Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection

Contents......Page 8
Pattern Recognition by B Cells: The Role of Antigen Repetitiveness Versus Toll-Like Receptors......Page 11
2. Epitope Density and the Requirement for T Help......Page 12
3. Repetitiveness as a Marker for Foreignness......Page 14
5. How Does Antigen Repetitiveness Relate to the Magnitude of the Response?......Page 15
7. Complement Activation and the BCR Signalling Threshold......Page 17
8. TLR Ligands and Class Switching......Page 19
9. TLR Ligands and Vaccination......Page 20
10. Conclusions: Implications for Vaccine Design......Page 21
References......Page 22
The Multifunctional Role of Antibodies in the Protective Response to Bacterial T Cell-Independent Antigens......Page 26
1. Introduction......Page 27
2. Carbohydrates as TI Antigens......Page 28
3. Conjugate Vaccines......Page 30
4. Immune Response to Encapsulated Bacteria......Page 32
5.1 Haemophilus Influenzae Type B......Page 34
5.2 Neisseria Meningitides......Page 38
5.3 Streptococcus Pneumoniae......Page 40
5.4 Staphylococcus Aureus......Page 41
6. Conclusion......Page 44
References......Page 45
B Cell Lineage Contributions to Antiviral Host Responses......Page 50
1. Introduction......Page 51
2.1 Follicular B Cells......Page 52
2.2 Marginal Zone B Cells......Page 53
2.3 B-1 Cells......Page 55
3. Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection......Page 60
3.1 Follicular B Cell Responses in Influenza Virus Infection......Page 61
3.2 MZ B Cells and Influenza Virus Infection......Page 62
3.3 B-1 Cell Contributions to Influenza Virus-Specific Immunity......Page 63
References......Page 66
The Important and Diverse Roles of Antibodies in the Host Response to Borrelia Infections......Page 71
1. Introduction......Page 72
2.1 Complement-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Killing of Borrelia......Page 74
2.2 Complement Evasion by Borrelia......Page 76
3.1 T Cell-Dependent B Cell Responses in Borrelia Infection......Page 77
3.2 T Cell-Independent B Cell Responses in Borrelia Infection......Page 80
3.3 The Protective Role of Antibodies in Experimental Models......Page 82
3.4 Antibody Responses and the Clinical Setting......Page 85
3.5 Antibody Responses Associated with Specific Tissue Manifestations of Borrelia Infection......Page 87
3.6 Antibody-Mediated Autoimmunity in Borrelia Infection......Page 88
4.2 Antibody Interactions Within the Tick Vector......Page 90
4.3 The Presence and Importance of Complement-Independent, Bactericidal Antibodies......Page 92
References......Page 96
A Distinct Role for B1b Lymphocytes in T Cell-Independent Immunity......Page 112
1. Introduction......Page 113
3. B Cell Subsets......Page 114
4. B1b Cells......Page 115
5.1 Immunity to Borrelia hermsii......Page 116
5.2 Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae......Page 120
5.3 Response to NP-Ficoll, a Model TI-2 Antigen......Page 121
6.1 Role of Btk in T Cell-Independent B Cell Responses......Page 122
6.2 Role of Co-stimulatory Signals in T Cell-Independent B Cell Responses......Page 123
7. Impaired T Cell-Independent B Cell Responses......Page 127
8. Memory B1b Cells......Page 128
9. Concluding Remarks......Page 130
References......Page 131
Secretory Immunity Following Mutans Streptococcal Infection or Immunization......Page 138
1. Introduction......Page 139
2.1 Cariogenicity of Mutans Streptococci......Page 140
3. Molecular Pathogenesis of Disease......Page 141
4. Immune Responses to Mutans Streptococcal Infection in Adults......Page 143
5.2 Ontogeny of Mucosal Immunity......Page 145
6. Salivary IgA Antibody Following Initial Mutans Streptococcal Exposure......Page 149
7.1 Targeting Adherence......Page 151
7.2 Targeting Accumulation......Page 152
8.1 Routes......Page 153
8.2 Adjuvants......Page 154
9. Passive Immunization......Page 155
10. Summary......Page 158
References......Page 159
H......Page 164
T......Page 165
X......Page 166