In New York City's Chinatown, a restaurateur uses her informal banking business to launder the millions of dollars she earns from smuggling and exploiting illegal immigrants. In Colombia, the Chiquita banana company uses fraudulent bookkeeping to cover up its payoffs to a designated terrorist group and drug cartel responsible for the deaths of untold civilians. In Iran, authorities use state-owned banks and an array of front companies to further their nuclear and terrorist efforts. On the island of Macau, an obscure, family-owned bank circulates millions of dollars in counterfeit U.S. currency on behalf of North Korean diplomats engaged in drug and arms trafficking. In Indonesia, an al-Qaeda affiliate uses cash couriers to deliver thousands of dollars in undeclared money to operatives in Bali, who then conduct a suicide bombing that kills more than 200 people.
These are just a handful of the ways in which drug cartels, human smugglers, terrorists, rogue states, and even legitimate businesses have exploited weaknesses in the international financial system to further their goals. Such abuses continue to threaten both U.S. national security and the global economy, as tainted money flows through banks and across borders in unprecedented amounts. In this book, former Treasury Department analyst Avi Jorisch offers a sobering look at past and current efforts to stem this flow, both in the United States and abroad. Only by acknowledging the shortcomings in these efforts, he argues, can we hope to effectively confront an age-old problem that has taken on frightening new dimensions in the post-September 11 era.
Author(s): Jorisch, Avi, 1975-
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 232
Tags: money laundering,terrorism financing
Acknowledgments vii
Executive Summary ix
Introduction 1
Part I. The Big Picture
Chapter 1 . Why Should We Care ? 9
Chapter 2. How Criminals Raise and Move Money 19
Chapter 3. International Monitoring and Enforcement 33
Part II. Moving Money
Chapter 4. Breaking the Bank 49
Chapter 5. No Questions Asked: Hawala and the Informal Financial Sector 69
Chapter 6. Hide-and-Seek Through Cash Smuggling 83
Chapter 7. Trade-Based Money Laundering 95
Chapter 8. Donor Beware: Terrorists and the Charitable Sector 105
Part III. Enforcement
Chapter 9. Criminalization of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing 125
Chapter 10. Targeted Economic Sanctions 137
Chapter 11. Global Assessment Regime 153
Part IV. Conclusions
Chapter 12. Turning the Tide: Implications and Policy Recommendations 159
Glossary 167
Notes 173
About the Author 207
About Red Cell Intelligence Group 209