Sparse Phased Array Antennas: Theory and Applications

Sparse Phased Array Antennas:
Theory and Applications
Contents
Preface
PART I:
Introduction
1
The Beginning
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Past and Present of Sparse Antenna Arrays
1.3 Advantages and Limitations of Sparse Array
1.4 Application Scenario for Sparse Array Antennas
1.5 Organization of the Book
References
PART II:
Antenna and Antenna Arrays
2
Antenna Fundamentals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Broad Classification of Antennas
2.4 Types of Antennas
2.5 Antenna Design Techniques
2.6 Field Regions
2.7 Antenna Measurements
2.8 Summary of the Chapter
References
3 Antenna Arrays
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Array Classification
3.3 Antenna Array Electromagnetics
3.3.1 Linear Antenna Array (LAA)
3.3.2 Planar Antenna Array (PAA)
3.4 Phased Array Antennas (PhAA)
3.4.1 Principle of Beam Steering
3.5 Antenna Array Design Constraints
3.5.1 Grating Lobes Mechanism
3.5.2 Mutual Coupling Phenomenon
3.5.3 Antenna Array Design Techniques
3.5.4 Practial Constraints in Regular or Dense Phased Array Antennas
References
PART III: Electromagnetics of Sparse Array Antennas
4 Generalized Expression for Directivity
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Generalized Exact Analytical Expression for Directivity
4.2.1 Case Studies
4.3 Approximate Expression for Directivity
4.4 Concentric Ring Antenna Arrays (CRAs)
4.4.1 Concentric Ring Sparse Array (CRSA)
4.4.2 Effect of Rotation on CRSA
4.5 Conclusions
References
APPENDIX 4A Derivation of (4.14)
APPENDIX 4B
Derivation of (4.21)
5
Synthesis of Linear Sparse Array Antennas
5.1 Introduction
5.2 LAAs
5.2.1 A Brief History of the Synthesis of LSAAs
5.2.2 Sparse Versus Dense Linear Array Antennas
5.3 Numerical Studies on LSAAs
5.3.1 An LSAA with 60 Grid Locations (d = λ/2)
5.3.2 The Effect of Mutual Coupling and
the Choice of the Array Element
5.3.3 The Relationship Between SLL and the Number of Elements
5.3.4 Relationship Between the Thinning Ratio (Fill Factor) and the Number of Elements
5.3.5 Scan Performance
5.4 ADT for the Synthesis of Nonuniform LSAA
5.4.1 Usage of ADT for the Array Synthesis
5.4.2 Numerical Case Studies
5.4.3 Oversized Linear Sparse Array Antennas
5.4.4 Highly Sparse Linear Antenna Array (dno = 1λ)
5.5 Synthesis of taylor-Like Distribution
5.5.1 Design and Optimization Philosophy
5.5.2 A 60-Element Linear Space Antenna Array (LSAA)
5.5.3 Optimization of a 60-Element LSAA
5.5.4 A 200-Element Linear Sparse Array Antenna (LSAA)
5.5.5 A 3,600 (60 × 60) Element Planar Sparse Array Antenna (PSAA)
5.6 Conclusions
References
6
Concentric Ring Sparse Array Antennas
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Review of the Literature
6.3 Types of Circular Sparse Arrays
6.3.1 The Array Factor of CRAs
6.4 Design Guildelines Framework
6.4.1 First Term in (6.14)
6.4.2 Maximum of AF
6.4.3 Second-Term in (6.14)
6.4.4 Simplified Version of (6.14)
6.4.5 Effects of Rotation
6.5 Design Process
6.6 Numerical Case Studies
6.6.1 A Three-Ring CRA
6.6.2 Benchmark Study of CRA with a Larger Aperture
6.7 Fractal Concentric Ring Circular Arrays
6.7.1 Cantor Fractal Set
6.8 Spiral Concentric Ring Circular Arrays
References
7 Planar Sparse Array Antennas
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Design Techniques for Sparse Antenna Arrays
7.3 Design Fundamentals
7.3.1 Mean or Average Distance and Projection Method
7.3.2 A Triangular Antenna Array
7.4 Array with Random Isotropic Element Allocation
7.5 Statistical Density Tapering (SDT) Method
7.6 Fractal Engineering Techiques
7.7 Hybridization of Statistical Density Tapering and Genetric Algorithm Techniques
7.8 PT-Based Deterministic Design Methodology
7.8.1 Synthesis of the Spatial Tapering Across the Array Aperture
7.8.2 Synthesis of a Taylor-Like Distribution
7.8.3 Problem Statement
7.9 Conclusions
References
APPENDIX 7A
Randomization Approach:Geolocating Method
8 Use Cases for Sparse Array Antennas
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Global Scenario on Sparse Array Antennas
8.3 Use Case Studies
8.3.1 A Stochastic Technique-Based Low SLL Sparse Array Antenna
8.3.2 Multifunctional Dual-Band Sparse Array Antenna
8.4 Conclusions
References
About the Author
Index