Sustainable Lubrication overviews recent advances in the development of lubricants and their usage in different tribological systems, starting from nanoscale contacts up to macroscale assemblies with specific focus on sustainable green lubrication choices including base fluids. Further, it covers advances and optimization of new types of lubrication systems according to their usage in various tribological systems such as gears, bearings, micro-electromechanical systems, and production equipment. The book includes examples and case studies about utilization of synthetic lubricants in bearings, gears, engines, and so forth.
Features:
- Explores information on the present and future of sustainable lubricants due to its increased demand in industries
- Provides conceptual overview of lubricant application in manufacturing and automobile industries
- Discusses lubricants used in the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS), and tribo-systems under extreme conditions and for biomedical applications
- Reviews information about various types of additives and their roles in lubricants, and their cost effectiveness
- Includes case studies related to journal-bearing/gear drive systems
This short form book is aimed at students and researchers in mechanical engineering, automobile engineering, chemical engineering and chemistry, manufacturing, materials, and metallurgy.
Author(s): Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Ranjeet Kumar Sahu, T. C. S. M. Gupta
Series: CRC Focus
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 80
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Authors
1. Introduction to Lubrication and Lubricant Additives
Introduction
1.1. Lubrication
1.1.1. Lubrication Regimes
1.2. Types of Oil Lubrication
1.2.1. Oil Bath Lubrication
1.2.2. Drip-feed Lubrication
1.2.3. Splash Lubrication
1.2.4. Circulating Lubrication
1.2.5. Oil/Air Lubrication
1.3. Classification of Lubricants
1.3.1. Liquid Lubricant
1.3.1.1. Animal and Vegetable Oils
1.3.1.2. Mineral or Petroleum Oils
1.3.1.3. Blended Oils
1.3.2. Semi-solid or Grease Lubricant
1.3.3. Solid Lubricant
1.4. Properties and Applications of Lubrication
1.4.1. Viscosity
1.4.2. Viscosity Index
1.4.3. Oxidation Stability
1.4.4. Pour Point
1.4.5. Demulsibility
1.4.6. Flash and Fire Point
1.4.7. Density
1.4.8. Other Properties
1.5. Function of Lubricants
1.6. Additives
1.6.1. Types of Additives
1.6.1.1. Pour Point Depressants Additive
1.6.1.2. Viscosity Index Improver Additives
1.6.1.3. Anti-wear Agent
1.6.1.4. Anti-oxidants
1.6.1.5. Defoamants
1.6.1.6. Friction Modifier
1.6.1.7. Detergents and Dispersants
1.6.1.8. Corrosion and Rust Inhibitor
1.6.1.9. Extreme Pressure (EP) Additives
1.6.1.10. Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives
1.7. Summary
References
2. Types of Lubricants
Introduction
2.1. Classification of Lubricants
2.2. Solid Lubricants
2.2.1. Polymer Lubricants
2.2.2. Metal Solid Lubricants
2.2.3. Graphite Lubricants
2.2.4. Ceramic and Cermet Lubricants
2.3. Semi-solid Lubricants
2.4. Liquid Lubricants
2.4.1. Mineral Oils
2.4.2. Vegetable Oils
2.4.3. Animal Oils
2.4.4. Water-based Lubricants
2.5. Ionic Liquid Lubricants
2.6. Biodegradable Lubricants
2.6.1. Vegetable Oil-based Biodegradable Lubricants
2.6.2. Synthetic Esters-based Biodegradable Lubricants
2.6.3. Polyalkylene Glycols-based Biodegradable Lubricants
2.7. Nano Lubricants
2.7.1. Solid Nanoparticles-based Lubricants
2.7.2. Water-based Nano Lubricants
2.8. Summary
References
3. Advanced Lubrication Techniques in Nanotechnology
Introduction
3.1. Coating
3.1.1. Thin Film Coating
3.1.1.1. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
3.1.1.1.1. Evaporative Deposition
3.1.1.1.2. Electron Beam PVD
3.1.1.1.3. Sputtering
3.1.1.2. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
3.1.2. Thick Film
3.2. Tribology in Nanotechnology
3.2.1. Bulk Composite with Solid Lubricant
3.2.2. Surface (Molecular) Modification
3.2.2.1. Physical Surface Methods
3.2.2.2. Chemical Surface Methods
3.2.3. In-situ Lubrication
3.2.3.1. Lubrication Mechanism in In-situ Technique
3.2.4. Surface Texturing
3.3. Lubrication in Micro/Nano Devices
3.3.1. Mechanism of Mixed Lubrication
3.4. Summary
References
4. Sustainable Lubrication for Systems
Introduction
4.1. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)
4.1.1. External Feed
4.1.2. Internal Feed
4.2. Advanced Minimum Quality Lubrication
4.2.1. Electrostatic Minimum Quantity Lubrication (EMQL)
4.2.2. Nano-minimum Quantity Lubricant (NMQL)
4.2.3. Cold Air-assisted MQL
4.3. Cryogenic Machining
4.3.1. Cryogenic-based Minimum Quantity Lubrication
4.3.2. Ultrasonic Vibration-assisted Cryogenic-MQL (U-CMQL)
4.4. Grease Lubrication
4.4.1. Ingredients in Grease Lubrication
4.4.1.1. Base Oil
4.4.1.2. Synthetic Oils
4.4.1.3. Polyalphaolefin
4.4.1.4. Esters
4.4.1.5. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs)
4.4.2. Soap Thickeners
4.4.2.1. Solid Hydrocarbons
4.4.2.2. Inorganic Thickeners
4.4.2.3. Organic Thickeners
4.4.3. Additives and Fillers
4.4.4. Modern Grease Lubrication
4.5. Summary
References
5. Application of Lubricants
Introduction
5.1. Gear
5.1.1. Nomenclature of Gear
5.1.2. Types of Gear
5.1.2.1. Spur Gear
5.1.2.2. Helical Gear
5.1.2.3. Double Helical or Herringbone Gear
5.1.2.4. Bevel Gear
5.1.2.5. Rack and Pinion
5.1.2.6. Worm Gear
5.1.2.7. Hypoid Gear
5.1.3. Gear Lubrication
5.1.4. Latest Trends in Gear Lubrication
5.2. Bearing
5.2.1. Bearing Lubrication
5.2.1.1. Reduce Friction and Wear
5.2.1.2. Dissipate Heat
5.2.1.3. Protect Surfaces from Dust and Corrosion
5.2.1.4. Help Seals Protect Bearings
5.2.2. Latest Trends in Bearing Materials and Bearing Coatings
5.3. Automobiles
5.3.1. Engine Lubrication
5.3.2. Latest Trends in Piston and Cylinder Lubrication
5.3.3. Use of Bio Lubricant in Automobile
5.4. Conclusion
References
Index
