Communication and Information Technology has been used to support older and disabled people for over thirty years and there have been many successes in this field. Until recently, research has largely concentrated on people with physical or sensory dysfunction; computer technology has been increasingly used to support cognitive activities in able bodied people but its use to support people with disabilities has not had much widespread recognition. Yet well-designed C and IT systems have great potential to enhance the quality of life and independence of people with cognitive dysfunction, by: enabling them to retain a higher level of independence and control over their lives, providing appropriate levels of monitoring and supervision of 'at risk' people, without violating privacy, keeping people intellectually and physically active, and providing communications methods to reduce social isolation. This special issue of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation recognises the potential of information technology to provide support for people with cognitive dysfunction, including the use of computers to provide traditional prostheses, albeit within the cognitive domain. The selection of papers in this issue shows that the help and support available can be far more than the 'artificial replacement of part of the body' (the literal definition of prosthesis) and can include techniques to provide lifestyle support for people who would not be thought of as requiring 'prosthetic support'.
Author(s): Peter Gregor
Year: 2004
Language: English
Pages: 260
BOOK COVER......Page 1
TITLE......Page 2
COPYRIGHT......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 4
INTRODUCTION......Page 6
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR COGNITIVE REHABILITATION: STATE OF THE ART......Page 9
COGNITIVE DISABILITIES AND THE HUMAN-TECHNOLOGY INTERFACE......Page 13
Compensation technologies for memory......Page 14
Compensation technologies for planning and problem solving......Page 20
Context-aware cognitive orthoses......Page 22
Compensation technologies for sensory processing......Page 25
Technologies for social and behavioural issues......Page 31
CONCLUSION......Page 33
REFERENCES......Page 37
TECHNOLOGICAL MEMORY AIDS FOR PEOPLE WITH MEMORY DEFICITS......Page 47
INTRODUCTION......Page 48
General features......Page 49
Storing and retrieving information......Page 50
Alarm features......Page 51
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION DEVICES......Page 53
Exercises and drills......Page 55
External aids......Page 56
Acquisition of domain-specific knowledge......Page 57
Vocational tasks......Page 58
THE APPLICATION OF MEMORY AIDS IN REHABILITATION SETTINGS......Page 59
General factors......Page 60
Specific factors......Page 61
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS......Page 62
REFERENCES......Page 64
INTRODUCTION......Page 69
TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY......Page 70
REHABILITATION MODELS UNDERPINNING THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY......Page 73
CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO SPECIFIC IMPAIRMENTS......Page 74
Environmental considerations......Page 76
Access to technology......Page 77
User requirements......Page 80
CONCLUSION......Page 82
REFERENCES......Page 83
INTRODUCTION......Page 85
MEMORY LOSS......Page 86
REVIEW OF CURRENT ELECTRONIC MEMORY AIDS......Page 87
Software limitations......Page 89
Hardware limitations......Page 91
POTENTIAL OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES......Page 92
CONCLUSION......Page 93
REFERENCES......Page 94
AN ELECTRONIC KNOT IN THE HANDKERCHIEF: “CONTENT FREE CUEING” AND THE MAINTENANCE OF ATTENTIVE CONTROL......Page 96
INTRODUCTION......Page 97
Participants......Page 101
Experimental measures......Page 102
Procedure......Page 103
Exposure to tones in the cued condition......Page 104
Comparison of performance under cued and un-cued conditions......Page 105
Stability of performance......Page 106
Discussion......Page 107
Procedure......Page 108
Reaction times......Page 109
Tone novelty and reaction time slowing......Page 110
Discussion......Page 111
Procedure......Page 113
The effects of cues on reaction times......Page 114
Effects of a cue on subsequent accuracy......Page 115
Discussion......Page 116
GENERAL DISCUSSION......Page 117
REFERENCES......Page 122
A COGNITIVE PROSTHESIS AND COMMUNICATION SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA......Page 125
THE POTENTIAL OF THE COMPUTER AS A COGNITIVE PROSTHESIS......Page 126
SUPPORTING COMMUNICATION IN PHYSICALLY IMPAIRED NON-SPEAKING PEOPLE......Page 127
THE CHALLENGE OF DEMENTIA......Page 128
REMINISCENCE AS A COMMUNICATION SUPPORT......Page 129
POSSIBILITIES FOR MULTIMEDIA......Page 130
Pilot studies......Page 131
Personal web pages......Page 132
Reminiscence scrapbook......Page 133
THE PROJECT......Page 134
Pilot study of the acceptability and accessibility of the prototype multimedia system......Page 135
Prototype evaluation......Page 136
Results......Page 137
DISCUSSION......Page 139
CONCLUSION......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 141
THE EFFICACY OF AN INTELLIGENT COGNITIVE ORTHOSIS TO FACILITATE HANDWASHING BY PERSONS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE DEMENTIA......Page 144
INTRODUCTION......Page 145
Overview of previous work......Page 146
Learning in dementia......Page 147
DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE (THE COACH)......Page 148
DEVICE EFFICACY STUDY......Page 150
Subject selection......Page 151
Apparatus and set-up......Page 152
Method......Page 153
RESULTS......Page 158
Subject performance and dependency......Page 159
Device and AI performance......Page 162
Subject performance......Page 164
Device and AI performance......Page 170
CONCLUSIONS......Page 178
REFERENCES......Page 179
APHASIA REHABILITATION AND THE STRANGE NEGLECT OF SPEED......Page 182
INTRODUCTION......Page 183
COMPARING APHASICS AND CONTROLS......Page 187
TREATMENT EFFECTS ON SPEED AND ACCURACY......Page 191
OVERALL TREATMENT OUTCOME......Page 202
CONCLUSION......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 214
ANALYSIS OF ASSETS FOR VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS IN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY......Page 217
INTRODUCTION......Page 218
WHY VIRTUAL REALITY?......Page 219
ANALYSIS OF VR ASSETS......Page 220
The capacity to systematically deliver and control dynamic, interactive 3D stimuli within an immersive environment that would be difficult to present using other means......Page 221
The capacity to create more ecologically valid assessment and rehabilitation scenarios......Page 222
The delivery of immediate performance feedback in a variety of forms and sensory modalities......Page 226
The provision of "cueing" stimuli or visualisation tactics designed to help guide successful performance to support an error-free learning approach......Page 228
The capacity for complete performance capture and the availability of a more naturalistic/intuitive performance record for review and analysis......Page 231
The capacity to pause assessment, treatment and training for discussion and/or integration of other methods......Page 233
The design of safe testing and training environments that minimise the risks due to errors......Page 234
mpairments via the use of adapted interface devices and tailored sensory modality presentations built into VE scenario design .........Page 235
The introduction of "gaming" features into VR rehabilitation scenarios as a way to enhance motivation......Page 237
The integration of virtual human representations (avatars) for systematic applications addressing social interaction......Page 239
The potential availability of low-cost libraries of VEs that could be easily accessed by professionals......Page 242
The option for self-guided independent testing and training by clients when deemed appropriate......Page 243
REFERENCES......Page 245
EVALUATING DIGITAL “ON-LINE” BACKGROUND NOISE SUPPRESSION: CLARIFYING TELEVISION DIALOGUE FOR OLDER, HARD-OF-HEARING VIEWERS......Page 252
INTRODUCTION......Page 253
METHOD......Page 255
Procedure......Page 256
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 257
REFERENCES......Page 259
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 261
