Spinal Cord Stimulation

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Author(s): Antonios Mammis
Edition: Hardcover
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2016

Language: English
Pages: 155

SPINAL CORD STIMULATION PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE......Page 3
SPINAL CORD STIMULATION PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE......Page 5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
About the Editor......Page 13
Contributors......Page 15
Historical Development......Page 19
The Modern Era......Page 20
References......Page 22
Indications......Page 25
Psychological Evaluation......Page 27
Conclusion......Page 28
References......Page 29
Introduction......Page 31
Indications for SCS Implantation in FBSS......Page 34
Evidence Based Outcomes for SCS......Page 35
Spinal Cord Stimulator Lead Placement......Page 37
References......Page 38
Epidemiology......Page 41
Pathophysiology......Page 42
Diagnosis......Page 44
Treatment......Page 45
Indications and Outcomes......Page 47
SCS Lead Placement......Page 48
References......Page 49
Introduction......Page 53
Elements of the Psychological Evaluation......Page 54
Presenting Complaint and Past Medical History......Page 55
Psychiatric Disorder......Page 56
Depression......Page 57
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)......Page 58
Opioid Abuse / Misuse......Page 59
Borderline Personality Disorder......Page 60
Fear Avoidance Beliefs......Page 61
Illness Behavior......Page 62
Interdisciplinary Treatment Planning......Page 63
References......Page 64
Introduction......Page 69
Tunneled SCS Trial......Page 70
Lumbar Percutaneous SCS Trial......Page 71
Cervical Percutaneous SCS Trial......Page 72
Lead Steering......Page 74
Programming......Page 75
Anchoring......Page 76
Infection......Page 77
Sedation......Page 78
References......Page 79
Introduction......Page 81
Electrode Implantation......Page 83
Electrode Internalization and Implantation of Spinal Cord Stimulation Generator......Page 91
References......Page 94
Advantages of Paddle Placement......Page 97
Neuromonitoring......Page 98
Thoracic Spine Exposure......Page 99
Thoracic Laminectomy and Insertion of Paddle......Page 100
Confirmation of Physiologic Midline......Page 101
Device Interrogation and Wound Closure......Page 102
References......Page 103
Introduction......Page 105
Awake Paddle Placement......Page 106
B. EMG Confirmation Method......Page 107
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP)......Page 108
EMG Findings......Page 109
Conclusion......Page 110
References......Page 111
Introduction......Page 113
Lead Migration......Page 114
Lead Migration: Recommendations......Page 116
Lead Fracture: Recommendations......Page 117
Infection......Page 118
Infection: Recommendations......Page 119
CSF Leak & Dural Puncture......Page 120
Subcutaneous Hematoma and Seroma: Recommendations......Page 121
Direct Neuraxial Injury......Page 122
Miscellaneous Biologic Complications......Page 123
Positional Dependence......Page 124
Aberrant Stimulation: Autonomic Dysfunction......Page 125
Stimulation Tolerance......Page 126
Psychological Testing: Recommendations......Page 127
References......Page 128
Overview of Electrical Parameters......Page 133
Permanent Implantation and Programming......Page 135
High Frequency and Burst Stimulation......Page 136
References......Page 137
Introduction......Page 141
Electrode Materials......Page 142
Lead Shape and Number of Contacts......Page 143
Batteries......Page 146
Secondary Cells......Page 147
Supercapacitors......Page 148
Energy Harvesting......Page 149
Constant Current versus Constant Voltage......Page 150
High Frequency Stimulation......Page 151
Burst Stimulation......Page 152
MRI Compatibility......Page 154
References......Page 155
Index......Page 165