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State Support Of Religious Education: Canada Versus the United Nations (Studies in Religion, Secular Beliefs and Human Rights)

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This book is an essential tool for those interested in the vital relationship between international human rights law and domestic policy. It explores this subject in the context of public funding for religious education in Canada, an area of controversy for well over a hundred years. This work provides in one volume a unique set of source documents concerning the legal and political history of religious education in a multicultural environment and especially in Ontario, Canada's largest province. It makes available for the first time a complete set of documents concerning the international litigation which has occurred between the Canadian government and its citizens, who have been seriously affected by entrenched religious discrimination. An introductory essay provides an overview of how religious discrimination forms the backbone of Ontario's education system. Having failed to remedy such discrimination in Canadian courts, the UN Human Rights Committee provided a mechanism to address this breach of Canada's international legal obligations. The volume is an expose of the process and the consequences of international human rights litigation before the UN Committee, and will be of special interest to others seeking to take cases of human rights violations forward to the international level. Canadian policy makers and analysts will consider this collection an invaluable resource for future consideration of the public funding of religious education in Canada, still unresolved after 135 years.

Author(s): Anne F. Bayefsky, Arieh Waldman
Year: 2006

Language: English
Pages: 1116

Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 14
(a) History of Religious School Funding in Canada......Page 16
(b) Provincial Comparison......Page 19
(c) The Situation in Ontario......Page 28
(d) History of the Litigation in Canada......Page 32
(e) The Response of the UN Human Rights Committee......Page 36
(f) Follow-up Attempts......Page 42
(g) The Current State of Affairs......Page 46
Annex: Comparative Table of Provincial and Territorial Funding in Canada for Religious and Secular Schools......Page 48
#1 An Act to restore to Roman Catholics in Upper Canada certain rights in respect to Separate Schools, 26 Vic. Cap. 5, 5th May, 1863 (Scott Act)......Page 50
#2 Section 93, Constitution Act, 1867 (U.K.), 30 & 31 Vict., c.3, reprinted in R.S.C. 1985, App. II, No. 5......Page 60
#3 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Schedule B, Canada Act (U.K.), S.C. 1982, c. 11, Part I, Sections 1, 2, 15, 23 and 29; Part VII, Section 52......Page 66
#4(a) Constitution Amendment, 1997 (Quebec), SI/97-141, 22 December 1997, Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 132, No. 2, 21/1/98......Page 70
#4(b) Education Act, R.S.Q. 1977, c I-13.3, s. 111, as amended by S.Q 1988, c. 84, and S.Q. 1997 c. 47, s.2......Page 71
#5(a) Amendment to The Constitution of Canada: Term 17 of the Terms of Union of Newfoundland with Canada (Report). Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Issue No. 26, 17 July 1996......Page 72
#5(b) Report of the Special Joint Committee on the Amendment to Term 17 of the Terms of Union of Newfoundland with Canada, 3 December 1997......Page 126
#5(c) Constitution Amendment, 1998 (Newfoundland Act), SI/98-25, 14 January 1998, Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 132, No. 1, 14/1/98......Page 166
#7 Canadian Revenue Agency, Information Circular IC 75-23, Tuition Fees and Charitable Donations Paid to Privately Supported Secular and Religious Schools (19 September 1975)......Page 172
#8 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 999 UNTS 171 (in force 23 March 1976)......Page 176
#9 Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 999 UNTS 171 (in force 23 March 1976)......Page 194
#10 Letter from the Premier of Ontario to the Prime Minister of Canada Concerning Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties, 30 May 1969
......Page 198
#11 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 3, (1981) A/36/40, Annual Report of the UN Human Rights Committee, Annex VII......Page 200
#12 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 18, (1990) A/45/40, Volume 1, Annual Report of the UN Human Rights Committee, Annex VI......Page 202
#13 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 22, (1993) A/48/40, Volume 1, Annual Report of the UN Human Rights Committee, Annex VI......Page 206
#14 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 23, (1994) A/49/40, Volume 1, Annual Report of the UN Human Rights Committee, Annex V......Page 210
#15 Census of Canada, 1870-71, "Table II: Population by Religions, Province of Ontario", Volume I, pp. 141-145. Ottawa, 1878......Page 214
#16 Canada Yearbook, 1992. Table 3.17, Principal Religious Denominations of the Population, Selected Years, 1871-1981......Page 220
#17 2001 Census: Analysis Series – Religion in Canada, Top 10 Religious Denominations, Canada, 2001. Statistics Canada, 2003. http://www12. statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/rel/canada.cfm......Page 224
#18 2001 Census: Analysis Series – Religion in Canada, Major Religious Denominations, Canada, 1991 and 2001. Statistics Canada, 2003. http:// www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/rel/ canada.cfm......Page 226
#19 2001 Census: Analysis Series – Religion in Canada, Top 10 Religious Denominations, Ontario, 2001. Statistics Canada, 2003. http://www12. statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/rel/on.cfm......Page 228
#20 2001 Census: Analysis Series – Religion in Canada, Major Religious Denominations, Ontario, 1991 and 2001. Statistics Canada, 2003. http:// www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/rel/ on.cfm......Page 230
#21 Ontario Ministry of Education, 2000-01 Financial Statements, Total School Board Net Expenditures......Page 232
#22 Ontario (Ministry of Education), 2004. Enrolment in Publicly Funded Schools by School Type and Level in 2002-2003......Page 246
#23 Ontario (Ministry of Education), 2004. Enrolment in Private Schools by Religious Affiliation in 2002-2003......Page 248
#24 Report of the Royal Commission on Education in Ontario (The Hope Report). Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1950, Chapters I, II and XVIII only......Page 250
#25 Report of the Commission on Private Schools in Ontario (the Shapiro Report). Queen's Printer, October 1985, Chapters I-V and Appendices D, E, F and G only*......Page 312
#26 Canadian Education Association, Information Note: The Public Funding of Private Schools in Canada, February 1992......Page 562
#27 Federation of Independent Schools in Canada. An Overview of Independent Education in Canada, 2000......Page 584
#28 Re Board of Education for the Borough of North York and Ministry of Education (1978) 19 O.R. (2d) 547 (H.C.J.) (Ontario High Court of Justice), 3 April 1978; affirmed 9 April 1979 (Ont. C.A.
)......Page 594
#29 Reference re an Act to Amend the Education Act (Ontario) (1987) 40 D.L.R. (4th) 18 (S.C.C.) (The Bill 30 Case), 25 June 1987 (Supreme Court of Canada)......Page 610
#30 Re Zylberberg v. Sudbury Board of Education (Director) (1988), 65 O.R. (2d) 641, 52 D.L.R. 577 (C.A.), 23 September 1988 (Ontario Court of Appeal)......Page 646
#31 Canadian Civil Liberties Association v. Ontario (Minister of Education) (1990) 71 O.R. (2d) 341, 46 C.R.R. 316 (C.A.) 30 January 1990 (Ontario Court of Appeal)......Page 686
#32 Adler v. Ontario (1996) 140 D.L.R. (4th) 385 (S.C.C.), 21 November 1996 (Supreme Court of Canada)......Page 722
#33 Affidavits Produced for the
Adler Case, Ontario Court of Justice (General Division)......Page 784
#34 Bal v. Ontario (1994) 21 O.R. (3d) 681 (G.D.), 5 December 1994 (Ontario Court (General Division)); (1997) 34 O.R. (3d) 484 (C.A.), 6 June 1997 (Ontario Court of Appeal); L.A. to S.C.C. ref'd (1998) 227 N.R. 151n (S.C.C.), 12 February 1998......Page 828
#35 Waldman v. Canada, Author's initial submission and accompanying affidavit, 29 February 1996
......Page 858
#36 Waldman v. Canada, Government of Canada's initial reply regarding issues of the admissibility of the complaint, 27 June 1996......Page 898
#37 Third Party Submission, Letter from Ed Morgan, Counsel for Canadian Jewish Congress, 5 July 1996......Page 904
#38 United Nations Human Rights Committee, Letter from Centre for Human Rights, Communications Branch, 12 July 1996......Page 910
#39 Waldman v. Canada, Author's submission regarding admissibility, 24 September 1996......Page 912
#40 United Nations Human Rights Committee, Letter from the Centre for Human Rights, Support Services Branch, 14 October 1996......Page 916
#41 Waldman v. Canada, Author's submission regarding admissibility, 17 December 1996......Page 918
#42 Waldman v. Canada, Author's letter to Government of Canada, 11 February 1997......Page 920
#43 Waldman v. Canada, Government of Canada reply to Waldman counsel's letter of 11 February 1997, on 8 April 1997......Page 922
#44 Waldman v. Canada, Author's letter to the Human Rights Committee, 28 April 1997......Page 924
#45 United Nations Human Rights Committee, Letter from the Centre for Human Rights, Support Services Branch, 2 June 1997; Government of Canada letter to Human Rights Committee, 29 April 1997......Page 926
#46 Waldman v. Canada, Governement of Canada first reply regarding the
merits of the Waldman submission, 27 February 1998......Page 928
#47 Waldman v. Canada, Author's reply and second submission to the Human Rights Committee, 30 May 1998......Page 950
#48 Waldman v. Canada, Government of Canada second reply, 22 February 1999......Page 960
#49 Waldman v. Canada, Author's reply and third submission to the Human Rights Committee, 15 March 1999......Page 976
#50 Waldman v. Canada, Government of Canada third reply, 18 June 1999......Page 980
#51 Waldman v. Canada, Author's reply and fourth submission to the Human Rights Committee, 25 June 1999......Page 1002
#52 Ontario Catholic School Trustees' Association Proposed Intervention, 7 July 1999......Page 1004
#53 United Nations Human Rights Committee, 3 November 1999, Final Views: Waldman v. Canada, Communication No. 694/1996, A/55/40 vol. II, Annex IX.H (2000), Annual Report of the United Nations Human Rights Committee......Page 1028
#54 Government of Ontario Correspondence with the Government of Canada, 13 January 2000......Page 1046
#55 Government of Canada Correspondence with the Government of Ontario, 1 February 2000......Page 1048
#56 Government of Ontario Correspondence with the Government of Canada, 1 February 2000......Page 1050
#57 Government of Canada Correspondence with the Human Rights Committee, 3 February 2000......Page 1052
#58 Government of Canada Correspondence with Ontario Parents for Equality in Education Funding, 4 February 2000......Page 1054
#59 Correspondence of the Author, Mr. Waldman, with the Human Rights Committee, 16 February 2000......Page 1056
#60 Government of Canada Correspondence with the Author, Mr. Waldman, 5 May 2000......Page 1062
#61 Correspondence of the Author, Mr. Waldman, with the Government of Canada, 1 October 2002......Page 1064
#62 Government of Canada correspondence with the Author, Mr. Waldman, 1 April 2003......Page 1068
#63 Government of Canada correspondence with the Author, Mr. Waldman, 23 April 2003......Page 1070
#64 Correspondence of the Author, Mr. Waldman, with the Government of Canada, 11 May 2003......Page 1074
#65 Government of Canada correspondence with the Author, Mr. Waldman, 20 June 2003......Page 1076
#66 United Nations Human Rights Committee, 19 October 1999, Admissibility Decision: Tadman et al. v. Canada, Communication No. 816/1998, A/55/40 vol. II, Annex X.G (2000), Annual Report of the Human Rights Committee......Page 1078
#67(a) Responsible Choices for Growth and Prosperity Act (2001 Budget), S.O. 2001, c. 8......Page 1088
#67(b) Equity in Education Tax Credit Regulations (EETC), O. Reg. 498/01, 3 December 2001......Page 1092
#67(c) Amendments to the Equity in Education Tax Credit Regulations (EETC): O. Reg. 134/02, 12 April 2002; O. Reg. 384/02, 5 December 2002; O. Reg. 217/03, 22 May 2003; O. Reg. 340/03, 9 August 2003......Page 1096
#67(d) Keeping the Promise for a Strong Economy Act (Budget Measures), 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 22......Page 1106
#67(e) The Right Choices for Equity in Education Act (Budget Measures), 2003, S.O. 2003, c.5......Page 1108
#67(f) Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2003, S.O. 2003, c.7......Page 1110
Index......Page 1112