Content: v. 1. Desalination --
v. 2. Hyper- and ultrafiltration uses. v. 1. The Loeb-Sourirajan membrane : how it came about / Sidney Loeb --
Reverse osmosis : a new field of applied chemistry and chemical engineering / S. Sourirajan --
Application of synthetic membranes in water supply systems in Israel / P. Glueckstern, Y. Kantor, and M. Wilf --
Durability study of cellulose acetate reverse-osmosis membrane under adverse circumstances for desalting : laboratory investigation and its field application results / Hirotoshi Motomura and Yoshio Taniguchi --
Membranes for salinity gradient energy production / K.L. Lee, R.W. Baker, and H.K. Lonsdale --
Seawater reverse osmosis : the real experience / R. Bakish --
An electrical study of ion transport in cellulose acetate / M.A. Chaudry and P. Meares --
Prediction method for the life of reverse-osmosis membranes / H. Ohya, Y. Negishi, K. Kamoto, K. Matsui, and H. Inoue --
Model and preliminary experiments on membrane fouling in reverse osmosis / R.F. Probstein, K.K. Chan, R. Cohen, and I. Rubenstein --
Intrinsic membrane compaction and aqueous solute studies of hyperfiltration (reverse-osmosis) membranes using interferometry / David Mahlab, Nissim Ben Yosef, and Georges Belfort --
Pressure drop across polarization layers in ultrafiltration / Michael Wales --
The effect of halogens on the performance and durability of reverse-osmosis membranes / Julius Glater, Joseph W. Mccutchan, Scott B. Mccray, and Michael R. Zachariah --
High-flux cellulose acetate membranes / K.W. Böddeker, H. Finken, and A. Wenzlaff --
Highly anisotropic cellulose mixed-ester membranes for microfiltration / R. Kesting, A. Murray, K. Jackson, and J. Newman --
Permeability properties of cellulose triacetate hollow-fiber membranes for one-pass seawater desalination / Kaoru Furukawa, Masaaki Sekino, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Kazuto Hamada, Tetsuo Ukai, and Hirohito Matsui --
The effect of phosphoric acid as a casting dope ingredient on reverse-osmosis membrane properties / B. Kunst and Z. Vajnaht --
Electron microscopy of cellulose acetate reverse-osmotic membranes by means of the improved replication method / Masaku Katoh and Sho Suzuki --
Asymptotic solute rejection in reverse osmosis / Sun-Tak Hwang and Wolfgang Pusch --
Ultrastructure of asymmetric and composite membranes / Israel Cabasso --
Reverse-osmosis research in India : scope and potentialities / D.J. Mehta and A.V. Rao --
Thin-film composite reverse-osmosis membranes : origin, development, and recent advances / John E. Cadotte and Robert J. Petersen --
Poly(aryl ether) membranes for reverse osmosis / D.R. Lloyd, L.E. Gerlowski, C.D. Sunderland, J.P. Wightman, J.E. McGrath, M. Igbal, and Y. Kang --
Transport of ions and water in sulfonated polysulfone membranes / N. Vinnikova and G.B. Tanny --
Hollow-fiber reverse-osmosis composite membranes: process and properties / R.B. Davis, D.K. Schiffer, and C.E. Kramer --
Poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for reverse osmosis / Moshe G. Katz and Theodore Wydeven, Jr. --
Successful operation of a permasep permeator reverse-osmosis system on biologically active feed water / H.W. Pohland and G.E. Bettinger --
The effect of fluid management on membrane filtration / M.C. Porter. v. 2. Development of a tomato juice concentration system by reverse osmosis / K. Ishii, S. Konomi, K. Kojima, M. Kai, N. Ukai, and N. Uno --
Membrane processes in must and wine treatment / E. Drioli, G. Orlando, S. D'Ambra, and A. Amati --
Industrial application of ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration in the food and dairy industries / Ole Jentoft Olsen --
Fouling in whey reverse osmosis / B.R. Smith --
Development of a cellulose acetate membrane and a module for hemofiltration / M. Kai, K. Ishii, Z. Honda, H. Tsugaya, M. Maekawa, T. Kishimoto, and S. Yamagami --
Pressure control of the ultrafiltration rate during hemodialysis with high-flux dialyzers and the time dependence of membrane transport parameters / Allen Zelman, David Gisser, Gary Strait, Victor Bastidas, Robert Stephen, Carl Kablitz, Jeffrey Harrow, Barry Deeter, and W.J. Kolff --
Ultrafiltration rates and rejection of solutes by cellulosic hollow fibers / E. Klein, F.F. Holland, K. Eberle, and R.P. Wendt --
Dialysis processing of cryopreserved red blood cells / Allen Zelman, David Gisser, Dexter Smith, and Robert Stephen --
Effect of gel layer on rejection and fractionation of different-molecular-weight solutes by ultrafiltration / Shin-Ichi Nakao and Shoji Kimura --
Application of ultra- and hyperfiltration during production of enzymatically modified proteins / H. Sejr Olsen and J. Adler-Nissen --
Separation of biopolymer from fermentation broths / W.L. Griffith, A.L. Compere, C.G. Westmoreland, and J.S. Johnson, Jr. --
Externally wound tubular membrane elements in modular assemblies : production and application / S. Manjikian and C.K. Wojcik --
Membrane development, production, and use in hyperfiltration systems / W. Kofod Nielsen --
Multiyear experience with oily and organic chemical waste treatment using reverse osmosis / D. Dean Spatz --
A novel membrane system for the ultrafiltration of oil emulsions / G.B. Tanny and A. Korin --
Engineering aspects of the continuous membrane column / John M. Thorman and Sun-Tak Hwang --
Chemically resistant asymmetric membranes made from PVA for the separation of organic solvents and phenols from aqueous solutions / S. Peter and R. Stefan --
Solute preferential sorption in reverse osmosis / J.M. Dickson and Douglas R. Lloyd --
Estimation of interfacial forces governing the reverse-osmosis system : nonionized polar organic solute-water-cellulose acetate membrane / Takeshi Matsuura, Yutaka Taketani, and S. Sourirajan --
Reverse-osmosis separations of alkali metal halides in methanol solutions using cellulose acetate membranes / Brian A. Farnand, F.D.F. Talbot, Takeshi Matsuura, and S. Sourirajan --
Ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration in the pulp and paper industry for by-product recovery and energy savings / Per H. Claussen --
Pressure-independent ultrafiltration : is it gel limited or osmotic pressure limited? / Daniel R. Trettin and Mahendra R. Doshi --
Polymer solute rejection by ultrafiltration membranes / Leos Zeman and Michael Wales --
Recent applications of dynamic membranes / Craig A. Brandon, J. Leo Gaddis, and H. Garth Spencer.
Author(s): Albin F. Turbak (Eds.)
Series: ACS Symposium Series 153
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Year: 1981
Language: English
Pages: 443
City: Washington, DC
Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 5
DEDICATION......Page 7
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
I. Shift to Reverse Osmosis - Discovery of the Semipermeability of Cellulose Acetate.......Page 8
III. Tests With Schleicher and Schuell Cellulose Acetate Membranes.......Page 11
IV. The Work of Dobry.......Page 12
V. Fabrication Technique for the Loeb-Sourirajan Membrane.......Page 13
VII. Acknowledgements......Page 14
VIII. Literature Cited......Page 15
Reverse Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis Membranes......Page 17
Fundamental Question on Reverse Osmosis......Page 18
Key to Industrial Progress of Reverse Osmosis......Page 19
Emergence of Reverse Osmosis Processes and Reverse Osmosis Membranes......Page 20
The Approach and The Science......Page 22
Surface Forces and Reverse Osmosis......Page 23
Preferential Sorption at Membrane-Solution Interfaces and Solute Separation in Reverse Osmosis......Page 30
Physicochemical Parameters Characterizing Solutes......Page 36
Materials Science of Reverse Osmosis Membranes - Characterization of Polymeric Membrane Materials......Page 43
Materials Science of Reverse Osmosis Membranes - Factors Governing Porous Structure of Membranes......Page 47
Engineering Science of Reverse Osmosis Transport and Process Design......Page 50
Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis......Page 59
Conclusion......Page 60
Nomenclature......Page 61
Greek Letters......Page 62
Abstract......Page 63
Literature Cited......Page 64
Present Status Of Desalting In Israel......Page 69
Implementation Of RO Technology In Israel......Page 72
Economic Comparison......Page 77
Summary......Page 82
Literature Cited:......Page 83
4 Durability Study of Cellulose Acetate Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Under Adverse Circumstances for Desalting Laboratory Investigation and Its Field Application Results......Page 84
Influences of Deterioration on Membrane Characteristics......Page 85
Literature Cited......Page 93
5 Membranes for Salinity Gradient Energy Production......Page 94
Reference......Page 95
Pretreatment......Page 96
The Experience......Page 102
References......Page 104
Outline of Experimental Procedures......Page 105
Analysis of Experimental Data......Page 106
Results......Page 111
Literature Cited......Page 114
Compaction Effects......Page 116
Deterioration of Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate Membranes with NaOCl Structural and Chemical Change......Page 121
Analysis of the Mechanisum of Deterioration of Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate Membrane by Sodium Hypochlorite......Page 126
Symbols......Page 132
Literature Cited......Page 133
Fouling Model......Page 134
Experiments and Data Reduction......Page 137
Results and Comparison with Theory......Page 139
Literature Cited......Page 148
10 Intrinsic Membrane Compaction and Aqueous Solute Studies of Hyperfiltration (Reverse-Osmosis) Membranes Using Interferometry1......Page 149
II. Theory......Page 150
IV. Results and Discussion......Page 153
LITERATURE CITED......Page 159
Lyophilic Systems-Laminar Boundary Layers......Page 161
Turbulent Boundary Layers......Page 165
Lyophobic Systems: Rigid Particles......Page 166
Symbols......Page 170
Literature Cited......Page 171
12 The Effect of Halogens on the Performance and Durability of Reverse-Osmosis Membranes......Page 173
Experimental Procedures......Page 174
Results and Discussion......Page 177
Conclusions......Page 188
Literature Cited......Page 191
Increased Hydrophilicity......Page 193
Increased Compaction Stability......Page 194
Increased Solvent-to-Polymer Ratio......Page 198
Literature Cited......Page 199
14 Highly Anisotropic Cellulose Mixed-Ester Membranes for Microfiltration......Page 200
Filtration Characteristics......Page 201
Morphology......Page 212
Mechanical and Thermal Properties......Page 220
Conclusions......Page 221
Literature Cited......Page 222
15 Permeability Properties of Cellulose Triacetate Hollow-Fiber Membranes for One-Pass Seawater Desalination......Page 223
Experimental......Page 224
Results and Discussions......Page 225
Conclusion......Page 233
References......Page 234
16 The Effect of Phosphoric Acid as a Casting Dope Ingredient on Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Properties......Page 235
Experimental......Page 236
Casting Solution Composition Effects......Page 237
Discussion......Page 239
Summary......Page 244
Literature Cited......Page 245
Experimental procedures......Page 246
Results and discussion......Page 250
Literature Cited......Page 251
18 Asymptotic Solute Rejection in Reverse Osmosis......Page 252
Volumetric Transport......Page 253
Homogeneous Membrane......Page 256
Homogeneous Double Layer Membrane......Page 259
Non-homogeneous Membrane......Page 261
Conclusion......Page 262
Nomenclature......Page 263
Literature Cited......Page 264
19 Ultrastructure of Asymmetric and Composite Membranes......Page 266
Experimental......Page 268
Discussion......Page 273
Acknowledgements......Page 288
Literature Cited......Page 289
20 Reverse-Osmosis Research in India: Scope and Potentialities......Page 291
Development of Cellulosic Polymers:......Page 292
Development of Non-Cellulosic Polymers:......Page 294
Reverse Osmosis in Water Desalination and Rural Development:......Page 295
Reverse Osmosis/Ultrafiltrationin Industry:......Page 297
R&D activities of other Research Organizations in Reverse Osmosis:......Page 298
Conclusion:......Page 300
Literature Cited:......Page 301
21 Thin-Film Composite Reverse-Osmosis Membranes: Origin, Development, and Recent Advances......Page 302
Preparative Routes to Thin-Film-Composite Membranes......Page 304
Recent New Advances......Page 308
Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies......Page 317
Literature Cited......Page 321
Acknowledgements......Page 322
Poly(Aryl Ethers)......Page 324
Sulfonation of Poly(Aryl Ethers)......Page 325
Poly(Aryl Ether) Membranes......Page 326
Experimental......Page 329
Results and Discussion......Page 331
Summary......Page 342
Literature Cited......Page 344
23 Transport of Ions and Water in Sulfonated Polysulfone Membranes......Page 348
Experimental......Page 349
A. Morphological Study......Page 352
B. Transport Study......Page 354
Literature Cited......Page 361
Membrane Unit Processes......Page 363
Membrane Properties......Page 366
Epoxy Resin Selection......Page 374
Summary......Page 376
Acknowledgements......Page 377
Transport Properties of PVA Membranes......Page 378
Preparation of Thin Skinned, Asymmetric PVA Membranes......Page 387
Abstract......Page 390
List of Symbols......Page 392
Literature Cited......Page 393
26 Successful Operation of a Permasep Permeator Reverse-Osmosis System on Biologically Active Feed Water......Page 394
Literature Cited......Page 401
27 The Effect of Fluid Management on Membrane Filtration......Page 402
Control of Concentration Polarization With Stirring and Cross-Flow Techniques......Page 404
Membrane-Hardware Geometry......Page 412
Turbulence Promoters......Page 417
Secondary Flow......Page 425
Particulate Scouring......Page 428
Cross-Flow Electrofiltration......Page 434
Symbols......Page 441
Literature Cited......Page 442
