Statistics Essentials For Dummies (9781119590309) was previously published as Statistics Essentials For Dummies (9780470618394). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. Statistics Essentials For Dummies not only provides students enrolled in Statistics I with an excellent high-level overview of key concepts, but it also serves as a reference or refresher for students in upper-level statistics courses. Free of review and ramp-up material, Statistics Essentials For Dummies sticks to the point, with content focused on key course topics only. It provides discrete explanations of essential concepts taught in a typical first semester college-level statistics course, from odds and error margins to confidence intervals and conclusions. This guide is also a perfect reference for parents who need to review critical statistics concepts as they help high school students with homework assignments, as well as for adult learners headed back into the classroom who just need a refresher of the core concepts.
Author(s): Deborah J. Rumsey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Year: 2019
Language: English
Commentary: TruePDF
Pages: 195
Tags: Statistics
Title Page
......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 7
About This Book......Page 13
Icons Used in This Book......Page 14
Where to Go from Here......Page 15
Surveys......Page 17
Experiments......Page 18
Selecting a good sample......Page 19
Descriptive statistics......Page 20
Charts and graphs......Page 21
Making Conclusions......Page 22
Types of Data......Page 25
Counts and Percents......Page 26
Measures of Center......Page 27
Measures of Variability......Page 29
Percentiles......Page 30
Finding a percentile......Page 31
Interpreting percentiles......Page 32
The Five-Number Summary......Page 33
Pie Charts......Page 35
Bar Graphs......Page 36
Time Charts......Page 38
Making a histogram......Page 39
Interpreting a histogram......Page 41
Evaluating a histogram......Page 42
Making a boxplot......Page 43
Interpreting a boxplot......Page 44
Characteristics of a Binomial......Page 47
Non-binomial examples......Page 48
Finding Binomial Probabilities Using the Formula......Page 50
Finding probabilities when p≤0.50
......Page 52
Finding probabilities when p>0.50
......Page 53
Finding probabilities for X greater-than, less-than, or between two values......Page 54
The Expected Value and Variance of the Binomial......Page 55
Basics of the Normal Distribution......Page 57
The Standard Normal (Z) Distribution......Page 58
Finding Probabilities for X......Page 60
Finding X for a Given Probability......Page 63
Normal Approximation to the Binomial......Page 65
Sampling Distributions......Page 67
The mean of a sampling distribution......Page 68
Standard error of a sampling distribution......Page 69
Sample size and standard error......Page 70
The shape......Page 72
Finding Probabilities for X
......Page 74
The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion......Page 75
What proportion of students need math help?......Page 76
Finding Probabilities for p
......Page 78
Making Your Best Guesstimate......Page 81
The Goal: Small Margin of Error......Page 83
Choosing a Confidence Level......Page 84
Factoring in the Sample Size......Page 85
Counting on Population Variability......Page 87
Confidence Interval for a Population Mean......Page 88
Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion......Page 89
Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means......Page 90
Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions......Page 92
Interpreting Confidence Intervals......Page 93
Spotting Misleading Confidence Intervals......Page 96
Doing a Hypothesis Test......Page 99
Setting up the hypotheses......Page 100
Standardizing the evidence: The test statistic......Page 102
Weighing the evidence and making decisions: p-values......Page 103
Testing One Population Mean......Page 106
Testing One Population Proportion......Page 108
Comparing Two Population Means......Page 109
Testing the Mean Difference: Paired Data......Page 111
Testing Two Population Proportions......Page 114
A false alarm: Type-1 error......Page 116
A missed detection: Type-2 error......Page 117
Basics of the t-Distribution......Page 119
Understanding the t-Table......Page 120
t-Distributions and Hypothesis Tests......Page 121
Finding p-values......Page 122
t-Distributions and Confidence Intervals......Page 123
Picturing the Relationship with a Scatterplot......Page 125
Interpreting a scatterplot......Page 126
Calculating the correlation......Page 127
Interpreting the correlation......Page 129
Finding the Regression Line......Page 130
Understanding the equation......Page 131
Finding the slope......Page 132
Interpreting the slope and y-intercept......Page 133
Avoid Extrapolation!......Page 136
Correlation Doesn’t Necessarily Mean Cause-and-Effect......Page 137
Organizing and Interpreting a Two-Way Table......Page 139
Setting up the rows and columns......Page 140
Finding the row, column, and grand totals......Page 141
Figuring joint probabilities......Page 142
Calculating marginal probabilities......Page 143
Finding conditional probabilities......Page 144
Checking for Independence......Page 146
Chapter 12
A Checklist for Samples and Surveys......Page 149
The Sample Matches the Target Population......Page 150
The Sample Size Is Large Enough......Page 151
The importance of following up......Page 152
Anonymity versus confidentiality......Page 153
Questions Are Well Worded......Page 154
Personnel Are Well Trained......Page 155
Proper Conclusions Are Made......Page 156
Experiments versus Observational Studies......Page 159
Small samples — small conclusions......Page 160
Examine the Subjects......Page 161
Gauge the Placebo Effect......Page 162
Identify Confounding Variables......Page 163
Assess Data Quality......Page 164
Scrutinize the Conclusions......Page 165
Generalizing beyond the scope......Page 166
Misleading Graphs......Page 167
Time charts......Page 168
Biased Data......Page 169
Nonrandom Samples......Page 170
Misinterpreted Correlations......Page 171
Confounding Variables......Page 172
Selectively Reporting Results......Page 173
The Almighty Anecdote......Page 174
Appendix Tables for Reference......Page 175
Index......Page 183
EULA......Page 195
