This book explores the benefits of deploying Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the health care environment. The authors study different research directions that are working to serve challenges faced in building strong healthcare infrastructure with respect to the pandemic crisis. The authors take note of obstacles faced in the rush to develop and alter technologies during the Covid crisis. They study what can be learned from them and what can be leveraged efficiently. The authors aim to show how healthcare providers can use technology to exploit advances in machine learning and deep learning in their own applications. Topics include remote patient monitoring, data analysis of human behavioral patterns, and machine learning for decision making in real-time.
Author(s): G. R. Kanagachidambaresan, Dinesh Bhatia, Dhilip Kumar, Animesh Mishra
Series: Signals and Communication Technology
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 335
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
Pandemic Effect of COVID-19: Identification, Present Scenario, and Preventive Measures Using Machine Learning Model
Introduction
Coronavirus First Case
Corona Cases in India
Structure of Coronavirus
Growing Stages of Virus
Statistical Data of COVID-19 at Present Scenario
COVID-19: Confirmed Cases and Causalities
COVID-19: Transmission Rate and Statistics on Different Stages of Transmission
COVID-19: Case Fatality Rate (CFR)
COVID-19: Category-Wise Fatal Cases – Age Factor and Medical History
Machine Learning Model for COVID-19 Prediction
Baseline Model
Training Using Unbiased Features
Discussion
Development of the Model
Evaluation of the Model
Transmission and Prevention of COVID-19
Transmission of COVID-19
Close Contact
Prevention and Control Measures
Conclusion
References
A Comprehensive Review of the Smart Health Records to Prevent Pandemic
Introduction to a Smart Health Record
Various Types of Records in Smart Health
Development of EHR Standards for India
Traditional Paper Records vs Smart Health Records
Comparison Between Paper-Based Records and Electronic Health Records
Interoperability and Standards in the Smart Healthcare System
Guidelines for Proposed Smart Health Records
Introduction of Machine Learning in Healthcare
Introduction to Vector Machine Techniques
Introduction to OCR Techniques in Healthcare
Flood of Paper Claims After the Arrival of Optical Character Recognition
Electronic Exchange of Documents
Advantages of OCR in Healthcare
Privacy and Security in Smart Health Records
Conclusion
References
Automation of COVID-19 Disease Diagnosis from Radiograph
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Dataset
Proposed Classification Model
Data Preprocessing
The Pre-Trained VGG16 Architecture
Results and Discussion
First Phase (Data Augmentation)
Second Phase Pre-Trained VGG16
Performance Metrics
COVID-19 Classification Results
Confusion Matrix and Feature Maps
Comparison with State-of-the-Art Methods
Results and Discussion
References
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs)
Artificial Intelligence and SDGs
Role of AI in Quantitative SDGs
Good Health and Well-Being
Quality Education
Affordable and Clean Energy
Decent Work and Economic Growth
Responsible Consumption and Production
Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Partnership for the Goals
Role of AI in Qualitative SDGs
No Poverty
Zero Hunger
Gender Equality
Clean Water and Sanitation
Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
Reduced Inequalities
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Climate Action
Life Below Water
Life on Land
Conclusion
References
A Novel Model for IoT Blockchain Assurance-Based Compliance to COVID Quarantine
Introduction to Blockchain
Blockchain
Blockchain Design Architecture
IoT Blockchain Assurance-Based Compliance to COVID Quarantine
IoT Design Architecture
Temperature Sensor Control Node
Respiration Sensor Control Node
Pulse Rate Sensor Control Node
Accelerometer Sensor Control Node
Blood Pressure Sensor Control Node
Motion Sensor Control Node
Glucometer Sensor Control Node
EMG and EEG Sensor Control Node
Patient Doctor Smartphone Sensor Control Node
Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Sensor Control Node
Health Authorization Sensor Control Node
Results and Efficiency Analysis
Conclusion
References
Deep Learning-Based Convolutional Neural Network with Random Forest Approach for MRI Brain Tumour Segmentation
Introduction
Literature Review
System Design
Convolutional Neural Network
Result and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Expert Systems for Improving the Effectiveness of Remote Health Monitoring in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Review
Introduction
Internet of Things
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics
Wireless Body Area Networks
COVID-19 Pandemic
Remote Health Monitoring System
Advantages of Remote Health Monitoring System for COVID-19
Wireless Body Area Network for Remote Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2
Workflow of WBAN Architecture
Wireless Medical Sensors
Wireless Sink Mode
Android Application
Remote Monitoring Center
Security Constraints in Wireless Body Area Network
IoT in COVID-19 Remote Health Monitoring
Remote Monitoring of Vitals
Rapid Diagnosis
Contact Tracking
Screening
Reducing the Workload of Healthcare Professionals
Disease Containment and Tracking
Robotics and AI Technologies in COVID-19 Pandemic
COVID-19 Risk Assessment
Surveillance During COVID-19
Telehealth Care Services During COVID-19
Delivery and Supply Chain During COVID-19
Disinfection
Research and Drug Development
Conclusion
References
Artificial Intelligence-Based Predictive Tools for Life-Threatening Diseases
Origin and Background of Diseases
Classification
Phases of Disease
Transmission of Infection
Routes of Transmission
Morbidity and Mortality Rates
Pathogens of Bacteria and Virus
Plague or Black Death
Cholera
Influenza or Spanish Flu
Smallpox
HIV or AIDS
Coronavirus
Disease Management System
Role of Expert Systems
Mathematical Model for Predictive Modeling
Compartment Model
SIR Model
Other Mathematical Models
The Implication of Machine Learning Algorithms
Supervised Algorithm
The Bayesian Networks
Other Machine Learning Methods
Unsupervised Algorithm
Clustering
Association
Deep Learning Model for Big Medical Data Analytics
Tools Used for Mass Screening
Predictive Tool for Mass screening
COVID-19 Prediction Tools
Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Predictive Tools
Deep Learning-Based Predictive Tools
Summary
References
Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network for Metastatic Tissue Diagnosis in Lymph Node Section
Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network
Data Augmentation on PatchCamelyon Dataset Using DCGAN
PCam Dataset Preparation
DCGAN Model Design and Parameter Optimization
Training the DCGAN on PCam Dataset
DCGAN Performance Testing Using Frechet Inception Distance
Development of Classification Models for Metastatic Tissue Detection
Results and Discussions
Conclusion
References
Transformation in Health Sector During Pandemic by Photonics Devices
Introduction
Existing Technologies for Healthcare Monitoring
Diagnostic Technologies on the Rise
Technologies for Disinfection
Future Outlook and Conclusion
Bibliography
Diagnosis of COVID-19 from CT Images and Respiratory Sound Signals Using Deep Learning Strategies
Introduction
Economical Impact on the World
Economical Impact of India
Some Positives of COVID-19
Some Drawbacks of Covid
Impact on Students
Dataset Description
Proposed Methodology
Dataset Preprocessing
Data Augmentation
Feature Extraction
MFCC
Zero-Crossing Rate
Kurtosis
ResNet-50 Model
Feature Selection
Bitwise Mutation
LSTM
Classification
Performance Metrics
Random Forest
XGBoost
Support Vector Machine
LASSO, Ridge, and Elastic Net Regression
Conclusion
References
The Role of Edge Computing in Pandemic and Epidemic Situations with Its Solutions
Introduction
Related Works
Health Care in Affective Computing
IIoMT Devices
Deep Learning Applications
Edge Computing
System Design
Edge Computing Applications
Management Symptom In-Home
Safety and Quarantine In-Home
Facial Emotion Detection In-Home
Life Management System with Best Quality In-Home
Diagnosis and Treatment In-Home
Selection of Edge IIoMT Device
Edge Deep Learning Stack Design
System Workflow
Implementation
Test Results
EEG Signal Classification
Drowsiness Analysis
ECG
Fever Detection
Face Mask Detection
Determination of Physiological State Using Excitement Analysis
Residential Cough Sound Analysis from Both Affected and Not Affected
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Advances and Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Field of Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Role During the Pandemic Condition
Introduction
AI and Its Principles
Applications of AI in the Medical Field Settings
Application of AI in Cardiovascular Diseases
Precision Medicine
Clinical Prognosis
Cardiac Imaging Analysis
Intellectual Robots
Clinical Decision Support System and Preventive Cardiology: The Application of AI
Applications of AI During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Domain of Cardiology
AI and Cardiology Treatment During the Pandemic Situation
COVID-19 Pandemic and Artificial Intelligence: The Challenges
The Future Scope of Artificial Intelligence
References
Effective Health Screening and Prompt Vaccination to Counter the Spread of COVID-19 and Minimize Its Adverse Effects
Introduction
Screening
COVID-19 Screening Tools and Procedure
Vaccine
COVID-19 Vaccine
Working Mechanism of COVID-19 Vaccine
Vaccination
Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine
Importance of COVID-19 Vaccination
Conclusion
References
Crowd Density Estimation Using Neural Network for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics
Introduction
Tracking Framework for Objects
Object Detection
Object Modeling
Object Representation
Appearance Features
Object Tracking
Feature-Based Methods
Estimation-Based Methods
Segmentation-Based Methods
Learning-Based Methods
Proposed Model
Object Detection and Tracking Model
YOLO Object Detection
Pairwise Distance Calculation Using Manhattan Distance
Closeness Property
Possibility of the Breach in the Protocol and Transmission
Object Detection and Distance Calculation Using Proposed Scheme
Input Feed
Object Detection
Decision-Making and Output Formatting
Performance Evaluation
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Role of Digital Healthcare in Rehabilitation During a Pandemic
Introduction
Different Digital Health Platforms in Rehabilitation
Telemedicine
Mobile Health
E-health
Algorithmic Medicine
Digital Patient Management
Discussion
Conclusion
References
An Epidemic of Neurodegenerative Disease Analysis Using Machine Learning Techniques
Introduction
Supervised Learning
Decision Tree
Linear Regression
Logistic Regression
Naive Bayes
Support Vector Machine
Unsupervised Learning
K-Means Algorithm
Mean-Shift Clustering Algorithm
Affinity Propagation and Hierarchical Clustering
Density-Based Spatial Clustering (DBSC)
Gaussian Mixture Modeling
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Convolutional Layer
Activation Functions
Pooling Layer
Fully Connected Layer
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 Growth Curve Forecasting for India Using Deep Learning Techniques
Introduction
Literature Review
Materials and Methods
Description of Dataset
Forecasting COVID-19 with Recurrent Neural Network
ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) Test
LSTM
Stacked LSTM
Bidirectional LSTM
The Proposed Models
LSTM Model
Bidirectional LSTM Model
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Index
