Sustainable development is the most important challenge facing humanity in the 21st century. The global economic growth in the recent past has indeed exhibited marked progress in many countries. Nevertheless, the issues of income disparity, poverty, gender gaps, and malnutrition are not uncommon in the global landscape, in spite of the upward growth of the economy and technological advances. This grim picture is further exacerbated by our growing human population, unmindful resource use, ever-increasing consumption trends, and changing climate. In order to protect humanity and preserve the planet, the United Nations issued the “2030 agenda for sustainable development,” which includes but is not limited to sustainable production and consumption practices, e.g. in a sustainable bioeconomy. The hallmark of the sustainable bioeconomy is a paradigm shift from a fossil-fuel-based economy to a biological-based one, which is driven by the virtues of sustainability, efficient utilization of resources, and “circular economy.” As the sustainable bioeconomy is based on the efficient utilization of biological resources and societal transformations, it holds the immense potential to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. This book shares valuable insights into the linkages between the sustainable bioeconomy and Sustainable Development Goals, making it an essential read for policymakers, researchers and students of environmental studies.
Author(s): V. Venkatramanan, Shachi Shah, Ram Prasad
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 337
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
1: Exploring the Economics of the Circular Bioeconomy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Circularity in Bioeconomy Systems
1.3 Optimal Rate of Circularity
1.4 Discussion
1.5 Conclusion
References
2: The Role of Culture and Moral Responsibility in Facilitating a Sustainable Bioeconomy
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Consumption and Economic Growth
2.3 Consumption and Sustainable Growth
2.4 Consumption, Economics, and Culture
2.5 Reconciling Economic Theory and Historical Context
2.6 Values and the Tragedy of the Commons
2.7 The Role of Culture in Averting and Promoting Tragedy
2.7.1 Indigenous Relationship with the Commons
2.7.2 Colonists Promotion of ``Tragedy´´
2.8 Perception of Resource Value, Market Outcomes, and Price
2.9 Competition and the Tragedy of the Commons
2.10 Market Distortions, Externalities, and Failure of Market Equilibrium
2.11 Market Prices, Values, and Common Goods
2.12 Conscious Consumption and the Social Norm of Sustainability
2.13 Conclusion
References
3: Social and Economic Contribution of the Bioeconomic Sector in Ecuador: A Methodological Approach
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Conceptual Framework
3.3 Sectors in the Ecuadorian Bioeconomy
3.3.1 The Ecuadorian Economic Structure
3.3.2 Selection of Bioeconomy Subsectors
3.4 Available Models to Determine the Contribution of the Bioeconomy in Ecuador
3.4.1 Input-Output Model (IOM)
3.4.2 General Equilibrium Model
3.4.3 Social Accounting Matrix
3.5 Comparative Analysis of the Models
3.6 Contribution to the Ecuadorian Bioeconomy
3.6.1 Labour and Salary
3.6.2 Production and Consumption
3.6.3 Growth and Taxes
3.7 Insights for Assessing the Contribution of the Bioeconomy in Ecuador in a Future Scenario
3.7.1 Potential for the Improvement of Agricultural and Livestock Activities in Terms of Yield per Area of Arable Land Used
3.7.2 Potential for the Use of Organic Fertilizers, Herbicides, and Pesticides
3.7.3 Estimating Biomass-Based Manufacturing and Energy Development
3.7.4 Estimation of the Economic Potential of Water Treatment Expansion
3.7.5 Structure of the Input-Output Model to Assess the Future Contribution of the Bioeconomy
3.8 Conclusion
References
4: Biobutanol Production from Agricultural Biomass
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biobutanol
4.3 Agricultural Biomass
4.3.1 Availability of Biomass
4.3.2 Chemical Composition of Biomass
4.4 Biobutanol Production from Agricultural Biomass
4.4.1 Substrate Preparation
4.4.2 Medium Formulation
4.4.3 Microorganism and Inoculum Preparation
4.4.4 ABE Fermentation
4.4.5 Recovery
4.5 Conclusion
References
5: Valorization of Biowastes into Food, Fuels, and Chemicals: Towards Sustainable Environment, Economy, and Society
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Biowastes
5.2.1 Valorization of Biomass into Fuels and High Value Added Products
5.2.1.1 Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass
5.2.1.2 Bioalcohol Production from Biomass
5.2.1.3 Biodiesel Production from Biomass
5.2.1.4 Biohydrogen Production from Biomass
5.2.1.5 Bulk Chemicals from Biomass
5.2.2 Valorization of Food Waste into Chemicals and Fuels
5.2.2.1 Existing Methods of Management of Food Wastes
5.2.2.2 Fuels from Food Wastes
Anaerobic Fermentation
Extraction of Sugars from Food Wastes
Biohydrogen
Biomethane
Biohythane
Volatile Fatty Acids
Bioethanol
Biodiesel Production
5.2.2.3 Chemicals Production from Food Wastes
5.2.3 Industrial Wastes
5.3 Conclusion
References
6: Sustainable Biorefinery Technologies for Agro-Residues: Challenges and Perspectives
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Potential and Availability of Agro-Residues
6.3 Biorefinery Methods
6.3.1 Thermochemical Conversion Method
6.3.1.1 Gasification
6.3.1.2 Pyrolysis
6.3.1.3 Combustion
6.3.2 Biochemical Conversion Methods
6.3.2.1 Biomass Pretreatment
6.3.2.2 Fermentation Process
6.3.2.3 Anaerobic Digestion
6.3.2.4 Hybrid Thermochemical: Biochemical Conversion Technology
6.4 Biofuels Production from Agricultural Residues
6.4.1 Solid Biofuels
6.4.2 Liquid Biofuels
6.4.3 Gaseous Biofuels
6.5 Value-Added Biochemicals Production via Sustainable Biorefinery Approach
6.5.1 Valorization of Cellulose
6.5.2 Valorization of Hemicellulose
6.5.3 Valorization of Lignin
6.6 Challenges in Commercialization
6.7 Conclusion
References
7: Biotechnological Interventions for Production of Flavour and Fragrance Compounds
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Flavourings and Fragrance Chemicals
7.3 Biotechnological Methods for Production of Flavours
7.3.1 Enzymatic Methods
7.3.2 Microbial Methods
7.3.2.1 Fruity and Floral Terpenes
7.3.2.2 Aromatic Compounds in Alcoholic Beverages
7.3.2.3 Esters
7.3.2.4 Ketones
7.3.2.5 Fruity Lactones
7.3.2.6 Phenolic Aldehydes
7.3.2.7 Grassy Aroma
7.3.2.8 Musk Aroma
7.3.2.9 Synthetic Biology
7.3.2.10 Metabolic Engineering
7.3.2.11 Process of Solid-State/Submerged Fermentation for Production of Aroma Compounds
7.3.2.12 Bioreactor Model
7.3.3 Plant Tissue Culture Methods
7.4 Sensory Evaluation of Flavour Compounds
7.5 Product Formulation/Delivery Systems of Flavours
7.6 Bioeconomy, Regulatory Aspects and Legal Status of Flavours
7.7 Conclusion
References
8: Phytochemicals for the Management of Stored Product Insects
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Phytochemicals
8.3 Extraction Methods
8.3.1 Solvent Extraction Method
8.3.2 Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)
8.3.3 Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE)
8.3.4 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
8.3.5 Hydrodistillation
8.3.6 Soxhlet Extraction
8.3.7 Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)
8.4 Testing Methods to Determine the Efficiency of Phytochemicals against Stored Pests
8.4.1 Area Preference Test
8.4.2 Feeding Preference Test
8.5 Analysis of Phytochemicals
8.5.1 IR Spectroscopy
8.5.2 UV Visible Spectroscopy
8.6 Insect Repellent Packaging
8.7 Constraints of Using Phytochemicals in Pest Management
8.8 Conclusion
References
9: Assessing the Impact of Indigenous Knowledge Systems on Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study of the Selected Communities i...
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Aim and Objectives
9.3 Research Methodology
9.3.1 Research Design
9.3.2 Research Setting
9.3.3 Sampling
9.4 Data Collection
9.4.1 Quantitative Data Collection
9.4.2 Qualitative Data Collection
9.4.3 Data Analysis
9.5 Results and Discussion
9.5.1 The Contextualisation of IKS
9.5.2 Challenges of the IKS on Agricultural Practices
9.5.3 Benefits of the IKS on Agricultural Practice
9.6 Best Practices of IKS, Sustainable Agriculture, and Food Security
9.7 Knowledge Transfer Activities and Enhancement of Community Through Innovation
9.8 IKS and Sustainable Agriculture Impact on Food Security
9.9 Initiatives for Sustainability of IKS in Agricultural Practices
9.10 Conclusion
Web Links
References
10: Tropical Biological Natural Resource Management Through Integrated Bio-Cycles Farming System
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Sustainable Development in Agroecosystem
10.3 Integrated Bio-cycle Farming System
10.4 Life Cycle Assessment
10.5 Biowastes Management
10.6 Bioenergy and Biogas Management
10.7 Agricultural Bioeconomy
10.8 Conclusion
References
11: Biopesticides for Pest Management
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biopesticides: Global and Indian Perspective
11.3 Categories of Biopesticides
11.4 Biopesticides Derived from Bacteria
11.4.1 Mode of Action of Bacillus thuringiensis
11.4.2 Advantages of Bacterial Biopesticides
11.4.3 Disadvantages of Microbial Insecticides
11.5 Viruses as Biopesticides
11.5.1 Mode of Action of Viruses
11.5.2 Steps Involved in the Preparation of NPV and CPV
11.5.3 Advantages of Viral Biopesticides
11.5.4 Disadvantages of Viral Biopesticides
11.6 Fungi as Biopesticides
11.6.1 Mode of Action of Fungi-Based Biopesticides
11.6.2 Advantages of Fungi-Based Biopesticides
11.6.3 Disadvantages of Fungi-Based Biopesticides
11.7 Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPN) as Biopesticides
11.7.1 Mode of Action of EPN
11.7.2 Advantages of EPN
11.7.3 Disadvantages of EPN
11.8 Protozoans as Biopesticides
11.8.1 Mode of Action of Protozoans
11.9 Natural Enemies of Pests as Biocontrol Agents
11.9.1 Advantages of Parasitoids in Biological Pest Management
11.9.2 Disadvantages of Parasitoids in Biological Pest Management
11.9.3 Advantages of Predators in Biological Pest Management
11.9.4 Disadvantages of Predators in Biological Pest Management
11.10 Biochemical Pesticides
11.10.1 Mode of Action
11.10.2 Semiochemicals
11.10.3 Advantages of Biochemical Pesticides
11.10.4 Disadvantages of Biochemical Pesticides
11.11 Plant-Incorporated Protectants
11.12 Biopesticides Formulations
11.12.1 Dry Powders
11.12.2 Liquid Formulations
11.12.3 Compatibility of Biopesticides
11.13 Factors Influencing the Success of Biocontrol Agent
11.14 Conclusion
References
12: Renewable Energy for a Low-Carbon Future: Policy Perspectives
12.1 Introduction
12.2 World Energy Transition
12.3 Need for a Strategic Technological Approach Towards Low and Zero-Carbon Growth
12.3.1 Small Hydropower
12.3.2 Wind Power
12.3.3 Ocean Energy
12.3.4 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Technology
12.3.5 Bioenergy
12.3.6 Nuclear Power
12.3.7 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
12.3.8 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
12.4 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions and Low and Zero-Carbon Initiative
12.4.1 India´s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)
12.4.2 Highlights of India´s INDC
12.4.3 India´s Clean Energy Targets
12.4.4 Biofuel Policy in India
12.5 Potential GHG Emissions Reductions by Renewable Resources
12.6 Conclusion
References
13: TNAU Energy Soft 2016: An Efficient Energy Audit Tool to Identify Energy Saving Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Influence of Energy Demand on Climate Change Factors
13.3 Influence of Agricultural Technologies on Climate Change Factors
13.4 Energy Auditing for Identifying Climate Smart Agricultural Technologies
13.4.1 Energy Auditing
13.4.2 TNAU Energy Soft
13.4.3 Methodology Used in TNAU Energy Software for Energy Analysis
13.5 A Case Study Using TNAU Energy Soft 2016
13.6 Conclusion
References
14: Mechanism for Improving the Sustainability of Homestead Food Gardens in the Gauteng Province, South Africa
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Aim and Objectives
14.3 Methodology
14.4 Results and Discussion
14.4.1 Study Area
14.4.2 Descriptive Analysis
14.4.3 Households Gardens Status
14.4.4 Correlation Analysis
14.4.5 Univariate Analysis
14.4.6 Focus Group Discussion Analysis
14.4.7 Mechanism for Improving the Sustainability of Homestead Food Gardens
14.4.7.1 Stakeholder and Communities Mobilisation
14.4.7.2 Situational Analysis
14.4.7.3 Food Garden Inputs
14.4.7.4 Technical Assistance, Training, and Demonstrations
14.4.7.5 Nutrition Education
14.4.7.6 Monitoring and Evaluation
14.5 Conclusion
References
15: Assessment of Potassium Nutrient Balance in Agricultural Farming System: A Pathway to Sustainable Production of Crops
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Material and Methods
15.2.1 Dynamic Nutrient Balance Accounting
15.2.2 Modelling Nutrient Stocks
15.2.3 Empirical Estimation Model
15.2.4 Estimation of K Inflow from Various Sources
15.2.5 Estimation of Outflow of K
15.2.6 Period of Study and Sources of Data
15.3 Results and Discussion
15.3.1 Nutrient Inflow
15.3.2 Per ha K Inflow
15.3.3 Measurement of K Outflow
15.3.4 Per Hectare Potassium Uptake
15.3.5 Status of K Balance
15.4 Conclusion
References
