System-Materials Nanoarchitectonics

Preface
Contents
What is Nanoarchitectonics?
What is Nanoarchitectonics?
1 Initiation of Nanoarchitectonics
2 Outline of Nanoarchitectonics
References
Nanostructured Materials and Their Construction
Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanowires
1 Introduction
2 Si and Ge Nanowires
2.1 VLS Growth
2.2 Si Nanowire Growth Techniques
2.3 Si Nanowire Doping
3 Oxide Nanowires
3.1 ZnO and Solution Growth
3.2 P-Type Doping of ZnO
4 Summary and Outlook
References
Nanoparticle Biomarkers Adapted for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging
1 Introduction
2 Nanoparticles
2.1 Rare-Earth-Doped Nanoparticles
2.2 Quantum Dots
3 Toxicological Studies
4 Summary
References
Frontiers in Mesoscale Materials Design
1 Mesoporous Materials
1.1 Background
1.2 Traditional Ways of Preparing Mesoporous Metals
1.3 New Discovery in the Syntheses of Mesoporous Metal Nanoarchitectures
2 Layered Inorganic Solids
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Zeolitic Magadiite But with Unique Open Micropores Within the Layers
2.3 Intercalation and Alignment of 1D Coordination Polymer to Create Well-Defined Janus Pores
2.4 Conversion Through Nanoparts
3 Nanocrystals and Nanoparticles
3.1 Background
3.2 α-Mn2O3 and the Creation of a Phase Pure Material
3.3 Creation of Monodisperse α-Mn2O3 for Porous Electrodes
References
Wavelength-Selective Photothermal Infrared Sensors
1 Introduction
2 MEMS-Based Architecture of On-Chip Quad-Wavelength Pyroelectric Infrared Detectors
3 Electromagnetic Simulations for Wavelenght-Selective Photothermal Converter: An Example for an MIM Perfect Absorber
4 CMOS-Compatible Fabrication Process of a Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor
5 Fabrication and Demonstration of a Quad-Wavelength Pyroelectric MIM Sensor
6 Design of a Quad-Wavelength Pyroelectric Wood’s Anomaly Sensor
7 Fabrication and Demonstration of a Quad-Wavelength Pyroelectric Wood’s Anomaly Sensor
8 Conclusions
References
Functional Molecular Liquids
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Design Principles of Functional Molecular Liquids
3 Aromatic Functional Liquids for Photophysical Applications
3.1 Naphthalene Liquids
3.2 Anthracene Liquids
3.3 Pyrene Liquids
3.4 Bromonaphthalimide FMLs
3.5 Conjugated Oligomeric Liquids
4 Macrocyclic Functional Molecular Liquids
4.1 Phthalocyanine Functional Molecular Liquids
4.2 Porphyrin Functional Molecular Liquids
4.3 Pillararene Cyclic Host Liquids
5 Optoelectronically Active Fullerene Liquid Materials
6 Conclusions
References
Devices and Computation by Nanoarchitectonics
Ionic Nanoarchitectonics: Creation of Polymer-Based Atomic Switch and Decision-Making Device
1 Introduction
2 Atomic Switch Operation Based on Solid Polymer Electrolytes
2.1 Kinetic Factors Dominating the Filament Growth
2.2 Quantized Conductance of an Atomic Point Contact
3 Decision-Maker Based on Proton Conducting Polymers
3.1 Operating Principle of the Ionic Decision-Maker for Solving Dynamic Multiarmed Bandit Problems
3.2 Learning Properties of the Ionic Decision-Maker in Relation to Environmental Changes
4 Summary
References
Oxoporphyrinogens: Novel Dyes Based on the Fusion of Calix[4]pyrrole, Quinonoids and Porphyrins
1 The Birth of the ‘OxP’ Chromophore
2 Nanometric OxP Derivatives
3 Controlling Charge Separation in OxP Oligochromophores
4 Diverse Molecular Sensing Using OxP Derivatives
4.1 Water Sensing
4.2 Alcohol Sensing/Differentiation
4.3 Sensing in Chiral Systems
4.4 Halochromism and Related Sensing in OxP Derivatives
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Growth and Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications of Surface Oxides on Atomically Thin WSe2
1 Introduction
2 Growth of Surface Oxides on Atomically Thin WSe2
3 Electronic Applications of Surface Oxides
4 Optoelectronic Applications of Surface Oxides
5 Conclusions
References
Portable Toxic Gas Sensors Based on Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
1 Introduction
2 SWCNT-Based Chemical Sensor
2.1 Detection of Nerve Agent
2.2 Detection of Formaldehyde
2.3 Detection of Toxic Gases Using Smartphone and NFC Tags
3 Summary
References
Advanced Nanomechanical Sensor for Artificial Olfactory System: Membrane-Type Surface Stress Sensor (MSS)
1 Introduction
2 Membrane-Type Surface Stress Sensor (MSS)
3 Receptor Materials
4 Machine-Learning-Based Analysis
5 Applications of Artificial Olfaction
6 MSS Alliance/Forum and Internet of Things
7 Conclusion
References
Quantum Molecular Devices Toward Large-Scale Integration
1 Introduction
2 Quantum Transport Induced by Organic Molecules in a Double-Tunnel Junction
3 Unique Device Operations Controllable by Molecular Orbitals
3.1 Multilevel Control of Resonant Tunneling by Using Binary Molecules
3.2 Optical Control of Resonant Tunneling with Photochromic Molecules
4 Vertical Resonant Tunneling Transistor with Molecular Quantum Dots
5 Conclusions
References
Energy and Life with Nanoarchiteconics
Nanostructured Bulk Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting
1 Introduction
2 The Influence of Nano-Microstructural Defects on Electron and Phonon Transport Behavior
2.1 Linear Defects
2.2 Interfacial Defects
2.3 Volume Defects
3 Nanostructured Thermoelectric Devices for Energy Harvesting
3.1 Thermoelectric Single Leg
3.2 Thermoelectric Unicouple
3.3 Thermoelectric Module
4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Artificial Photosynthesis: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Strategies
1 Introduction
2 Requirements for Artificial Photosynthesis
2.1 Thermodynamic Boundaries and Photon Absorption
2.2 Charge Carrier Dynamics in Light-Harvesting Material
2.3 Existence of Reactive Sites
3 Water Splitting
3.1 Overall Water Splitting
3.2 Hydrogen Production from Sacrificial Water Splitting
4 CO2 Reduction
4.1 Activation of CO2 Molecules
4.2 Controlling the Selectivity of CO2 Reduction
5 N2 Fixation
5.1 Fundamentals of Photon-Driven N2 Fixation
5.2 Adsorption and Activation of N2 Molecules
6 Summary and Outlook
References
Smart Polymers for Biomedical Applications
1 Introduction of Biomaterials
2 Classification of Smart Polymers
3 Smart Hydrogels
4 Smart Nanofibers
5 Smart Surfaces
6 Conclusions
References
Geometrical and Mechanical Nanoarchitectonics at Interfaces Bridging Molecules with Cell Phenotypes
1 Introduction
2 Geometrical Nanoarchitectonics
3 Mechanical Nanoarchitectonics
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Emerging Methods
Electrical Measurement by Multiple-Probe Scanning Probe Microscope
1 Introduction
2 Development of Double-Probe Scanning Tunneling Microscope System
3 Elemental Technology for Realizing Double-Probe Scanning Tunneling Microscope
3.1 Development of Ultrasharp Probe
3.2 Electrical Measurement by Using Ultrasharp Probe
4 Development of Quadruple-Probe Atomic Force Microscope System
5 Electrical Measurement of Nanosystem with QP-c-AFM
6 Summary
References
Large-Scale First-Principles Calculation Technique for Nanoarchitectonics: Local Orbital and Linear-Scaling DFT Methods with the CONQUEST Code
1 Introduction
2 Calculation Methods Used in CONQUEST
3 Accurate and Efficient Local Orbital Method in CONQUEST
4 Million-Atom DFT Calculations Using a Linear-Scaling Method
5 Molecular Dynamics with CONQUEST
6 Electronic Structure Analysis
7 Summary
References
Machine Learning Approaches in Nanoarchitectonics
1 Introduction
2 Novel Organic Molecule Development Based on Artificial Intelligence
3 Effective Model Estimation of Magnetic Materials by Bayesian Statistics
3.1 Construction of the Posterior Distribution by Bayesian Statistics
3.2 Bayesian Optimization for Computationally Extensive Probability Distributions
4 Force-Field Estimation by Machine Learning
5 Machine Learning Approaches in Gas Sensor Systems
5.1 Classification Models from Gas Sensor Signals Toward Artificial Olfaction
6 Analysis Method Based on System Identification
6.1 Regression Models for Quantitative Analysis with Gas Sensor Systems
7 Summary
References
Epilogue: Today’s Nanotechnology, Future Nanoarchitectonics