Terrorism and Homeland Security

About the Author......Page 6
Brief Contents......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 20
Part 1: Terrorism in Historical and Social Contexts......Page 29
Learning Objectives......Page 31
The Difficulty with Definitions......Page 32
The Origins of Terrorism in Western History......Page 33
1848 and the Radical Democrats......Page 37
Terrorism and Revolution in Russia: 1881-1921......Page 46
Selective Terrorism and the Birth of the Irish Republic......Page 49
Objective Summary......Page 53
Critical Engagement: Definitions and the Future......Page 54
Key Terms......Page 55
Learning Objectives......Page 56
Terrorism as a Social Process: Two Frameworks......Page 57
Terrorism as a Religious Process: Anthropological and Sociological Approaches......Page 61
Terrorism as Practical Criminology......Page 64
Justifying Terrorism......Page 66
Classification Systems: Can the Terrorist Personality Be Profiled?......Page 68
Radicalization: Mixed Opinions......Page 71
Objective Summary......Page 80
Key Terms......Page 81
Learning Objectives......Page 82
Models of Terrorism......Page 83
Changing Dynamics and Structures......Page 89
Managing Terrorist Organizations......Page 95
Financing Modern Terrorism......Page 97
Networks and Systems......Page 100
The Political Economy of Terrorism......Page 105
Narcoterrorism......Page 108
Objective Summary......Page 110
Critical Engagement: Drug Economies and the Future - The Complication of Drug Violence in Mexico......Page 111
Key Terms......Page 113
Learning Objectives......Page 114
The Media and the Social Construction of Images......Page 115
News Frames and Presentations......Page 118
The Internet and Terrorism......Page 124
Issues in the Media......Page 126
The Contagion Effect......Page 130
Objective Summary......Page 134
Critical Engagement: Images, Control, and the Future......Page 135
Key Terms......Page 136
Learning Objectives......Page 137
The Tactics of Terrorism and Multiplying Force......Page 138
Gender and Terrorism......Page 140
Technology......Page 144
Nuclear Terrorism......Page 149
The Media as a Force Multiplier......Page 152
Economic Targeting and Transnational Attacks......Page 154
Suicide Attacks - Conflicting Opinions......Page 156
Objective Summary......Page 160
Critical Engagement: Gender and Security......Page 161
Key Terms......Page 162
Part 2: International Terrorism: National and Ethnic Movements......Page 163
Learning Objectives......Page 165
Ethnic and Nationalist Separatist Movements......Page 166
Modern Terrorism in Northern Ireland......Page 168
Negotiating a Peace Settlement in Ireland......Page 172
The Basque Nation and Liberty......Page 174
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam......Page 179
Chapter Take Aways......Page 184
Objective Summary......Page 185
Critical Engagement: Separatist Negotiations......Page 186
Key Terms......Page 187
Learning Objectives......Page 188
Post-World War II Anticolonial Terrorism......Page 189
The Russian Federation......Page 196
Turkey......Page 202
China's Problems in Xinjiang......Page 207
Endemic Ethnic Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 209
Objective Summary......Page 214
Key Terms......Page 216
Learning Objectives......Page 217
Defining the Middle East......Page 218
A Brief Introduction to Islam......Page 219
Militant Philosophy......Page 224
Synopsis of Traditional Middle Eastern Issues......Page 227
Iran......Page 235
Objective Summary......Page 240
Key Terms......Page 241
Learning Objectives......Page 242
PLO from the Six Day War to the al Aqsa Intifada......Page 243
Factionalism in Palestinian Terrorism......Page 247
Hezbollah: Local and International......Page 250
Hamas and the Rise of Sunni Religious Organizations......Page 259
Fatah Restructured - The al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades......Page 262
Controversial Counterterrorist Policies......Page 265
Objective Summary......Page 267
Critical Engagement: Elections and Security......Page 268
Key Terms......Page 269
Part 3: International Terrorism: Ideological and Religious Movements......Page 271
Learning Objectives......Page 273
Revolutionary Terrorism......Page 274
Would-Be Revolutionaries: FARC, the ELN, and the MeK......Page 282
Maoist Revolutionary Terrorism......Page 285
The Transformation of European Revolutionary Terrorism......Page 293
The Decline of Revolutionary Terrorism......Page 294
Death Squads and Counter Revolutionaries......Page 297
Objective Summary......Page 299
Critical Engagement: The Future of Public Policy and Actual Practice......Page 300
Key Terms......Page 301
Learning Objectives......Page 302
The Rise of Religious Terrorism and the Soviet-Afghan War......Page 303
Bin Laden, Zawahiri, and al Qaeda......Page 304
The Evolution of al Qaeda......Page 308
Al Qaeda's Operational Capabilities......Page 312
Al Qaeda's Franchises......Page 316
Al Qaeda's Political Theology......Page 322
Pakistan......Page 324
Other Networks in Asia......Page 328
Objective Summary......Page 331
Critical Engagement: Afghanistan and the Future......Page 332
Key Terms......Page 333
Part 4: Domestic Terrorism and Homeland Security......Page 335
Learning Objectives......Page 337
Understanding Domestic Terrorism......Page 338
Anti-Government Criminal Extremism......Page 341
Change on the Left......Page 350
Homegrown Violent Extremists......Page 351
Single-Issue Criminal Extremists......Page 353
Objective Summary......Page 358
Critical Engagement: Police Operations and the Future......Page 359
Key Terms......Page 360
Learning Objectives......Page 361
Defining Homeland Security......Page 362
Agencies Charged with Preventing and Interdicting Terrorism......Page 364
Building Intelligence Systems......Page 368
Issues in Homeland Security......Page 377
Perceived Weaknesses - 9/11 to the Present......Page 381
Intelligence Reform......Page 385
Objective Summary......Page 388
Critical Engagement: Intelligence Bureaucracies and the Future......Page 389
Key Terms......Page 390
Learning Objectives......Page 391
The Challenge of Bureaucracy......Page 392
Border Protection......Page 398
Infrastructure Protection......Page 402
Governmental Partnerships......Page 404
Bureaucratic Problems......Page 406
Bureaucratic Solutions......Page 408
Chapter Take Aways......Page 413
Critical Engagement: Bureaucratic Goal Displacement and Future Change......Page 414
Key Terms......Page 415
Learning Objectives......Page 416
The Security Conundrum......Page 417
Civil Liberties and Federal Power......Page 421
Terrorism and the Constitution......Page 426
Civil Liberties and Police Work......Page 432
Chapter Take Aways......Page 438
Critical Engagement: Detainees and the Future......Page 439
Key Terms......Page 440
Learning Objectives......Page 441
Security and the Changing Nature of Terrorism......Page 442
Future Tactics......Page 451
Law Enforcement and the Future......Page 455
Probable Strategic Directions......Page 459
Chapter Take Aways......Page 462
Objective Summary......Page 463
Critical Engagement: Emphasizing Antiterrorism and the Future......Page 464
Key Terms......Page 465
Glossary......Page 466
Work Cited......Page 480
Index......Page 517