Terrorism And Transatlantic Relations: Threats And Challenges

Contents
Notes on Contributors
1 Introduction
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2 The Transatlantic Alliance and Terrorism: Aligning Responses and Cooperation to Threats and Challenges
Post-Caliphate ISIS: A Continuing International Terrorist Threat
ISIS’s Pioneering Use of Social Media
Al-Qaeda Über Alles
Conclusion
3 The Dynamics of Entangled Political Violence: From the Greensboro Massacre (1979) to the War on Terror (2001)
Terrorism During the Cold War
Terrorism in the Post-Cold War Era
The Struggle for Political Legitimacy
The Essence of the Nature of Terrorist Violence
4 The Rise of the Right: Terrorism in the U.S. and Europe
Right-Wing Terrorism in the Postwar Period
Reactionary Terrorism
Millenarian Terrorism
Right-Wing Terrorism and Transnationalism
Right-Wing Terrorism Today
What Is “New” About Today’s Right-Wing Terrorisms?
Conclusion
5 The Recalibration of Force in International Counterterrorism, 2010–2020
The Case of the United Kingdom
Reform of International Counterterrorism in 2010
The Challenge Posed by Islamic State to UK Counterterrorism
Balancing Clausewitz’s Trinity via Technological `Silver Bullets’
The Ongoing Problem of Projecting Other Forms of State Power to Enhance Governance
The Principle of Substitution: Using Proxies to Achieve UK Counterterrorism Objectives
Conclusion
6 Counterterrorism in Europe: Discord and Disorder
Methodology
European Exceptionalism
Transatlantic Convergence
Methodological Nationalism
Conclusion
7 Difficult or Impossible? U.S.–China Cooperation, Counterterrorism, and Peaceful Co-existence from 9/11 to the Biden Administration
The Deterioration of Relations with China under Obama and Trump
War Scares, Tension Over Xinjiang, and a Lack of Imagination to Co-Exist
The Biden Administration: Cooperation or Further Tension?
U.S.–Chinese Counterterrorism Cooperation After 9/11
Counterterrorism Cooperation with China: The Obama and Trump Years
Conclusion
8 It’s Getting Harder to Do: Countering Terrorist Use of the Internet
Internet Chat Rooms and Message Boards
Social Media Platforms
Cooperation with Law Enforcement
Lessons from the Saudi Airman Terrorist Attack in 2019 in Pensacola Florida
Internet Messaging Applications
The Paris Attacks of November 2015
Calls for IMAs to Provide Encrypted Messages to Law Enforcement
Exploiting Cybersecurity Weakness in IMAs
Anonymous Websites
Summary and Conclusion
9 Terrorist Exploitation Points in the International Financial System: Major Vulnerabilities in the Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism Framework. Avenues for Transatlantic Cooperation
Background on International Consensus on AML/CFT
Defining Terrorist Financing
Distinction from Money Laundering
Comparative Definitions of Terrorist Financing
Trade-based Money Laundering (“TBML”)
Recommendations on Transatlantic Cooperation to Combat TBML
Beneficial Ownership
Recommendations on Transatlantic Cooperation to Improve Transparency in Beneficial Ownership
Cryptocurrency
Opportunities for Criminal and Terrorist Abuse of Cryptocurrencies Are Real
U.S. Government Response to Cryptocurrency Risks
The FATF Response to the Challenges of Cryptocurrency
Recommendations for Transatlantic Cooperation Regarding Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrencies
Conclusions
10 Transatlantic “Torture Taxis” and the Problem of Legal Accountability: The Case of North Carolina
North Carolina’s Role in Post-9/11 US Torture
“Extraordinary Rendition”: A Global Gulag
RDI: Two Parallel Tracks for Rendition Aviation
State and County Officials’ Attitudes Toward Aero
The Challenges—The Legal Framework Prohibiting Torture and Extraordinary Rendition
International Legal Norms
Domestic Law
U.S. Courts and the State Secrets Privilege
Non-US Courts and Accountability Jurisdiction
Australia and the U.K Courts and Accountability Jurisdiction
Implications for the United States and the State Secrets Privilege
The NCCIT—A New Approach to Connecting the Local to the Global
Conclusion
11 Concluding Remarks
Index