This book analyzes the central vision of three student movements organized by different generations of Kosovo Albanian students in 1968, 1981 and 1997. By examining the dynamics of the demonstrations, the author explores the dimensions, forms and implications of student uprisings and resistance, as well as the struggles for dominance by local (Kosovo), federal (SFRY), regional (Albania and Serbia) and international actors (outside the Balkans). While these demonstrations were organized by students, the book shows that these were not necessarily academic but political, highlighting the impact that students had on society to demonstrate. It examines how the vision for “Republic” status or independence impacted the first and subsequent student movements. Moreover, due to the richness of the empirical data included, this book contributes toward further discussions on social movements, nationalism and state theories.
Author(s): Atdhe Hetemi
Series: Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 273
City: Cham
Series Editors’ Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
List of Figures
1 Introduction
1.1 Mapping the Process and Unpacking the Topic
1.2 Theoretical Aspects Relevant to This Research
1.3 Accounting for the Methodological Frameworks of This Study
1.4 Literature Review Framework: Assessing Social Movements and Protests
1.4.1 The Goals and Pathways of Social Movements
1.4.2 Different Disciplinary Approaches to Research the Variability of Social Movements
1.5 Conclusions
References
2 Uneasy Liaison: Albanians and South Slavs in the Former Yugoslavia
2.1 Application of Orientalist and Balkanist Theoretical Lenses to Albanians in Yugoslavia
2.2 Connections Between Orientalism and Balkanism: Zooming onto the Balkans
2.3 Self-Definitions: Albanians’ Non-Slavic Labels and Points of Origin
2.4 South Slavic Majority’s Perception of Albanians Within Yugoslavia
2.5 Historical Disputes Over Education in Kosovo
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Social Movements Between Demands for Social Change, Justice, and Nationalism (the 1960s)
3.1 The Emergence of Student Movements in the 1960s
3.1.1 Student Chaos in Belgrade (June 1968)
3.1.2 In Search of a Better Communism
3.1.3 The Belgrade Demonstrations’ Influence on Other Regions
3.2 Student Protest in Kosovo (1968) and the Establishment of the University of Prishtina
3.2.1 The Genealogy of the University of Prishtina
3.2.2 Before the Demonstrations in Kosovo: Preparations, Slogans, and Other Details
3.2.3 During the Demonstrations
3.2.4 After the Demonstrations in Kosovo
3.3 Internal Political Challenges for the Establishment of the UP
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 The University of Prishtina (UP): Between Politics and Academia
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Influences of the SFRY and the Republic of Albania at the UP
4.2.1 Implementation of the Agreement Between the UP and the UT
4.2.2 The UP: Between Dissemination of Knowledge and Ideology
4.3 Political Trajectories and the Ethnonational Awareness of Albanians in SFRY
4.4 Tito’s Death and the Political Circumstances That Influenced the 1981 Uprisings in Kosovo
4.4.1 Before the Demonstrations: Preparations and Genesis
4.4.2 During Demonstrations: Actions and Reactions
4.4.2.1 The March 26, 1981 Demonstrations: A Proper Articulation of Slogans
4.4.2.2 The Bloody April of 1981
4.4.3 After the Demonstrations: Crime and Punishment
4.4.4 Who Was Behind the Demonstrations of 1981?
4.5 Conclusions
References
5 Propaganda: Different Responses to the 1981 Demonstrations
5.1 Propaganda Machines and Their Influence
5.2 Kosovo Actions
5.3 Serbia’s Actions
5.4 Albania’s Actions
5.5 The International Spread of Propagandistic Actions
5.6 Conclusions
References
6 The Unfolding of Kosovar Activism in the 1990s
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Roots of Unity: LDK, Rugova and the Parallel State
6.3 The University of Prishtina: A Symbol of Resistance yet Again
6.4 Boys from the Village (Katunar9)
6.4.1 Before the Demonstrations
6.4.2 During the Demonstrations
6.4.3 After the Demonstrations
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Conclusions
References
Epilogue
References
Index
