This volume examines comparatively the views and principles of seven prominent ethical traditions on the issue of the making of state and national boundaries. The traditions represented are Judaism, Christianity, Islam, natural law, Confucianism, liberalism and international law. Each contributor is an expert within one of these traditions and demonstrates how that tradition can handle the five dominant methods of altering state and national boundaries: conquest, settlement, purchase, inheritance and secession. Readers range from upper-level undergraduates to scholars in philosophy, political science, international relations and comparative religion.
Author(s): Allen Buchanan, Margaret Moore
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 376
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
About the Contributors......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 15
1 Introduction: The Making and Unmaking of Boundaries......Page 17
1. The Problem of Defining a Tradition and Theorizing about Traditions......Page 19
2. Ethical Traditions, Boundaries, and Territory......Page 22
3. Structure of the Volume......Page 28
Notes to Chapter 1......Page 30
PART 1 THE JEWISH TRADITION......Page 33
Introduction......Page 35
The Idea of a Holy Land......Page 37
Borders......Page 39
A. Biblical Norms......Page 40
B. Rabbinic Attitudes......Page 42
Settlement, Purchase, and Inheritance......Page 43
Secession......Page 45
State of Israel or Land of Israel......Page 47
Conclusion: Territory as a Value......Page 49
Notes to Chapter 2......Page 50
1. Holiness and Boundaries......Page 57
2. Ownership......Page 60
3. Applying Universal Principles: The Principle of Conquest......Page 62
Notes to Chapter 3......Page 67
PART 2 THE CONFUCIAN TRADITION......Page 71
1. Introduction......Page 73
2. Does Classical Confucianism Allow for (Justifiable) Territorial Boundaries Between States?......Page 74
3. On the Selection of Feasible and Desirable Confucian Values......Page 78
4. General Confucian Principles that Govern the Making and Unmaking of Territorial Boundaries......Page 79
4.2 Pluralism within Unity......Page 80
4.3 The Importance of a Virtuous Ruler......Page 83
5.1 Settlement......Page 84
5.2 Inheritance......Page 86
5.3 Sale-Purchase......Page 87
5.4 Conquest......Page 88
5.5 Secession......Page 89
6. Conclusion......Page 90
Notes to Chapter 4......Page 92
1. Introduction......Page 102
2. Confucian Governance as Family Relations......Page 103
3. Conquest and Sale-Purchase: From ‘‘Cherishing Men from Afar” to Extraterritoriality......Page 106
4. Secession: From “Brush-Talking” and “Shared Civilization” to Translation and Difference......Page 108
5. Settlement and Inheritance: From Datong to Diaspora to Greater China......Page 111
6. Conclusion......Page 112
Notes to Chapter 5......Page 113
PART 3 THE CHRISTIAN TRADITION......Page 117
1. Principles......Page 119
2. Settlement......Page 126
3. Inheritance......Page 132
4. Sale-Purchase......Page 133
5. Conquest......Page 134
7. Conclusions......Page 138
Notes to Chapter 6......Page 140
7 Christianity and Territorial Right......Page 143
1. The Early Christian Response to the Territorial Conceptions of Ancient Judaism......Page 144
2. The Development of a Christian Constitutional Conception......Page 147
3. The Restricted Place of Territory within Christian Constitutional Conceptions......Page 150
4. The Confusion of Property and Jurisdiction......Page 152
Notes to Chapter 7......Page 155
PART 4 THE NATURAL LAW TRADITION......Page 157
1. The Ancient Background......Page 159
2. The Relationships of Post-Roman Kingdoms: Union, Conquest, and Secession......Page 162
3. Was There a World Ruler?......Page 164
4. The Rights of Non-Agricultural Peoples......Page 170
Notes to Chapter 8......Page 181
1. Introduction......Page 187
2......Page 189
Notes to Chapter 9......Page 192
PART 5 THE ISLAMIC TRADITION......Page 195
10 Political Boundaries and Moral Communities: Islamic Perspectives......Page 197
Social Boundaries in the Qur’an and Sunna......Page 199
Sacred Space in the Qur’an and Sunna......Page 202
Political Boundaries in the Qur’an and Sunna......Page 210
The Meaning of Dar al-Islam......Page 212
The Expansion and Contraction of Dar al-Islam: Settlement, Conquest, and Migration......Page 214
The Fragmentation of Dar al-Islam: Secession......Page 218
Notes to Chapter 10......Page 222
11 The Unbounded Law of God and Territorial Boundaries......Page 230
1. Territory as Homeland in the Qur’an......Page 236
2. Territoriality and Universality of Shari’ah......Page 237
3. Rebellion and Secession......Page 239
4. Spatial Boundaries......Page 240
5. Conclusion......Page 241
Notes to Chapter 11......Page 242
PART 6 THE LIBERAL TRADITION......Page 245
How to Ignore Them......Page 247
Confusing Property in Land with Territory......Page 248
The Concept of a Jurisdiction......Page 249
Liberal Democratic Theory: The Peoples’ Territory......Page 250
Distinguishing Rights to Make Rules Within a Jurisdiction from Rights to Create or Alter Jurisdictions......Page 251
A Major Complication......Page 252
3. Settlement as a Mode of Incorporation......Page 253
Settlement and Customary Rights to Land......Page 256
4. Conquest......Page 258
5. Alienation of Territory (exchange, sale, gift)......Page 260
Types of Secession, Theories of the Right to Secede......Page 262
Remedial Right-Only Theories......Page 263
Primary Right Theories......Page 264
Arguments for the Plebiscitary Right View......Page 268
Consent......Page 269
Freedom of Association......Page 270
Democracy......Page 272
Notes to Chapter 12......Page 274
13 Liberalism and Boundaries: A Response to Allen Buchanan......Page 278
Notes to Chapter 13......Page 287
PART 7 THE INTERNATIONAL LAW TRADITION......Page 289
14 International Law and the Making and Unmaking of Boundaries......Page 291
1. Law as an Ethical System......Page 292
Pluralist Statist......Page 294
Solidarist Statist......Page 296
The Law of a Transnational Society......Page 301
3. Settlement, Inheritance, and Sale/Purchase......Page 303
4. Conquest......Page 305
5. Secession......Page 307
Notes to Chapter 14......Page 312
15 People and Boundaries: An “Internationalized Public Law” Approach......Page 314
1. The Pluralism/Solidarism/Transnationalism Heuristic......Page 315
2. Internationalized Public Law......Page 319
3. Settlement......Page 320
4. Inheritance......Page 324
5. Voluntary Transfer (Sale and Purchase)......Page 325
6. Conquest......Page 327
7. Secession......Page 328
Notes to Chapter 15......Page 329
1. Conquest......Page 333
2. Settlement......Page 337
3. Sales/Purchase and 4. Inheritance......Page 344
5. Secession......Page 347
Conclusion......Page 351
Notes to Chapter 16......Page 352
Index......Page 355
