This multi-disciplinary book conceptualises, maps and analyses ongoing standardisation processes of risk issues across various sectors, processes and practices.
Standards are not only technical specifications and guidelines to support efficient risk governance, but also contain social, political, economic and organizational aspects. This book presents a variety of standardization processes and applications of standards that may influence our judgements of risk, the organizing of risk governance, and accordingly our ways of behaviour. Standardization and standards can impact risk governance in different ways. The most important lessons drawn from the present volume can be summarized under three areas: (a) how standardization might impact on power relations and interests; (b) how standardization may change flexibility in decision-making, communication, and cooperation; and (c) how standardization could (re)direct attention and risk perception.
The volume's purpose is to present an analysis of standardisation processes and how it impacts on our thinking about risk, how we organise risk governance and how standardisation may influence on risk management. In so doing, it contributes to a more informed discourse regarding the use of standards and standardisation in contemporary risk management.
This book will be of much interest to students of risk, standardisation, global governance and critical security studies.
Author(s): Odd Einar Olsen; Kirsten Voigt Juhl; Preben H. Lindøe; Ole Andreas Engen
Series: Routledge New Security Studies
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: xvi+290
Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Notes on contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: The standardization of risk governance
Introduction
Risk in the real world and risk as concepts
Standards and standardization
Standardization of risk governance
The invisible standardization of risk
The risk of standardization
The structure of the book
Notes
References
Chapter 2: Standardization of risk versus the risk of standardization: A conceptual analysis
Introduction
Whose semantics?
Standardization
Standards, standardization, standardizers, and followers of standards
Risk: normativity and uncertainty
Risk versus threat
What if nothing happens?
Risks of standardization
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part II: Standardization of risk management
Chapter 3: Towards a standardization of EU disaster risk management?
Introduction
Standardization at the EU level
Standardizing EU disaster risk management
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 4: Standardization of disaster risk management: Challenges and opportunities
Introduction
Effective disaster risk management?
The Swedish disaster risk management system
What does standardization of disaster risk management mean?
How to describe and communicate risk
The problem of combining risk information
Discussion
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 5: Explosive remnants in Swedish society: Standardization to visualize a complex risk picture
Introduction
The problem of explosive remnants in Swedish society
Approaches to the problem
Need for standardization?
The utility of standardization
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Which crisis?: The promise of standardized risk ranking in the field of EU infectious disease control
Introduction
How to understand and study the concepts of risk and standardization
What is a health risk?
Pre-emptive governance practices in infectious disease control in the EU
How to understand and study risk-ranking methodologies
Case study: standardized risk ranking in EU infectious disease governance?
Potential implications of risk-ranking methodologies
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 7: Standardization and flexibility in surgical operations: A question of balancing risk
Introduction
Research problem, empirical data, and key concepts
Standardization and flexibility in Norwegian healthcare
Context: the operating room
Methodology
Empirical findings
Discussion
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part III: Impact of standardization processes
Chapter 8: Pre-crime and standardization of security risks
Introduction
Pre-crime and terrorism legislation
Decision-making and the contingencies of security
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Standardization of terrorism risk analysis: A means or an obstacle to achieving security?
Introduction
Norwegian terrorism management in context
The logic of standardization
Standards are institutionalizations of the current perception of terrorism
The underlying implications of terrorism risk management
The characteristics of terrorism risk
Managing terrorism risk from an organizational perspective
Security is a non-event with no best practice
Discussion: the paradoxes of standardization of security
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Standardization of cybersecurity for critical infrastructures: The role of sensemaking and translation
Introduction
Sensemaking and translation theory
Cybersecurity in critical infrastructures
What are standards and why use them?
Standards for cybersecurity
Discussion
Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter 11: Standardizations and risk mapping: Strengths and weaknesses
Introduction
Perspectives on the risk matrix
Theoretical perspectives
Description of case and research methods
Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part IV: Standardization of risk in business activity
Chapter 12: Standardization, risk dispersion, and trading
Introduction
Financial security and societal security
Sorting out standards
The shadow of hierarchy and the shadow of the market
The texture of standards
Consequences: ‘top down’ vs ‘bottom up’ standardization?
Standards as a (neoliberal) technology of governance?
Financial markets and trading
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 13: UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
Introduction
The logic of risk management and the standardization of corporate conduct
Protect, Respect and Remedy and the Guiding Principles for business and human rights
Critiquing the economic risk logic of the Guiding Principles
Government implementation of the Guiding Principles: the Nordic conception of risk
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 14: The role of standards in hard and soft approaches to safety regulation
Introduction
The structure of a regulatory regime
The regulator as regime manager
Standards and guidelines for regulation and self-regulation
Standards and stakeholders
Lessons learned from Norwegian and US offshore oil and gas regulation
Discussion
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 15: Consensus and conflicts: Tripartite model and standardization in the Norwegian petroleum industry
Introduction
Organizational fields
Risk regulation and internationalization
The Nordic model
A system based on trust
Standardization in NORSOK
Organizing the standardization work
Standardization work in practice: four cases
Trust and power
Conclusion
Note
References
Further reading
Chapter 16: Dilemmas of standardization in risk governance
Standardizing risk governance
Standardization, power, and interests
Changing flexibility
Directing attention
Preparing for the unthinkable and standardizing the response?
References
Index
