This book analyses major themes in twenty-first-century east African politics. Predominantly authored by researchers and academics from the region, it examines recent political developments, public policy and governance across east and southern African countries. The book advocates for a regionally-focused comparative approach across Africa, arguing that it provides a greater level of analysis than a complete continental study. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, it covers numerous topics relating to politics, public policy, state and nation-building in Africa. Filling an important void in current literature, the book will appeal to academics, practitioners, politicians and students of politics, public policy and governance.
Chapter 16 and 20 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author(s): Gedion Onyango
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 471
City: Cham
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Conceptualising State Politics in Africa
Chapter 1: Towards the Africa We Want! The Changing State Politics in Africa
Introduction
How We Understand State Politics Versus Public Policy in Eastern Africa
The Organisation of the Book
References
Chapter 2: State Politics and Public Policy in Africa: A State Transformation Perspective
Introduction
The State Versus Nation: Conceptualising the African State
State Transformation Phases
State Formation as Politics of Domination
State-Building as Politics of Consolidation
Nation-Building Politics or Politics of Participation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Divergent Identity and State Formation in Eastern Africa: Legitimacy and Policy Performance
Introduction
Theoretical Frame
Proto-State
Colonial State
National Liberation State
Legitimacy and Performance
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4: The “Boomerang Effect”: Lessons Learned from Power Sharing in Kenya and Zimbabwe
Introduction
Kenya and Zimbabwe in Data Sets of Power Sharing
Kenya and Zimbabwe in the Consociational Literature
Kenya and Zimbabwe in the Regional Literature on Power Sharing and Consociationalism
Conclusion
References
Part II: State Formation and Politics of Consolidation in Eastern Africa
Chapter 5: Secessionist Claims and State-Building: The Emergence and Trends in Eastern Africa
Introduction
Emergence and Growth of Secession Movements in Africa: An Overview
Drivers of Secessionist Movements in Eastern Africa—A Comparative Analysis
The Political Rhetoric Drivers
Ethnonationalism or Ethnic Nationalism
Prosperity and Development Narratives
Policy Recommendations to Counter Secession Claims—Towards Nation-Building Strategies
Conclusions
References
Websites
Chapter 6: Ethio-Sudanese Relations: Revisiting Civil Wars, Refugeeism and Foreign Policy in Eastern Africa
Introduction
Revisiting the Context of Refugees, Foreign Policy and Inter-State Relations in Eastern Africa
Refugees and Ethio-Sudanese Relationship During the Cold War
Refugees and Ethio-Sudanese Relationships at the Present
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Confronting Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Eastern Africa
Introduction
Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis: Wicked Repertoires of Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Eastern Africa
Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Eastern Africa: An Overview
Confronting Terrorism: A Collaborative Web of Policy Designs and Networks
Policy Formulation by National Governments
CT/PVE Gains, Challenges and Prospects
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: The People’s Defence Forces (Military) and State-Building Politics in Eastern Africa
Introduction
The Military as an Instrument in State-Building in Eastern Africa
Defence Forces and State’s Politics of Policy Implementation in East Africa
Tanzania People’s Defense Forces (TPDF) and Imperatives of Strategic Revisionism
Uganda People’s Defense Forces (UPDF) and State-Building as Security Project
Rwanda Defense Forces’ Soft and Hard Infrastructure as the Foundation of an Inclusive State
Kenya Defense Forces (KDF) and Socio-political Economy of Reconstituting of Geostrategic Bridges
Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: The Past and Present of Public Sector Reforms in Eastern Africa
Introduction
The Historical Contexts of Public Sector Reforms in Selected Eastern African States
Post-colonial Development Ideologies and Public Sector Reforms (PSRs) in Eastern Africa
The Development Paradigm of PSRs During the Independence Era
The Structural Adjustment Programmes (NPM) Era
Constitutional Reforms
PSRs in Kenya
PSRs Experiences in Rwanda
PSRs in Ethiopia
PSRs in Tanzania
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Imperilled Welfare States of Eastern Africa: A Comparative Analysis of the Policy Legacies of Taxation Politics in Kenya and Uganda
Introduction
The Problem of an Acquired Post-Colonial Tax System
The Origin of the Fiscal Kenyan and Ugandan State
Trimmed Around Inequalities: The Evolution of an Adapted Form of Fiscal State
Failed Promises: Disconnect Between Tax Policy and Social Welfare
Conclusion
References
Part III: Politics of Participation: Crafting Public Policy and Citizenship Spaces
Chapter 11: Social Cohesion, Politics and Governance in East Africa: Evidence from Afrobarometer Surveys
Introduction
Methodology
Identity and Ethnicity in the East African Region
Results and Discussion
Social Heterogeneity or Homogeneity in East Africa
Economic Well-Being and State-Society Trust
Discrimination in Religion and Ethnic Background
Trust Among the People in East Africa
Trust in Governance Institutions in East Africa
Citizens’ Approval for the Regional Integration in East Africa
Threats to Social Cohesion in East Africa
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Chapter 12: Politics of Social Protection: The Visible, Invisible and Ignored Citizens
Introduction
Theory
Methodology
The Political Economy and Social Protection Context of the Selected Eastern African Countries
Case 1: Ethiopia
Context of Social Protection in Ethiopia
The Visible, Invisible and Ignored in Ethiopian Social Protection Policy
Case 2: Kenya
Context of Social Protection in Kenya
The Visible, Invisible and Ignored in Kenya’s Social Protection Policy
Case 3: Tanzania
Context of Social Protection in Tanzania
The Visible, Invisible and Ignored in Tanzanian Social Protection Policy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: How and Why Women Legislators Miss Out on Legislative Leadership Roles: Gender Equality Policies and Legislative Influence in Kenya
Introduction
Feminist Institutionalism
Women and Politics in Kenya
Access to Leadership Positions and Legislative Effectiveness
Homosocial Capital and Substantive Representation of Women
The Proportion of the Legislative Leadership Positions Occupied by Nominated Female MCAs
Type of Positions Occupied by Nominated Female MCAs
Conclusions
References
Chapter 14: Civil Society Organisations’ Policy Entrepreneurship Roles in Kenya and Uganda’s Housing Policies
Introduction
The Policy Entrepreneurship Characteristics of CSOs
Housing Policies in Kenya and Uganda: An Overview
Housing Policy Framework in Kenya
Housing Policy Framework in Uganda
Civil Society Organisations as Policy Entrepreneurs in Housing Policies in Kenya and Uganda
Civil Society Organisations as Problem Framers
Civil Society Organisations and Team Building/Advocacy Coalition/Networks
Civil Society Organisations and Information Sharing
Civil Society Organisations’ Leading by Example Activities and Acting as Public Watchdogs
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Science and Technology and Development in Eastern Africa—From Rhetoric to Actions: Citizens’ Agency in the Implementation of STIs Policies
Introduction
Understanding STI Policy Implementation in Africa: An Overview
The History and Origin of STI Policymaking in Africa
Politics of Development in Africa
Auditing Implementation Status of STI in Eastern Africa
Case 1: Tanzania
Case 2: Rwanda
Case 3: Uganda
Case 4: Kenya
Rethinking STI Policy Implementation in Africa: Bringing Civic Participation in
The Role of Policy Entrepreneurs in the Policy Process
Framing and Communicating Non-implementation to the Public
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Climate Governance in Eastern Africa: The Challenges and Prospects of Climate Change Adaptation Policies
Introduction
Climate Change Governance in East Africa: The Policy Ecosystem
Regional Policy Ecosystems
National Policy Ecosystems
Climate Governance Challenges and Prospects for Improvement
Governance Deficits and Legacies of Bad Reforms
Conditions of Limited Statehood and Failures to Regulate the Market
Poor Conditions of Public Goods and Climate Change Policy Communication
Conclusions
References
Part IV: Regional Integration, Development Cooperation and Public Policy in Eastern Africa
Chapter 17: Intergovernmentalism Versus State-Centrism in Supra-national Governance: The Eastern Africa Economic Integration in Perspective
Introduction
The Background
The Extra-EAC Influences and State-Centrism
EU-EAC Trade Relations and Economic State-Centrism in the EAC
The EAC-UK Trade Relations and Economic State-Centrism in the EAC
The EAC-US Trade Relations and Economic State-Centrism in East Africa
EAC-China Relations and State-Centrism in Regional Trade
Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: Is the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) a Friend or Foe of East African Development?
Introduction
Theoretical Tension Between Orthodox Trade and Strategic Trade
The Official Versus the Real Purpose of FTAs (Including AfCFTA)
Key Highlights of AfCFTA
The Unanswered Question: Sleepwalking into a Disaster?
Effect of AfCFTA on East African Development Policy Spaces
Primacy of Institutional Quality as a Precursor to Effective Integration
Macro-economic Convergence
Tariff Reduction and Loss of Revenue
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: A Governance Discourse in China’s Development Finance Assistance in Eastern Africa
Introduction: Governance in Chinese Contexts
Chinese Versus African Institutional Frameworks
Inception and Costs
Procurement and Public Debt
Environmental Conservation, Compulsory Land Acquisition and Compensation
Implications for Public Policy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: The Evolution of the Political Dimension of EU Co-operation with Eastern Africa
Introduction
Election Observation, Sanctions and Democracy
Developments in Eastern Africa
EU Election Observation in Eastern Africa
Aid Conditionality
Use of the Article 96
Conclusions
References
Index
