Stern's Introductory plant biology

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Bidlack, James E._ Jansky, Shelley H. - Stern’s introductory plant biology (2018)
Cover
Plant Biology
Contents in Brief
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 What Is Plant Biology?
Overview
Learning Outcomes
KEY THEME: Ecology Who Needs Plants?
The Relationship of Humans to Their Environment
Botany as a Science
Diversification of Plant Study
Plant Biology on the Internet
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 2 The Nature of Life
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Attributes of Living Organisms
Chemical and Physical Bases of Life
KEY THEME: molecular The Skinny on Fats
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
ADDITIONAL READING
Learning Online
Chapter 3 Cells
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Cells
Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Structure and Communication
Cellular Components
Cellular Reproduction
Microscapes
Higher Plant Cells versus Animal Cells
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 4 Tissues
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Meristematic Tissues
KEY THEME: molecular Chimeras and Variegated Leaves
Tissues Produced by Meristems
KEY THEME: Ecology Plants and Environment
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 5 Roots and Soils
Overview
Learning Outcomes
How Roots Develop
Root Structure
Specialized Roots
KEY THEME: Ecology Plants Need Roots
Mycorrhizae
Root Nodules
Human Relevance of Roots
Soils
KEY THEME: Ecology Metal-Munching Plants
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 6 Stems
Overview
Learning Outcomes
External Form of a Woody Twig
Origin and Development of Stems
KEY THEME: Ecology Standing in Fields of Stone
Tissue Patterns in Stems
KEY THEME: Ecology Dendroclimatology
Specialized Stems
Wood and Its Uses
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 7 Leaves
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Leaf Arrangements and Types
Internal Structure of Leaves
Stomata
Mesophyll and Veins
Specialized Leaves
KEY THEME: Ecology More on Leaf Structure
Autumnal Changes in Leaf Color
Abscission
Human and Ecological Relevance of Leaves
Glass Cuts from Grass?
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 8 Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Differences between Dicots and Monocots
Structure of Flowers
Fruits
KEY THEME: Ecology Goober Peas
Fruit and Seed Dispersal
Seeds
The Seed That Slept for 1,200 Years
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 9 Water in Plants
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Molecular Movement
Measuring Water Potential and Psychrometry
Water and Its Movement through the Plant
Regulation of Transpiration
Transport of Food Substances (Organic Solutes) in Solution
Mineral Requirements for Growth
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 10 Plant Metabolism
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Enzymes and Energy Transfer
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis and Pizza
Respiration
Additional Metabolic Pathways
Assimilation and Digestion
Summary
KEY THEME: Ecology Photosynthesis, Global Warming, and Tropical Rain Forests
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 11 Growth and Development
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Nutrients, Vitamins, and Hormones
Plant Hormones beyond “The Classic Five”
Hormonal Interactions
Other Hormonal Interactions
Plant Movements
Photoperiodism
Phytochromes and Cryptochromes
A Flowering Hormone?
Temperature and Growth
Dormancy and Quiescence
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 12 Meiosis and Alternation of Generations
Overview
Learning Outcomes
The Phases of Meiosis
KEY THEME: evolution Why Plants Have Sex Lives
Alternation of Generations
KEY THEME: molecular FISH and GISH Molecular Techniques
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 13 Genetics and Molecular Biology
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Molecular Genetics
KEY THEME: molecular Massive DNA Sequencing
KEY THEME: molecular The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Cytogenetics
Mendelian Genetics
Quantitative Traits
Extranuclear Dna
Linkage and Mapping
The Hardy-Weinberg Law
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 14 Plant Breeding, Propagation, and Biotechnology
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Crop Plant Evolution
Plant Breeding
KEY THEME: molecular Genome Editing
Plant Propagation
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 15 Evolution
Overview
Learning Outcomes
An Introduction to Evolution
A Brief Overview of the Early Development of Evolutionary Concepts
Charles Darwin
Evidence for Evolution
Microevolution—Evolution within Species
Rates of Evolution
Macroevolution—How Species Evolve
The Role of Polyploidy in Evolution
Discussion
KEY THEME: evolution Our Daily Bread
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 16 Plant Names and Classification
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Development of the Binomial System of Nomenclature
Development of the Kingdom Concept
Classification of Major Groups
Species Concepts
A Key to Major Groups of Organisms (Exclusive of Kingdom Animalia)
The Future of Plant Classification
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 17 Domain (Kingdom) Bacteria, Domain (Kingdom) Archaea, and Viruses
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Features of Domains (Kingdoms) Bacteria and Archaea
Domain (Kingdom) Bacteria—the True Bacteria
Human Relevance of the Unpigmented, Purple, and Green Sulfur Bacteria
KEY THEME: Ecology The Social Life of Prokaryotes
Class Cyanobacteriae—the Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Bacteria)
KEY THEME: Ecology Cyanobacteria and Algae Blooms
Class Prochlorobacteriae—the Prochlorobacteria
Domain (Kingdom) Archaea—the Archaebacteria
Viruses
KEY THEME : molecular Plant Viruses
Viroids and Prions
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 18 Kingdom Protista
Overview
Learning Outcomes
KEY THEME: evolution Green Plant Phylogeny
Features of Kingdom Protista
Algae
Phylum Chlorophyta—the Green Algae
Phylum Chromophyta—the Yellow-Green Algae, Golden-Brown Algae, Diatoms, and Brown Algae
Phylum Rhodophyta—the Red Algae
Phylum Euglenophyta—the Euglenoids
Phylum Dinophyta—the Dinoflagellates
Phylum Cryptophyta—the Cryptomonads
Phylum Prymnesiophyta (Haptophyta)—the Haptophytes
Phylum Charophyta—the Stoneworts
KEY THEME: Ecology Biofuels from Algae
Human and Ecological Relevance of the Algae
Other Members of Kingdom Protista
Phylum Myxomycota—the Plasmodial Slime Molds
Phylum Dictyosteliomycota—the Cellular Slime Molds
Phylum Oomycota—the Water Molds
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 19 Kingdom Fungi
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Distinctions between Kingdoms Protista and Fungi
Kingdom Fungi
Lichens
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 20 Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Introduction to the Bryophytes
Phylum Hepaticophyta—Liverworts
Phylum Anthocerophyta—Hornworts
Phylum Bryophyta—Mosses
KEY THEME: Ecology Hibernating Mosses
Human and Ecological Relevance of Bryophytes
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 21 The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Phylum Psilotophyta—the Whisk Ferns
Phylum Lycophyta—the Ground Pines, Spike Mosses, and Quillworts
Phylum Equisetophyta—the Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
Phylum Polypodiophyta—the Ferns
Fossils
KEY THEME: Ecology Ferns and Fossil Fuels
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 22 Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Phylum Pinophyta—the Conifers
KEY THEME: Ecology Resilient and Useful Gymnosperms
Other Gymnosperms
Human Relevance of Gymnosperms
KEY THEME: evolution A Living Fossil?
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 23 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Phylum Magnoliophyta—the Flowering Plants
KEY THEME: molecular The Difference between “n” and “x” in Plant Life Cycles
Pollination Ecology
Herbaria and Plant Preservation
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 24 Flowering Plants and Civilization
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Origin of Cultivated Plants
Selected Families of Flowering Plants
Dicots (Now Recognized in Two Groups)
Monocots
KEY THEME: ecology Wild Rice—More Than Just Food
KEY THEME: ecology Coffee and Caffeine
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 25 Ecology
Overview
Learning Outcomes
Plants and the Environment
Life Histories
Natural Cycles
Succession
KEY THEME: ecology Plant Population Ecology
Impact of Humans on Plant Communities
Loss of Biodiversity
Restoration of the Land
KEY THEME: ecology John Muir, Father of America’s National Park System
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Chapter 26 Biomes
Overview
Learning Outcome
Major Biomes of the World
KEY THEME: ecology Alpine Flora as an Indication of Climate Change: The GLORIA Project
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online
Appendix 1 Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
Appendix 2 Biological Controls
General Controls
Specific Controls
Companion Planting
Additional Reading
Appendix 3 Useful and Poisonous Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Wild Edible Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Poisonous Plants and Fungi
Medicinal Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Hallucinogenic Plants
Spice Plants
Dye Plants
Additional Reading
Appendix 4 House Plants and Home Gardening
Growing House Plants
Common House Plants
Growing Vegetables
Common Vegetables andtheir Nutritional Values
Pruning
Major Types of Grafting
Additional Reading
Appendix 5 Metric Equivalentsand Conversion Tables
Appendix 6 Periodic Table of the Elements
Glossary
Index