 Zero position and stroke inspection
6.6.4 Testing of servo actuator system
6.6.4.1 Main/standby conversion function inspection of actuator
6.6.4.2 Fault return function and performance inspection of actuator
6.6.4.3 Maximum output speed and displacement test methods and steps of actuator
6.6.4.4 Polarity and transmission ratio inspection
6.6.4.5 Time-domain characteristic test
6.6.4.6 Frequency characteristic test
6.6.5 Logic function inspection
6.6.5.1 Modal conversion function inspection
6.6.5.2 Lift destruction and drag increase function inspection
6.6.5.3 Flight boundary limit and protection function inspection
6.6.6 Built-in-test functional inspection and testing
6.6.7 Redundancy management function inspection
6.7 “Iron bird” integration test of the high-lift system
6.7.1 Overview
6.7.2 Test principle
6.7.3 Interface inspection
6.7.4 Control function and logic inspection
6.7.5 Modal conversion function inspection
6.7.6 Safety protection function inspection
6.7.7 Display and fault warning function test
6.7.8 Built-in-test and redundancy management function inspection
6.7.9 Failure effect test
6.8 “Iron bird” integration test of the automatic flight control system
6.8.1 Overview
6.8.2 Test principles
6.8.3 Interface inspection
6.8.4 Polarity and transmission ratio inspection
6.8.5 Control logic and display function inspection
6.8.5.1 Mode priority logic and display function inspection
6.8.5.2 Autopilot entry/exit logic and display function inspection
6.8.6 Control function and performance test
6.8.7 Built-in-test
6.8.7.1 Power-up built-in-test
6.8.7.2 Preflight built-in-test
6.8.7.3 In-flight built-in-test
6.8.7.4 Maintenance built-in-test
6.8.8 Failure effect test
6.9 “Iron bird” integration test of the flight control system
6.9.1 Overview
6.9.2 Test principles
6.9.3 Interface inspection
6.9.4 Polarity and transmission ratio inspection
6.9.4.1 Polarity and transmission ratio inspection under normal working mode
6.9.4.2 Polarity and transmission ratio inspection under simulated backup working mode
6.9.5 Stability margin test
6.9.6 Closed-loop frequency response test
6.9.7 Time-domain characteristic test
6.9.8 Boundary limit and protection function inspection
6.9.9 State and alarm display verification test
6.9.10 Failure effect test
6.10 “Iron bird” man–machine combined test
6.10.1 Overview
6.10.2 Test principle
6.10.3 Man–machine combined test of takeoff and landing and free flight
6.10.4 Man–machine combined test of mode conversion
6.10.5 Man–machine combined test of failure effect
6.10.6 Test task list
6.11 Test results evaluation of the flight control system “iron bird” integration test
6.11.1 Test results evaluation of the machinery control system
6.11.2 Test results evaluation of the fly-by-wire flight control system
6.11.2.1 Evaluation of zero position inspection results
6.11.2.2 Evaluation of polarity and stroke inspection results
6.11.2.3 Evaluation of display and warning function inspection results
6.11.2.4 Evaluation of frequency-domain characteristic test results
6.11.2.5 Evaluation of modal conversion test results
6.11.2.6 Evaluation of transmission ratio test results
6.11.2.7 Evaluation of stability margin test results
6.11.3 Results evaluation of the man–machine combined test
6.12 Management of the flight control system “iron bird” integration test
6.12.1 Test management requirements
6.12.2 Test measurement requirements
6.12.3 Test process
Chapter-7---Onboard-ground-test-o_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Sy
7 Onboard ground test of the flight control system
7.1 Overview
7.1.1 Installation and power-on inspection
7.1.2 Functional and performance test
7.1.3 Cross-linking performance inspection between the flight control system and other airborne systems
7.1.4 Structural mode coupling test
7.1.5 Electromagnetic compatibility test of the flight control system
7.2 Onboard ground test of the flight control system
7.2.1 Test principle
7.2.2 Debugging and preparation before test
7.2.3 Test items, test methods, and judging criteria
7.2.3.1 Interface inspection
7.2.3.1.1 Objectives and requirements
7.2.3.1.2 Content and methods
7.2.3.1.3 Judging criteria
7.2.3.2 Dynamic (static) performance test of fly-by-wire flight control system
7.2.3.2.1 Dynamic (static) performance test of actuator system
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.2 Modal conversion function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.3 Trim function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.4 Safety protection function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.5 BIT function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.6 Inspection of state and warning display and recording correctness
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.7 Transmission ratio and polarity inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.8 Time-domain step performance test
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.9 Time-domain disturbance performance test
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.10 Open-loop stability margin test
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.2.11 Closed-loop frequency response performance test
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.3 Dynamic (static) performance test of the machinery control system
7.2.3.3.1 Static performance test of the machinery control system
1. Test objectives and requirements
2. Test content and methods
2. Judging criteria
7.2.3.3.2 Dynamic performance test of the machinery control system
1. Test objectives and requirements
2. Test content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.4 Onboard ground test of the high lift control system
7.2.3.4.1 Flaps (slats) normal control function and transmission ratio inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria for test
7.2.3.4.2 Modal conversion function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.4.3 Safety protection function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.4.4 BIT function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.4.5 State display and warning function inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.5 Onboard ground test of the automatic flight control system
7.2.3.5.1 BIT
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.5.2 Basic modal function (performance) inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.5.3 Modal conversion logic check
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.5.4 Redundancy management inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.5.5 Transmission ratio inspection
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.5.6 Stability margin test
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.5.7 State and alarm display test
1. Objectives and requirements
2. Content and methods
3. Judging criteria
7.2.3.6 Flight control system operation inspection under operation of engine
7.2.3.6.1 Objectives and requirements
7.2.3.6.2 Content and methods
7.2.3.6.3 Judging criteria
7.2.4 Organization and implementation of the onboard ground test of the flight control system
7.3 Structural mode coupling test
7.3.1 Test objectives
7.3.2 Test principle and methods
7.3.2.1 Frequency response test
7.3.2.2 Stability test of the flight control system under closed-loop pulse response and structural resonance
7.3.2.3 Resonance test
7.3.3 Implementation of the structural mode coupling test
7.3.3.1 Frequency response test
7.3.3.1.1 Test items and methods
Fly-by-wire control mode
Automatic control mode
7.3.3.1.2 Judging criteria
7.3.3.2 Closed-loop pulse margin test
7.3.3.2.1 Test items and methods
7.3.3.2.2 Judging criteria
7.3.3.3 Stability test of the flight control system under structural resonance
7.3.3.3.1 Test items and methods
7.3.3.3.2 Judging criteria
7.3.4 Organization and implementation of the structural mode coupling test
7.4 Electromagnetic compatibility test
7.4.1 Test items
7.4.2 Test methods
7.4.2.1 Qualitative electromagnetic compatibility test
7.4.2.2 Quantitative electromagnetic compatibility test
7.4.2.3 Airworthiness conformity verification test
7.4.3 Judging criteria
7.4.3.1 Qualitative electromagnetic compatibility test
7.4.3.2 Quantitative electromagnetic compatibility test
7.4.3.3 Airworthiness conformity verification test
7.4.4 Organization and implementation of the electromagnetic compatibility (E3) test
Chapter-8---Flight-test-of-the_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Syste
8 Flight test of the flight control system
8.1 Overview
8.1.1 Requirements and objectives of the flight test
8.1.2 Basis of the flight test
8.1.3 Objects of the flight test
8.1.4 Stages and content of the flight test
8.1.4.1 Preresearch flight test
8.1.4.2 Aircraft principle flight test
8.1.4.3 Aircraft type determination flight test
8.1.4.3.1 Maiden flight of aircraft
8.1.4.3.2 Adjusting the flight test
8.1.4.3.3 Design and type determination flight test of military aircraft
8.1.4.3.4 Conformity certification flight test of civil aircraft
8.1.5 Methods and requirements of the flight test
8.1.6 Ground support facilities
8.1.7 Organization and management of the flight test
8.1.8 Team training of the flight test
8.1.9 Flight test plan
8.2 Requirements for the flight test of the flight control system
8.2.1 Basis of preparation
8.2.2 Items and requirements of the flight test
8.2.3 Requirements of the monitoring system
8.2.4 Requirements of the testing system
8.3 Outline of the flight test of the flight control system
8.3.1 Categories of test outlines
8.3.2 Basis for preparation of the flight test outline
8.3.3 Selection of flight test items
8.3.4 Selection of flight test status
8.3.5 Examples of flight test items
8.3.5.1 Angle of attack protection function flight test
8.3.5.2 Longitudinal short-period response flight test
8.4 Test system of the flight test of the flight control system
8.5 Data acquisition, processing, and analysis of the flight test of the flight control system
8.6 Organization and implementation of the flight test of the flight control system
Further reading
Chapter-9---Airworthiness-verificati_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control
9 Airworthiness verification test of the flight control system
9.1 Overview
9.2 Airworthiness verification test certification requirements
9.2.1 Engineering verification test certification requirements
9.2.1.1 Preparation of test plan
9.2.1.2 Preparation of test procedure
9.2.1.3 Conformity inspection
9.2.1.4 Witness test
9.2.1.5 Preparation of test report
9.2.2 Flight verification test certification requirements
9.2.2.1 Applicant flight test
9.2.2.2 Certification flight test
9.2.3 Practices of airworthiness verification test of military aircraft
9.3 Technical requirements for the airworthiness verification test
9.3.1 Laboratory test
9.3.1.1 Functional test
9.3.1.2 Fault simulation test
9.3.1.3 Control load test
9.3.2 Onboard ground test
9.3.2.1 Onboard functional test of flight control system
9.3.2.2 Electromagnetic compatibility test of flight control system
9.3.2.3 Flight control system and structural mode coupling test
9.3.3 Flight test
9.3.3.1 Airworthiness clauses verification of the primary flight control system
9.3.3.2 Airworthiness clauses verification of the high lift control system
9.3.3.3 Airworthiness clauses verification of the automatic flight control system
9.3.4 Engineering simulator test
9.3.4.1 Classification and composition of simulator
9.3.4.2 Simulator test verification
9.3.4.3 Precautions for the simulator test
9.3.5 Unit qualification test
9.3.5.1 Overview
9.3.5.2 Environmental test standards for airborne equipment of military aircraft
9.3.5.3 Environmental test standards for airborne equipment of civil aircraft
9.3.5.4 Precautions for the qualification test
Chapter-10---Development-and-expectation_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Con
10 Development and expectations on test techniques of the flight control system
10.1 Role of aircraft conceptual design technology in promoting the flight control system test
10.2 Role of flight control system design technology in promoting test techniques
10.3 Role of test techniques in promoting the flight control system test
Index_2021_Test-Techniques-for-Flight-Control-Systems-of-Large-Transport-Air
Index