Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr)) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Soybean seeds are vital for both protein meal and vegetable oil. Soybean was domesticated in China, and since last 4-5 decades it has become one of the most widely grown crops around the globe. The crop is grown on an anticipated 6% of the world’s arable land, and since the 1970s, the area in soybean production has the highest percentage increase compared to any other major crop. It is a major crop in the United States, Brazil, China and Argentina and important in many other countries. The cultivated soybean has one wild annual relative, G. soja, and 23 wild perennial relatives. Soybean has spread to many Asian countries two to three thousand years ago, but was not known in the West until the 18th century. Among the various constraints responsible for decrease in soybean yields are the biotic and abiotic stresses which have recently increased as a result of changing climatic scenarios at global level. A lot of work has been done for cultivar development and germplasm enhancement through conventional plant breeding. This has resulted in development of numerous high yielding and climate resilient soybean varieties. Despite of this development, plant breeding is long-term by nature, resource dependent and climate dependent. Due to the advancement in genomics and phenomics, significant insights have been gained in the identification of genes for yield improvement, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress and increased quality parameters in soybean. Molecular breeding has become routine and with the advent of next generation sequencing technologies resulting in SNP based molecular markers, soybean improvement has taken a new dimension and resulted in mapping of genes for various traits that include disease resistance, insect resistance, high oil content and improved yield.
This book includes chapters from renowned potential soybean scientists to discuss the latest updates on soybean molecular and genetic perspectives to elucidate the complex mechanisms to develop biotic and abiotic stress resilience in soybean. Recent studies on the improvement of oil quality and yield in soybean have also been incorporated.
Author(s): Shabir Hussain Wani, Najeeb ul Rehman Sofi, Muhammad Ashraf Bhat, Feng Lin
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 277
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Soybean: A Key Player for Global Food Security
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Toward Soybean Cultivation: Past and Present Conditions
1.3 Indispensable Importance of Soybean
1.3.1 An Overall Glimpse
1.3.2 Critical See-Through
1.3.2.1 Protein Content
1.3.2.2 Soy Oil
1.3.2.3 Carbohydrates
1.3.2.4 Vitamins and Minerals
1.3.2.5 Fibers
1.3.2.6 Antioxidants
1.3.2.7 Miscellaneous
1.4 Soybean Production: International Scenario
1.5 Issues in Soybean Production
1.6 Soybean: A Strong Candidate for Nutritional Security
1.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Dissection of Physiological and Biochemical Bases of Drought Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max) Using Recent Phenomics Approach
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Phenomics Approach for Drought Tolerance in Soybean
2.2.1 Digital Imaging
2.2.2 Visible and Infrared (IR) Imaging
2.2.3 NIR Spectroscopy and Spectral Reflectance
2.2.4 Fluorescence Imaging
2.2.5 Spectroscopy Imaging
2.3 Physiological and Biochemical Bases and Molecular Understanding of Drought Tolerance
2.3.1 Canopy Temperature
2.3.2 Chlorophyll Fluorescence
2.3.3 Root System Architecture (RSA) and Anatomy
2.3.4 Signal Perception and Transduction
2.3.5 Expression of Drought-Specific Proteins
2.3.6 Drought Tolerance in Soybean: Transgenics/CRISPR-Cas9
2.3.7 CRISPR/Cas Genome-Editing System
2.3.8 Genome-Editing Approaches and Drought Tolerance
2.4 Summary and the Way Forward
References
Chapter 3: Soybean Improvement for Waterlogging Tolerance
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Waterlogging Stress and the Tolerance Mechanisms in Soybean
3.3 Phenotyping for Waterlogging Tolerance
3.4 Conventional Breeding Approaches for Improvement
3.5 Molecular Breeding Approaches for Improvement
3.5.1 QTL Mapping for Flooding Tolerance
3.5.2 Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Flooding Tolerance
3.5.3 Transcriptomic Approaches to Develop Waterlogging Tolerance
3.6 Recent Concepts and Strategies Developed
3.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 4: Salinity Tolerance in Soybeans: Physiological, Molecular, and Genetic Perspectives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Physiological Perspectives
4.3 Molecular Perspectives
4.4 Genetic Perspectives
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Utility of Network Biology Approaches to Understand the Aluminum Stress Responses in Soybean
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Material and Methods
5.2.1 Bootstrap Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination Technique (Boot-SVM-RFE)
5.2.2 Gene Co-expression Network Analysis
5.2.3 Statistical Approach for Identification of Hub Genes
5.2.4 Algorithm
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Selection of Informative Genes for Al Stress in Soybean
5.3.2 Functional Analysis of Selected Genes for Al Stress in Soybean
5.3.3 Gene Co-expression Network Analysis for Al Stress in Soybean
5.3.4 Hub Gene Analysis for Al Stress Condition in Soybean
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Advances in Molecular Markers to Develop Soybean Cultivars with Increased Protein and Oil Content
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Soybean Breeding for Protein Content
6.3 Molecular Markers for the Development of Soybean Cultivars
6.4 Types of Molecular Markers Used in Experimentation of Soybean
6.4.1 RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)
6.4.2 RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
6.4.3 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats)
6.4.4 AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)
6.4.5 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism
6.5 Future Prospects
6.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Soybean Breeding for Rust Resistance
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Genetic Variability of P. pachyrhizi Populations
7.3 Soybean Rust Infection and Development
7.4 Soybean Rust Evaluations
7.5 Genetic Mechanisms of Rust Resistance
7.6 Genes Conferring Rust Resistance to Soybean
7.7 Phenotypic Parameters Used for Rust Evaluations
7.7.1 Severity
7.7.2 Disease Progress
7.7.3 Resistance Reactions
7.8 Final Observations
References
Chapter 8: Molecular Breeding for Resistance against Pythium Root Rot (PRR) in Soybean
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Pythium Root Rot: A Threat to Soybean Production
8.3 Notable PRR-Resistant Soybean Accessions Reported
8.4 Breeding Soybean for PRR Control
8.5 Molecular Breeding Approaches for PRR Resistance
8.6 A Brief Account of PRR Resistance QTLs and Genes
8.7 Breeding Methods in the Modern Genomic Era to Improve the PRR Resistance
8.8 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Chapter 9: Molecular Breeding for Resistance against Phytophthora in Soybean
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Symptoms of Infection in Root and Stem Rot
9.3 Seed Rot and Damping-Off
9.4 Advanced Molecular Breeding Approaches
9.5 R-Gene-Mediated Resistance
9.6 QTL Mapping
9.7 Genome-Wide Association Studies
9.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Mitigation of Soybean Mosaic Virus Using an Efficient Molecular Approach
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Organization and Expression of the SMV Genome
10.3 Soybean Mosaic Virus Characteristics
10.4 Soybean Mosaic Virus Symptoms
10.5 SMV Infection Molecular Mechanisms
10.6 Protein Functions That Have Been Encoded
10.7 Biological Transfers
10.7.1 Transmission via Seeds
10.7.2 Transmission via Aphids
10.8 Variability and Divergence
10.9 The SMV Pathosystem’s Resistance Genes
10.10 Resistance to SMV Is Mediated by the NLR Gene Family
10.11 Conventional Control Strategy
10.12 Biotechnological Method
10.13 Gene Pyramiding and Marker-Assisted Selection
10.14 Conclusions and Prospects for the Future
References
Chapter 11: Transgenic approach: A Key to Enrich Soybean Oil Quality
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biosynthetic Pathway of Lipids (TAG) in Seeds
11.3 Genomic Traits Linked to Soybean Seed Oil
11.4 Soybean Genetic Improvements
11.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: miRNAs in Soybean Improvement
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Significance of miRNAs in Soybean
12.2.1 Abiotic Stress
12.2.2 Biotic Stress
12.2.3 Plant Growth and Development
12.2.3.1 Nutritional Stress
12.2.3.1.1 Nitrogen (N)
12.2.3.1.2 Phosphorus P
12.2.3.2 Root Development
12.2.3.3 Shoot Development
12.2.3.4 Floral Development
12.2.3.5 Seed Development
12.2.3.6 Nodule Development
12.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Genome Editing advances in Soybean Improvement against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Genome Editing Techniques in Plants
13.2.1 Construction of TALEN Engineering Vectors and Transfection
13.3 Comparison of Different Genome Editing Techniques
13.4 CRISPR/Cas: A Splendid Gift from Nature
13.5 Emerging CRISPR/Cas Systems
13.6 CRISPR/Cas Tools for Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean
13.7 Applications of CRISPR for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean
13.8 Engineering Biotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean Through CRISPR
13.8.1 Future Prospects
References
Index
