Why have some developing countries industrialized and become more prosperous rapidly while others have not? Focusing on South Korea, Brazil, India, and Nigeria, this study compares the characteristics of fairly functioning states and explains why states in some parts of the developing world are more effective. It emphasizes the role of colonialism in leaving behind more or less effective states, and the relationship of these states with business and labor in helping explain comparative success in promoting economic progress.
Author(s): Atul Kohli
Year: 2004
Language: English
Pages: 480
Tags: Международные отношения;Регионоведение;Зарубежное регионоведение;
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Figures......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Introduction......Page 15
I. Some Clarifications......Page 16
II. The Intellectual Context......Page 18
III. The Argument......Page 22
State Types......Page 23
State Types and Patterns of Industrialization......Page 26
Patterns of State Construction......Page 30
Power for Development......Page 34
PART I GALLOPING AHEAD......Page 39
1 The Colonial Origins of a Modern Political Economy......Page 41
The Old Agrarian Bureaucracy......Page 42
Toward a Cohesive-Capitalist State......Page 46
The Police Force......Page 50
The Politics of the New State......Page 52
II. The Colonial State, Propertied Classes, and Economic Change......Page 54
Increased State Capacity......Page 55
The State and the Agrarian Sector......Page 58
The State and Industrialization......Page 62
III. The Colonial State and the Lower Classes......Page 71
2 The Rhee Interregnum......Page 76
I. Old State and New Politics......Page 77
The Colonial State Maintained......Page 78
Rhee’s Politics and Politics under Rhee......Page 82
II. The State, Economic Policy, and Economic Change......Page 87
III. Conclusion......Page 95
3 Cohesive-Capitalist State Reimposed......Page 98
I. Reimposing a Cohesive-Capitalist State......Page 99
The Political Apex Transformed......Page 101
Politics of the Cohesive-Capitalist State......Page 105
State and Business......Page 110
State and Labor......Page 112
II. The Cohesive-Capitalist State and Rapid Industrialization......Page 115
High Rates of Investment......Page 117
Deliberate Industrialization......Page 121
Export Promotion......Page 130
III. Conclusion......Page 136
PART II TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK......Page 139
4 Invited Dependency......Page 141
I. Historical Background......Page 143
II. The Old Republic (1889–1930)......Page 151
The Old Republican State......Page 152
State Intervention in the Economy......Page 158
The Pattern of Industrialization......Page 162
III. State and Industry under Vargas......Page 166
Politics and the State......Page 167
State Intervention and Industrialization......Page 175
IV. Conclusion......Page 180
5 Grow Now, Pay Later......Page 183
The State......Page 186
State Intervention in the Economy......Page 191
The Pattern of Industrialization......Page 201
II. Military Rule, Economic “Miracle,” and Beyond......Page 204
The Militarized State......Page 205
State Intervention in the Economy......Page 215
Pattern of Industrialization......Page 224
III. Conclusion......Page 228
PART III SLOW BUT STEADY......Page 233
6 Origins of a Fragmented-Multiclass State and a Sluggish Economy......Page 235
I. Historical Background......Page 237
II. Colonial State Construction......Page 242
Exercise of Power......Page 244
The Army......Page 249
The Civil Service......Page 251
III. The Nationalist Movement......Page 254
IV. The Political Economy of Limited Industrialization......Page 261
V. Conclusion......Page 269
7 India’s Fragmented-Multiclass State and Protected Industrialization......Page 271
I. The Nehru Era......Page 273
II. The Indira Gandhi Era......Page 284
III. The Probusiness Drift......Page 291
IV. Conclusion......Page 299
PART IV DASHED EXPECTATIONS......Page 303
8 Colonial Nigeria......Page 305
I. Precolonial “Nigeria”......Page 307
II. Early Colonial Phase: State Construction......Page 315
III. Early Colonial Phase: Economy and Society......Page 323
IV. Late Colonial Phase: State and Politics......Page 328
V. Late Colonial Phase: State and Economy......Page 333
VI. Conclusion......Page 340
9 Sovereign Nigeria......Page 343
I. A Poor Beginning: From Sovereignty to Civil War......Page 345
II. The Nature of Military Rule......Page 357
III. Squandering Oil Resources......Page 365
IV. A Note on Structural Adjustment......Page 373
V. Conclusion......Page 377
Conclusion......Page 381
I. Alternative Explanations......Page 382
Social Structure......Page 383
Democracy versus Authoritarianism......Page 386
The Role of Markets......Page 388
Relative Dependency......Page 392
The Cohesive-Capitalist Route......Page 395
The Neopatrimonial Route......Page 407
Fragmented-Multiclass States at the Helm......Page 413
State Formation......Page 422
State Intervention......Page 431
Normative and Prescriptive Implications......Page 434
General......Page 441
Korea......Page 444
Brazil......Page 449
India......Page 452
Nigeria......Page 455
Index......Page 461
