Tao-Klarjeti. Historical and cultural essays

Cover
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
A historical and geographical overview
History
Early state formations on the territory of Tao-Klarjeti
Tao-Klarjeti in the Ancient period
Tao-Klarjeti in the early Middle Ages 4th-8th cc
The Kingdom of Georgians 9th-10th cc
Tao-Klarjeti in the period of the united Kingdom of Georgia 10th-13th cc
David III Kouropalates
Bagrat III and Tao-Klarjeti
Conflict between George I and Byzantium for Meskheti
South Georgia during the reign of Bagrat IV
“Great Turkish raids”
David IV the Builder. The exemption of Georgia from the Seljuk Turks
Tao-Klarjeti in the 12th century
Battle of Basiani
Founding the Empire of Trebizond
The administrative organization of Meskheti. Feudal dynasties
Mongol invasions and annexation of South Georgia
David VII Ulu and Sargis Jakeli. Establishment of the principality of Samtskhe-Saatabago
The Principality of Samtskhe-Saatabago 13th-16th cc
The principality of Meskheti under Sargis I and Beka I
Return of Samtskhe-Saatabago to the Georgian realm during the reign of George the Illustrious
Samtskhe-Saatabago within the Georgian realm in the 14th-15th centuries
The separation of Samtskhe-Saatabago from the kingdom of Georgia
The Samtskhe-Saatabago Principality in the first third of the 16th century
Meskheti as a part of the Kingdom of Imereti
Samtskhe-Saatabago in the 1540s to 1570s
The Pashalik of Akhaltsikhe 16th-19th cc
Meskheti in the 1560-90s. Manuchar II’s fight against the Ottomans
The Ottoman-Persian war and South Georgia (1630s)
The Gurjistan Vilayet during the governance of Sapar Pasha
Akhaltsikhe Pashalik in the second half of the 17th century
The Gurjistan Vilayet and Georgian political entities in the first half of the 18th century
The Akhaltsikhe Pashalik in the second half of the 18th century. The struggle of Erekle II and Solomon I for Meskheti
Gurjistavi Vilayet in the first quarter of the 19th century. The Russian-Turkish war in 1806-1812 and South Georgia
The land ownership affairs of the Akhaltsikhe Pashalik. “The Great Register of the Gurjistan Vilayet”
The administrative government of the Akhaltsikhe Pashalik
The population: the ethnic, religious and cultural situation
Towns in the “Ottoman Georgia”
Trade and craftmanship
The Russian-Ottoman conflict and Tao-Klarjeti 1828-1918
The Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829
Crimean War
The Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878
World War I
Tao-Klarjeti in the period of the Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918-1921
Meskheti in 1918
The struggle of the Democratic Republic of Georgia for Meskheti, against the “State of the Southwest Caucasus” in 1919
An important part of Southern Georgia handed to the Turkish state
Tao-Klarjeti in the modern period
The economy
Culture
Culture
Church architecture
Façade décor and sculpture
Georgian inscriptions in Tao-Klarjeti
Lapidary inscriptions
Painted inscriptions
Graffiti, scratched inscriptions
Engraved inscriptions
Embroidered inscriptions
Recent finds and prospects
Murals
Ecclesiastical antiquities from Tao-Klarjeti
The literary scool of Tao-Klarjeti
The canonization of the Georgian editions of the biblical books
Tendencies of educational policy
Literary works
Traditional ways of life
Traditional ways of life among Georgians in Tao-Klarjeti
Ethnic Georgians in present-day Tao-Klarjeti
Klarjeti
Shavsheti
Tao
Achara
The Georgian language
Georgian dialects in Tao-Klarjeti
Personal names
Geographical names
The hdyronymy of Tao-Klarjeti
Plant names in toponymy
Toponyms of anthroponymic origin
Christian lexis in toponymy
Zanisms in Tao-Klarjetian tponymy
Toponyms of Turkish origin
The morphological composition of toponyms
Appendices
Populated places in modern Tao-Klarjeti
Bibliography