Student Movements in Late Neoliberalism: Dynamics of Contention and Their Consequences

Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Student Movements in Late Neoliberalism. Forms of Organization, Alliances, and Outcomes
Introduction
The Formation of the Neoliberal University (and Resistance to it)
Organizational Forms, Action Tactics, and Collective Identities
The Configuration of Allies and Political Outcomes
The Structure of the Book
References
2 What Moves Students? Ritual Versus Reactive Student Demonstrations in Mexico City
Introduction
Theoretical Expectations
Commemoration of the 1968 Students’ Movement and Massacre
#YoSoy132 March During the 2012 PresidentialElectoral Campaign of Enrique Peña Nieto
Surveying Student Protest Participation
Predicting Protest Participation Between Ritual and Reactive Students’ Demonstrations
Conclusions
References
3 Contentious Institutionalized Movements: The Case of the Student Movement in Quebec
Introduction
Unpacking Institutionalization
Research Method
The Student Movement in Quebec: Institutionalization and Disruption
Fragmented Institutionalization and the Legacy of the 1983 Act
Alliances as Support Systems
Conclusion
References
4 Structuring the “Structureless” and Leading the “Leaderless”: Power and Organization in the Student Movement at the University of California
Introduction
Direct Democracy, Horizontalism, and Prefiguration in Contemporary Movements
Perspectives on Horizontalism and Direct Democracy in the UC Movement
“Do-Ocracy” or Hidden Oligarchy? Leadership, Power, and Exclusion in the UC Movement
Structure or Fluidity: Why Do Participants Choose the Organizational Forms They Do?
Conclusion
References
5 Tweeting #FeesMustFall: The Online Life and Offline Protests of a Networked Student Movement
Introduction
Understanding #FeesMustFall: Neoliberal realities in South African Higher Education
Conceptualizing an Internet-Age Networked Movement
Methodology and Empirical Data
Case Institutions and Interview Data
Twitter Data
Protest Event Data
#FeesMustFall—A Hashtag’s Story
The #FeesMustFall Network
A Distributed, Multi-nodal, and Flat Network
#FeesMustFall Trending
A Social Media Divide in the Movement Landscape?
A Networked Student Movement: #WitsFeesMustFall et al.
Conclusion
References
6 Movement Leadership in an Era of Connective Action: A Study of Hong Kong’s Student-Led Umbrella Movement
Introduction
Movement Leadership under Connective Actions
How Movement Leadership Emerges and Acquires Authority
Movement Leadership in an Era of Connective Action
Student Leadership in Hong Kong Umbrella Movement
Formation of the Student Leadership Under a Decentralized Structure
Digital Activism and Leadership Responses
Looking for a Way Out
The End of the Umbrella Movement and its Ripples
Concluding Remarks
References
7 From the Classrooms to the Roofs: The 2010 University Researchers’ Movement in Italy
Introduction
Theories, Frameworks, and Previous Researches
Methods and Sources
The Chronology of the Mobilization: “riding the Dream”
The Organizational Form and the Action Repertoire
An (Inter)networked Participatory Organization
Repertoires and Logics of Action: From the “Unavailability for Teaching” to the “Climbing on Roofs”
The Logic of Damage: The “Unavailability for Teaching”
The Logic of Numbers: Many But Not Enough
The Logic of Bearing Witness: The “Climbing on University Roofs”
Concluding Remarks
References
8 Worker–Student Unity Against Outsourcing at the University of Johannesburg: Disrupting the Neoliberal Paradigm Through Direct Action and Alternative Relations
Introduction
Literature on FMF-EO and Alternative Lens
Research Methods
FMF-EO in Its Historical Period: Main Outcomes of the Neoliberal Trend in HEIs
The Unfolding of Worker–Student Unity in UJ
Worker–Student Unity in Action: Mutual Legitimacy and Scope
The Foundations of Worker–Student Unity in Action
Unprecedented but Precarious Outcomes
Conclusion
References
9 From Revolt to Reform: Student Protests and the Higher Education Agenda in England 2009–2019
Introduction
Gaining Influence: Movements, Alliances, and Policy Change
Cooperation and Alliances in Social Movements
Assessing the Policy Influence of Movements
English Student Protests and Higher Education Reforms
English Higher Education Reforms
Student Resistance and Protests in England
Methodology
Student Protests and Higher Education Reforms England 2009/19
The Rise and Fall of Anti-Austerity Student Activism [2009–2014]
Rising Fees and the Revival of Student Activism [2009–2011]
Fragmentation and New Student Struggles [2011–2014]
New Reforms and the Rise and Fall of Corbynism [2015–2019]
The New Higher Education Act and New Resistances
Student Activists and the Rise and Fall Corbynism [2015–2019]
Discussion and Conclusion
References
10 Chile’s Student Movement: Strong, Detached, Influential—And Declining?
Introduction
Strengthening, detachment, and Influencing
Transitioning to Democracy
The Sluggish 1990s
The Emergence of Autonomist Forces
The 2001 mochilazo Protests
The 2006 pingüino Protests
The 2011–2012 Protests
Strengthening the Movement
Detaching the Movement from Polity Members
Influencing the Government Through Popularity Threats
A Movement in Decline?
Conclusions
References
11 Ever Failed? Fail Again, Fail Better: Tuition Protests in Germany, Turkey, and the United States
Introduction
Collective Memory, Movement Outcomes, and Alliance Building
Case Selection
Germany
Turkey
United States
Conclusion
References
Index