Stability Analysis, Flexible Control and Optimal Operation of Microgrid

Preface
Outlines
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of MG
1.1.1 Background and Significance
1.1.2 Research Status
1.1.3 Typical Topologies of MG
1.2 Fundamental Issues of MG
1.2.1 Stability Issues and Analysis Methods
1.2.2 Control Structures and Strategies
1.2.3 Optimal Operation
1.3 The Role of Energy Storage System in MG
1.3.1 Classification and Characteristics of Energy Storage
1.3.2 Functions and Applications of Energy Storage in MG
References
2 Stability Analysis of Virtual-Inertia-Controlled DC Microgrid Based on Impedance Model
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Discussion about Virtual Inertia and Damping Control
2.2.1 System Configuration
2.2.2 Virtual Inertia and Damping Control
2.2.3 Equivalent Two-Terminal Model of DC-MG
2.3 Multi-timescale Impedance Modelling
2.3.1 Methodology: Mapping Between Virtual Impedance and Controlled Source
2.3.2 Derivation and Analysis of Multi-timescale Impedance
2.3.3 Positive-Feedback-Based Instability Factor Analysis and Verification of Multi-timescale Impedance Model
2.4 Transient Stability Enhancement Method and Time-Domain Verification
2.4.1 Transient Stability Enhancement Method
2.4.2 Time-Domain Validation of Stability Enhancement Method
2.5 Passivity-Based Voltage Stability Assessment
2.6 Experiment Verification
2.7 Summary
References
3 Voltage Regulation Strategy of DC Distribution Network Based on Distributed Energy Storage in AC/DC Microgrid
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Topology and Voltage Control Strategy of DC Distribution Network
3.2.1 Topology of DC Distribution Network
3.2.2 Conventional Control Strategy for Network Bus Voltage
3.3 Flexible Voltage Control with DESs
3.3.1 Interactive Power Balance Analysis for AC and DC Grid
3.3.2 Voltage Control Strategy for AC/DC Interface
3.3.3 Voltage Control Strategy for DC/DC Interface
3.4 Case Studies
3.4.1 Dynamic Performance on Power Variation
3.4.2 Dynamic Performance on VSC Mode Change and Cable Fault
3.5 Summary
References
4 Power Coordinated Control of AC/DC Microgrid with Participation of Cross-Zone Distributed Energy Storage
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operation Mode Analysis of Hybrid MG
4.2.1 Basic Operating Mode of the DC Sub-grid
4.2.2 Basic Operating Mode of the AC Sub-grid
4.2.3 IC Basic Operation Mode Analysis
4.3 Power Coupling Between the AC and DC Sub-grid
4.4 Flexible Power Control of Distributed Energy Storage
4.4.1 Control Strategy of Distributed Energy Storage in DC Sub-grid
4.4.2 Control Strategy of Distributed Energy Storage in AC Sub-grid
4.4.3 Cross-Area Power Interaction
4.4.4 Design of the Overall Control Loop
4.5 Case Studies
4.5.1 Case 1: Step Power Change in AC Zone
4.5.2 Case 2: Step Power Change in DC Zone
4.5.3 Case 3: Consecutive Power Changes in AC and DC Zones
4.6 Summary
References
5 Short-Term Frequency Support Control Based on WTG-ES Combined System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Operation of WTG-ES Combined System
5.3 Dynamic Coordinated Strategy for STFS
5.3.1 Analysis of the Equivalent Inertia of WTG-ES System
5.3.2 Power Allocation Between WTG and ES Unit
5.4 Design of Coordinated Control Loop
5.5 Case Studies
5.5.1 Step Increase of Load with Fixed Wind Speed
5.5.2 Wind Speed Decreasing Followed by Step Increase of Load
5.5.3 SG Trip Followed by Load Increase
5.6 Summary
References
6 Inertial Support Control of AC/DC Microgrid Based on Distributed Generations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Characteristics of Unified Inertia and Coupling Relationship of Hybrid AC/DC MG
6.2.1 Definition of Unified Inertia
6.2.2 Coupling Relationship of AC/DC MG
6.3 Comprehensive Flexible Control Strategy
6.3.1 Principles of the Strategy
6.3.2 Control of PV Panels and MTG
6.3.3 Inertial Response of WTG with HESs
6.3.4 Local Inertial Support with HESs
6.3.5 Cross-Grid Inertial Support with Distributed HESs and IC
6.4 Case Studies
6.4.1 Step Power Variation in AC Side
6.4.2 Step Power Variation in DC Side
6.4.3 Consecutive Power Variation in Both Sides
6.5 Summary
References
7 Distributed ADRC-Based Secondary Voltage Control of Droop-Controlled AC Microgrid
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Control Hierarchy and Structure of Microgrid
7.3 Preliminary and DG Modeling
7.3.1 Graph Theory
7.3.2 Large-Signal DG Inverter Modeling
7.4 Distributed Secondary Robust Voltage Control
7.4.1 Linear Extended State Observer
7.4.2 Design of an ADRC-Based Distributed Secondary Voltage Control
7.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis of Control Parameters
7.5 Case Study
7.5.1 Case Study 1: Regular Controller Performances
7.5.2 Case Study 2: Plug-and-Play Capability
7.5.3 Case Study 3: Communication Failure and Communication Delay
7.5.4 Case Study 4: Robust Performance Comparisons
7.6 Summary
References
8 Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch of Multi-Energy Microgrid Considering Integrated Demand Response and Multistep Carbon Trading
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Architecture of MEMG
8.2.1 CCHP
8.2.2 Boiler
8.2.3 Centrifuge
8.2.4 Electric Energy Storage
8.2.5 Thermal Energy Storage
8.2.6 External Grid
8.2.7 Power Balance
8.3 Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch Model of MEMG
8.3.1 Multistep Carbon Trading Cost Model
8.3.2 IDR Model
8.4 Simulation and Results
8.4.1 Case Study
8.4.2 Impact of IDR on MEMG Operation
8.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis
8.5 Discussion
8.6 Summary
References
9 Transaction Model of Multi-Energy Microgrid Considering  Balance between Supply and Demand Sides
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Transaction Model for Supply and Demand Sides of MEMG
9.2.1 Trading Model Based on Stackelberg Game
9.2.2 Trading Architecture Based on Smart Contracts
9.3 Mathematic Model
9.3.1 Energy Operator
9.3.2 Energy User
9.4 Solution Method of Internal Game Model
9.4.1 Transform the Bilevel Model into Single-Level Model
9.4.2 Model Solution
9.5 Case Study
9.5.1 Data
9.5.2 Summer
9.5.3 Winter
9.6 Summary
References