Taming the Sovereigns: Institutional Change in International Politics

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Deidication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Tables......Page 12
Preface......Page 13
The domains of change......Page 16
1 The problem of change in international relations: rhetoric, markers, and metrics......Page 25
Markers of change......Page 30
Trends......Page 31
Great events......Page 34
Significant social/technological innovations......Page 35
Concepts of change......Page 36
Change as novelty or replacement......Page 37
Change as increased/decreased complexity......Page 39
Change as reversion......Page 40
Change as obsolescence......Page 41
International institutions as metrics and markers of change......Page 42
Foundational and process institutions......Page 48
2 States and statehood......Page 52
The late seventeenth-century Westphalian state......Page 55
Practices: the great power grab......Page 56
Ideas......Page 61
Norms......Page 65
The Peace of Westphalia......Page 66
Nation and state in nineteenth-century Europe: growing complexity......Page 68
The contemporary state......Page 70
The practices of contemporary statehood......Page 71
Ideas......Page 73
Norms......Page 77
The problem of weak states......Page 78
The state and change: the case for transformation......Page 82
Critique of the state transformation/obsolescence argument......Page 86
The case for complexity......Page 92
Explaining change......Page 94
3 Territoriality......Page 97
The bordering of Europe......Page 99
Sixteenth-century ideas of territoriality......Page 100
Early border practices......Page 101
Why borders?......Page 102
Territorial practices in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe......Page 104
Norms and rules......Page 107
Changing ideas of territory: from the limits of realms to lines of nations......Page 108
Modern territorial practices......Page 112
Territorial practices since 1945: transforming an international institution......Page 116
Border functions......Page 119
Norms and rules......Page 121
Explaining the “territorial compact”......Page 125
The case for obsolescence......Page 128
Critique......Page 129
Conclusions......Page 133
4 Sovereignty......Page 136
The constitutive rules and functions of sovereignty......Page 137
The problem of authority in the medieval era......Page 142
The critical seventeenth century: Westphalia......Page 145
The Peace of Westphalia: practical consequences......Page 148
The Peace of Westphalia: ideational and normative consequences......Page 149
Sovereignty and the birth of states......Page 152
Sovereignty and the maintenance of states......Page 155
Sovereignty and the death of states: the problem of conquest......Page 156
The case for transformation of sovereignty......Page 159
What has changed?......Page 165
5 International law......Page 167
Norms, rules, and law......Page 168
Early ideas about international obligations......Page 170
Norms in early modern Europe......Page 174
Practices......Page 176
Universalizing norms and practices......Page 178
Continuity, complexity, and change in contemporary international law......Page 179
Ideas and norms of human rights and armed intervention......Page 180
The coexistence of states: non-intervention, ideology, and strategic interests......Page 185
The coexistence of state: the right of conquest and jus ad bello......Page 187
The problem of consent......Page 191
Individuals and international law......Page 193
The institutionalization of international law: codes, covenants, and courts......Page 194
The rules of the game in international relations: ethics and the sources of compliance......Page 197
6 Diplomacy......Page 202
The birth of the diplomatic institution in the seventeenth century......Page 203
Practices......Page 204
Ideas......Page 207
Norms......Page 209
Other evidence of institutionalization......Page 211
Explaining a new institution......Page 213
Practices......Page 214
Ideas......Page 217
Norms, rules, and etiquette......Page 219
The case for obsolescence......Page 222
The case for complexity......Page 230
7 International trade......Page 235
Practices......Page 236
Ideas and beliefs......Page 240
The power of ideas: the transition to institutionalized trade......Page 242
The institutionalization of trade......Page 246
The norms of international trade......Page 252
Accounting for institutionalization......Page 254
The stability of institutionalized trade......Page 260
Modern colonialism as an international institution......Page 263
Colonial practices......Page 264
Norms, rules, and etiquette......Page 270
Ideologies and belief system foundations of colonialism......Page 272
Paternalism......Page 273
Economic development......Page 275
Racism......Page 276
From humanitarianism and paternalism to strategic necessity......Page 277
The game of imperialism......Page 278
Toward obsolescence......Page 286
Explaining obsolescence......Page 287
Indigenous political activity and resistance......Page 288
The consequences of European wars......Page 290
Changes in colonial practices......Page 291
Changes in systemic norms......Page 292
Ideas and beliefs......Page 295
Economic and financial constraints......Page 296
9 War......Page 299
Ideas......Page 301
Patterned practices......Page 303
Norms, rules, and etiquette......Page 305
The de-institutionalization of war......Page 307
War and terrorism......Page 313
Explaining de-institutionalization......Page 314
“Smart” munitions and the re-institutionalization of war?......Page 318
Is war an institution?......Page 321
10 International institutions: types, sources, and consequences of change......Page 324
International institutions and the international system......Page 328
The influence of institutions......Page 329
War in systems of states......Page 333
The socialization of states?......Page 335
The idea of the international community......Page 337
Some reflections on the nature of change in international politics......Page 342
References......Page 348
Index......Page 368