Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy

Half-title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Figures
Tables
Preface
1 Wealth, power, and corruption
Three questions
Contrasting syndromes
Linking two analytical traditions
Rediscovered territory
The roots of the syndromes: participation, institutions, and corruption
A complex balance
What is corruption?
What makes an activity corrupt?
Conclusion
2 The international setting: power, consensus, and policy
New life for an old issue
Consensus and its limitations
Partial visions
Change from within
Why worry about corruption?
The costs of corruption
From corrupt deals to systemic effects
Corruption equals Monopoly plus Discretion, minus Accountability.
Economic consequences
Implications for political development
Contrasting corruption problems
Corruption as people live it
Broader patterns
Conclusion
3 Participation, institutions, and syndromes of corruption
Opportunities, constraints, and corruption
Corruption as an embedded problem: sources of variation
Searching for patterns
Four categories
Four groups of cases
Clusters of countries
Conclusion
4 Influence Markets: influence for rent, decisions for sale
The value of access
Three market democracies
A focus on elections
Financing campaigns in the United States: who has the upper hand?
The rules of play
How well have the laws worked?
A sense of exclusion
A rogues’ gallery
It’s good to be an incumbent
The corruption problem: not bribery but bad politics
A question of trust?
Germany: sharing the spoils
Take the money and run
Influence markets in Japan: leaders, factions, and tribes
Influence-dealing – Japanese style
Behind the scandals
Weak constraints
The 1993 crisis
Influence markets in Japan: alternative futures
Influence market corruption: more than meets the eye
5 Elite Cartels: how to buy friends and govern people
Introduction
Three cases
Italy: politics visible and invisible
Italy as an Elite Cartels case
Secret networks and failed reforms
Tangentopoli, mani pulite, and the fall of the First Republic
Holding the deals together
Past tense, or present?
Korea: ‘‘money politics’’ and control
An uncertain hegemony: origins and influences
Bringing power and money together
Corruption at work: major cases
Predictability – at a price
Just another Japan?
Present and future
Botswana: an Elite Cartel success story?
Cattle, diamonds, and tradition
A modernizing traditional elite
Hegemonic corruption
Conclusion
6 Oligarchs and Clans: we are family – and you’re not
Introduction: high stakes, insecurity, and personal power
Opportunity, risk, and violence
Oligarchs and Clans: three cases
Oligarch and Clan ‘‘corruption’’: complex meanings
Russia: risky biznis
Who are the oligarchs?
Oligarchs and Clans in action
Organized crime: muscle for hire
The Soviet era: order without markets
After the fall: markets without order
Oligarchs, Clans, and change
The Philippines: oligarchs, the Marcoses, then…oligarchs?
Oligarchs in the Philippines: who they are and what they do
Building family empires
The Ferdinand and Imelda show
Me and mine: crony capitalism in action
Revolution or restoration?
A tenacious syndrome
Mexico: oligarchs in the making?
Government of the party, by the party, for the party
1988: PRI outdoes itself
Mexico’s corruption, old and new
Mexican corruption in transition
Oligarchs and Clans: who, if anyone, governs?
7 Official Moguls: reach out and squeeze someone
Introduction: power, impunity, and the risk of kleptocracy
The costs of impunity
Three cases
China: riding the tiger – for now
Strong economy, weak institutions
Changing norms and values
Meet the moguls
The party: leaders in search of a following
Prospects for reform: rule by law, political reform, or…?
Kenyathe ‘‘big man’’ and his moguls
A legacy of corruption
Helping oneself: corruption with impunity
Land thefts: using and defending personal power
Liberalized state, vulnerable society
Power without accountability
Indonesia: korrupsi, kollusi, nepotisme
New Order corruption
Corruption, Suharto style
After Suharto – ?
What next for Indonesia?
Conclusion: hopeless cases?
8 From analysis to reform
Seeing corruption in new ways
What have we learned?
The syndromes and cases
Comparative corruption research
The typology and data
Relationships among the groups
Reform: widening the worldview
Tactics without strategy?
Systemic responses to systemic problems
A developmental ideal
Influence Markets
Elite Cartels
Oligarchs and Clans
Official Moguls
Processes of change: ends and means
Are we there yet?
‘‘Deep democratization’’ and reform
Conclusion
Appendix A: Countries in each cluster and distances from statistical cluster centers
Appendix B: Statistical indicators for country clusters
References
Index