Patients with kidney disease often find it difficult to understand and undertake the lifestyle changes that will help them stay as healthy as possible. This book offers patients information and guidance on how to stay healthy with kidney disease in a clear, comprehensive, and encouraging way. The first section explains the basics of the disease and how it interacts with other common health issues, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and aging. The second section breaks down the changes a patient can make to their exercise, treatment, and diet to maximize their kidney function, including helpful tips and healthy recipes.
Written by top nephrologists with experience writing for non-specialists, this easy-to-read guide will help kidney disease patients and caregivers manage the illness and keep patients healthy.
Author(s): Stephen Z. Fadem
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 155
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction to Kidney Disease
Introduction
How Do the Kidneys Work, and What Happens When They Do Not Work?
The Glomerulus
The Nephron
How Can We Measure Kidney Function?
Reversible Kidney Tests and False Positives
How Is Kidney Disease Classified?
What Are the Different Types of Chronic Kidney Disease?
Acute Kidney Injury
How Can I Prevent Complications, Delay Disease Progression, and Live a Good Quality of Life?
References
Chapter 2: Aging: Challenges and Interventions
References
Chapter 3: The Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease
The Heart, Lungs, and Kidneys Work Together
Mineral Metabolism and the Kidney
How Does This Affect the Heart?
Atherosclerosis
Heart Failure
References
Chapter 4: Diabetes and Kidney Disease
Strategies to Slow the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Blockade - Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBS) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi)
Medications Showing Promise: Finerenone, GLP1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Bardoxolone
Metformin
Finerenone
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Glucagon-Like Protein-1 (GLP1) Receptor Agonists
Bardoxolone
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Potassium Management Specific to Diabetes
Nutrition Management to Control the Blood Sugar
Smoking Cessation
Exercise
Reducing Diabetic Complications
References
Chapter 5: Hypertension and Kidney Disease
CKD Causes Hypertension, Not the Other Way Around
Treating Blood Pressure Prevents Strokes and Heart Disease, but Will It Help the Kidneys?
Malignant Hypertension
How High Blood Pressure Damages the Body
Central Aortic Pressure
APOL-1 Gene Variants
Therapy for Hypertension
SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Inflammation in Kidney Disease Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis
Types of Glomerulonephritis
Minimal Change Glomerulonephritis
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Membranous Nephropathy (MN)
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
IgA Nephropathy
ANCA Nephritis
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease
Lupus Nephritis (LN)
Inflammation and Diabetes and Hypertension
References
Chapter 7: Diet to Preserve Kidney Function
Part 1: Plant-Based Diet in Kidney Disease
Part 2: Metabolic Acidosis can be Controlled by Eating Fruits and Vegetables
Part 3: Body Mass Control
Part 4: Sodium
Part 5: Phosphorus Management
Part 6: Potassium Management
Part 7: Caloric Restriction
Part 8: Flavonoids and Antioxidants
Part 9: Supplements for Kidney Patients
What Are Ketoanalogues?
What is the Current Recommendation for the Low-Protein Diet Plus KA Supplements?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Healthy Diet for Kidney Function
The Functions of Food
Consequences of Excess
Consider the United States Dietary Guidelines for Adults
Some Suggestions for Successfully Meeting the Guidelines
When a Healthy Diet Needs to Be Adjusted: Kidney Disease
A few recipes as examples of the adjustments for kidney disease
Quick Ramen-Like Soup with Baby Bok Choy and Mushrooms: Four Servings
Thin-Crust Pizza
Sauce, Enough for Two Pizzas Plus Extraa
Cheese, Enough for Two Pizzas
References
Chapter 9: Muscle Breakdown in Kidney Disease: Mechanisms and Management Strategies
Introduction
Mechanisms Causing Muscle Protein Building and Degradation
References
Chapter 10: Exercises for People with Chronic Kidney Disease and Seniors
What Are the Benefits of Exercise?
CKD Patients and Exercise
About Exercise
A Few Tips Before You Begin
Walking
Core Exercises
Upper Body Exercises
Lower Body Exercises
Stretching
Summary
Reference
Chapter 11: Falls in CKD Patients and Seniors: Causes and Prevention
Introduction
Why People Fall
Who Is at Risk?
Strategies to Prevent Falls
Standing on One Leg
Single Leg Balance Dumbbell Shoulder Press
BOSU Squats
Here Are a Few Tips to Help Prevent Falls
References
Chapter 12: Medications to Avoid with Chronic Kidney Disease
Introduction
Drugs Where the Dose Should Be Reduced or Avoided
Drugs that Are Toxic to the Kidneys
Risks of Certain Medications
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Available Treatments If My Kidneys Do Fail
Introduction
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Kidney Transplantation
Summary
References
Chapter 14: Appendix: The Cell and the Kidney
Introduction
A Typical Cell
Inflammation and Obesity
What Are Mitochondria?
How Mitochondria Work
The Story of mTOR
MTOR and AMPK
The Recycling Systems: Ubiquitin and Autophagy
Calculators and the Kidney
The eGFR Calculator
Body Mass Index
24 Hour Urine Urea Nitrogen
Implications for Kidney Disease
Inflammation
Eating and Insulin
Aerobic Exercise and Calorie Restriction
Resistance Exercise
Sirt Foods and Flavonoids
Vitamins B2, B3, Coenzyme Q10
Calculators
References
Index
