SPSS For Social Scientists

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 11
Preface......Page 16
Acknowledgements......Page 18
The schism between quantitative and qualitative perspectives......Page 20
The empirical......Page 21
The positivist......Page 22
The datasets......Page 29
Introduction to the workbook......Page 30
Getting started on SPSS......Page 31
(1) The Title bar......Page 32
(2) The Menu bar......Page 34
Some minor adjustments to SPSS......Page 35
Resetting output labels......Page 36
Loading a data file......Page 37
The Viewer window......Page 41
Saving the data file......Page 44
Saving your output file......Page 46
Printing your SPSS output......Page 47
Cases and variables......Page 49
'Rectangular' format......Page 50
Option 1: importing an SPSS portable file......Page 51
Option 2: importing data from spreadsheets......Page 53
Option 3: importing text files......Page 54
Option 4: creating a new SPSS data file......Page 55
Deleting a variable or a case......Page 57
Saving new files......Page 58
Labelling variables......Page 59
Quantitative data......Page 60
Qualitative data......Page 61
Refining the dataset......Page 62
Labelling the data......Page 63
SPSS operations to 'label' and 'refine' a dataset......Page 64
Validating......Page 68
Dealing with missing values......Page 70
Some tips......Page 72
SPSS exercise......Page 73
Appendix 1: Student 'Drinking questionnaire'......Page 74
Appendix 2: Labelling using SPSS V9......Page 75
Ordinal......Page 78
Frequency tables......Page 79
Measures of central tendency......Page 82
The mode......Page 83
The variance......Page 84
Example 1......Page 85
Example 2......Page 88
Explore......Page 91
Pie charts......Page 97
Scatterplots......Page 99
Line charts......Page 101
The Chart Editor......Page 105
SPSS exercise for Module 2......Page 106
Data selection......Page 107
A simple example......Page 108
A more complex example......Page 109
The keypad in SPSS......Page 110
Subsets of variables......Page 111
Weighting......Page 112
An example of weighting......Page 113
Data manipulation......Page 114
Example 1......Page 115
Example 2......Page 118
Arithmetical operations on a variable's codes (Compute)......Page 124
An example of using logical statements......Page 126
Logical operators......Page 129
Transformations using Count......Page 131
SPSS exercise for Count......Page 132
Missing values......Page 133
A final bit of advice about data manipulation......Page 134
Hypothesis-testing......Page 135
Statistical significance......Page 137
Confirmatory statistics: t-tests......Page 138
Independent-Samples t-test: example 1......Page 139
Independent-Samples t-test: example 2......Page 142
Running the paired-sample t-test: an example......Page 143
SPSS t-test exercise......Page 145
Crosstabs in SPSS......Page 146
The Chi-square test......Page 149
Measures of association......Page 152
A note of caution......Page 153
Chi-square: a second example......Page 154
Introducing a control variable......Page 157
Measures of association for ordinal variables......Page 162
SPSS exercises on crosstabulation......Page 163
Introduction......Page 164
How to do a simple ANOVA using SPSS......Page 165
A two-way ANOVA for SPSS......Page 169
Two-way ANOVA exercises......Page 173
Scattergrams......Page 174
Producing scattergrams with SPSS......Page 176
Points about scattergrams......Page 177
Scattergram exercise......Page 178
Assumptions of the correlation coefficient......Page 179
Correlating with SPSS......Page 180
Interpretation of the correlation coefficient (r)......Page 182
Exercises in producing correlation with SPSS......Page 183
Using SPSS to carry out a simple regression......Page 184
Multiple regression......Page 187
An SPSS example of multiple regression......Page 188
Other considerations......Page 190
Regression exercises......Page 192
Introduction......Page 193
Extraction......Page 194
Rotation......Page 198
Other considerations......Page 202
Factor analysis exercises......Page 204
Problems that loglinear analysis can answer......Page 205
The 'logic' of loglinear analysis......Page 206
Loglinear analysis: specific examples with SPSS......Page 208
'Model selection'......Page 209
'General loglinear analysis'......Page 215
'Logit' analysis......Page 223
Loglinear analysis exercises......Page 232
Introduction......Page 236
Creating a multiple response set from a group of dichotomous variables......Page 241
Creating a multiple response set from a group of categorical variables......Page 244
Tabulations......Page 246
Crosstabulations......Page 247
Summary......Page 250
An example of geometric coding......Page 252
Working with geometric codes......Page 255
'Geometric' coding exercises......Page 257
Choosing the correct statistical test......Page 258
A note of caution......Page 261
References......Page 263
Appendix 1: The dataset variables quick look-up guides......Page 264
Appendix 2: Scales......Page 290
Appendix 3: Questions used to generate variables used in the practice datasets......Page 293
D......Page 350
G......Page 351
S......Page 352
W......Page 353