Solving Physics Problems: Exploring New Thinking Paradigms

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This book provides a complete, consistent, and open system for studying physics problems, which not only provides high-quality teaching materials for the field of physics education (especially for Physics Olympiad training) but also points out a new direction for physics education. In this book, a form of methodology, which can comprehensively present cogitation discipline, is built up for analyzing and solving complex physics problems. The text analyzes plenty of physics problems (classical mechanics) from both theoretical and philosophical points of view to reveal the way of exerting this form. As a set of methodology reflecting the cogitation discipline, the thinking paradigm proposed in this book (called the MLQ-(ST)C paradigm) is a theoretical tool to develop people's acquisition of this ability. The paradigm successfully deconstructs the elements and the structure in physical thinking and then eliminates the obstacles of people’s underlying thinking, so that all the thinking built on it can be clear and ordered. The physics problems included in this book are significantly more difficult than similar books within the same theoretical domains involved, leading to better teaching and learning value.

Author(s): Yipeng Gu
Edition: 1
Publisher: Jenny Stanford Publishing
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 784
Tags: Physics; MLQ-(ST)C Paradigm; Kinematics; Dynamics; Rigid Body; Vibration; Two-Body Model; Fluid

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction: The MLQ-(ST)C Paradigm
I.1: The Deductive Study of Specific Physical Reality Based on Known Physical Theory
I.2: The Thinking Paradigm for Implementing “the Deductive Study of Specific Physical Reality Based on Known Physical Theory”
I.2.1: The Thinking Objects Involved in the Implementation of “the Deductive Study of Specific Physical Reality Based on Known Physical Theory”
I.2.2: MLQ-(ST)C Paradigm
Chapter 1: Kinematics
1.1: Particle Motion and Rigid Body Motion
1.1.1: The Round-Trip Motion of an Airplane in the Wind (d, A)
1.1.2: The Crawling of a Caterpillar on an Elastic Rope (a, A)
1.1.3: Intercepting a Bomb (d, C)
1.1.4: Fountain Spraying Model (d, C)
1.1.5: Noncoplanar Maneuver Model (d, C)
1.1.6: Determining the Speed of Light by Observing the Motion of Jupiter’s Moon (b, A)
1.1.7: The Landing of a Rotating Homogeneous Rod (a, A)
1.1.8: The Reflection of a Beam of Light by a Variable Angular Velocity Rotating Plane Mirror (a, A)
1.1.9: Rolling Curve (d, C)
1.1.10: The Regular Precession of a Ring (d, A)
1.1.11: Cylinder-String-Ball Model 1 (d, C)
1.1.12: Cylinder-String-Ball Model 2 (a, A)
1.2: Chase Motion
1.2.1: Collinear and Equal Speed Chasing (d, B)
1.2.2: N-Regular Polygon Chasing Game (d, ABC)
1.2.3: Orientational and Constant Speed Chasing (d, C)
1.2.4: Orientational and Fixed-Distance Chasing (a, A)
1.2.5: The Motion of a Ship across a Flowing River to the Target Wharf on Opposite Bank (d, C)
1.3: The Most Time-Saving Path Problem
1.3.1: The Most Time-Saving Ship Chasing Path (d, C)
1.3.2: Brachistochrone (d, C)
Chapter 2: Dynamics
2.1: Simple Problems of Particle Dynamics
2.1.1: The Motion of a Projectile under Damping Force 1 (d, C)
2.1.2: The Motion of a Projectile under Damping Force 2 (d, C)
2.1.3: The Conical Pendulum in Uniformly Variable Velocity Reference Frame (d, AB)
2.1.4: The Smooth Connection of Segmented Motions of a Small Ball Which Is Constrained by a String (d, B)
2.1.5: The Elliptic Pendulum Formed by a Small Ring Which is Sleeved on a Light Rigid String (a, A)
2.1.6: The Equilibrium Problem of Two Small Balls Constrained Each Other by a Light Rigid String on a Rough Plane (d, C)
2.1.7: The Quasi-Static Motion of a Small Charged Ball under Several Forces (c, AC)
2.1.8: The Reciprocating Collisions of a Small Ball between Two Slowly Approaching Parallel Flat Boards (d, AB)
2.2: Charged Particle in Electromagnetic Field
2.2.1: The Motion of a Charged Particle in an Orthogonal Electromagnetic Field (b, C)
2.2.2: The Charged Particle’s Spiral Motion in a Gradual Magnetic Field and the Phenomenon of Magnetic Mirror (d, C)
2.2.3: Magnetic Lens (d, C)
2.2.4: The Magnetic Focusing Created by a Pair of Square Column Magnets (d, B)
2.2.5: The Charged Particle’s Motion Near an Infinitely Long Straight Current-Carrying Wire (a, A)
2.2.6: The Charged Particle’s Motion in the Cylindrical Symmetric Electrostatic Field and Axial Uniform Magnetic Field (c, B)
2.3: Particle in Rotating Reference Frame
2.3.1: The Target Practice on a Rotating Disk (d, C)
2.3.2: The Motion of a Small Ring Sleeved on a Big Rotating Ring (d, C)
2.3.3: The Free Fall Considering Coriolis Force (d, C)
2.3.4: Foucault Pendulum (d, C)
2.4: Simple Problems of Dynamics of System of Particles
2.4.1: N People Jumping Off the Flatcar (c, C)
2.4.2: Ellipse Pendulum Realized by the System Composed of Two Particles and a Light Rigid String (d, C)
2.4.3: An Object Exploding into Three Parts (c, C)
2.4.4: The Motion of a Small Ball along the Inner Wall of a Free, Homogeneous Ring (d, B)
2.4.5: The Crawling of a Beetle on a Ring (a, A)
2.4.6: The Motion of Water in a Cuboid Water Cup with Uniformly Variable Velocity (d, C)
2.4.7: A Homogeneous Rope Sliding from a Horizontal Plane to a Slope (d, B)
2.4.8: The Sliding or Rotating of a Special-Shaped Column (c, B)
2.4.9: A Light Rigid Rope with Heavy Objects Hanging at Its Both Ends Entangling on a Rough Cylinder (d, C)
2.4.10: An Elastic Catenary (b, A)
2.4.11: A Homogeneous Elastic Rope Suspended at One Side (b, AC)
2.5: Energy Conversion of Systems involving Electromagnetic Interaction
2.5.1: The Conductor Wire Frame’s Motion Passing through a Magnetic Field (b, AC)
2.5.2: The Motion of a Pair of Conductor Rods on a Pair of Conductor Rails in a Magnetic Field (b, AC)
2.5.3: The Motion of a Conductor Rod on a Pair of Inclined Smooth Conductor Rails Connected in Series by Specific Circuits in a Magnetic Field (d, B)
2.6: Mutual Transformation of Mechanical Energy and Internal Energy
2.6.1: The Proof of the Adiabatic Equation from the Micro Perspective (d, C)
2.6.2: The Quasi-Static Motion of a Sealed Divider Plate in a Gas Filled Adiabatic Cylinder Container (a, A)
2.6.3: The Repeated Collisions between an Adiabatic Container and Its Internal Ideal Gas (a, A)
2.6.4: The Ideal Gas in a Rotating Cylindrical Adiabatic Container (a, A)
2.6.5: Gas Passing through an Electric Resistance Wire Mesh in a Pipeline (c, B)
2.7: Variable Mass System
2.7.1: Dynamics of Variable Mass System (d, C)
2.7.2: The Motion of Jet Rocket in Gravity Field (d, C)
2.7.3: Pushing Sand Off a Flatcar (a, A)
2.7.4: A Homogeneous Rope Whose Two Ends are Hung on the Ceiling, One End of Which is Released and Falls (d, AC)
2.7.5: A Homogeneous Rope Falling through a Hole (b, A)
2.7.6: The Falling of Raindrop (d, C)
Chapter 3: Rigid Body
3.1: The Fixed-Axis Rotation of Rigid Body
3.1.1: The Rotating of a Homogeneous Rod around the Rough Edge of a Table (d, B)
3.1.2: The Crawling of a Beetle Along a Rotating Homogeneous Rod (d, AC)
3.1.3: The Most Easily Broken Point of a Rotating Homogeneous Rod (d, C)
3.1.4: The Translation and Rotation of a Homogeneous Rod in the Process of Toppling toward the Ground (b, AC)
3.1.5: The Motion of the System Composed of a Homogeneous Rod and a Charged Small Ring Sleeved on It in a Magnetic Field (d, C)
3.1.6: Two Fingers Moving Alternately from Both Ends of a Rough Homogeneous Rod to the Middle of the Rod (d, C)
3.1.7: A Ladder Placed in a Special Way between a Vertical Wall and a Horizontal Ground (a, A)
3.1.8: The Stability of Equilibrium of a Homogeneous Square Column in Liquid (c, AC)
3.1.9: The Motion of a Homogeneous Sphere on a Rough Inclined Plane (d, B)
3.1.10: The Motion of a Homogeneous Sphere on a Rough Spherical Surface (d, C)
3.1.11: The Collision between Two Homogeneous Spheres (c, B)
3.1.12: The Motion of Two Homogeneous Wheels Connected with Each Other on a Rough Ground (d, C)
3.1.13: The Constrained Motions of a Homogeneous Hollow Cylinder and a Small Ball (d, AC)
3.1.14: One Cylinder Rolling over Another Cylinder without Relative Sliding (a, A)
3.1.15: A Plank’s Motion on Rollers Arranged on an Inclined Plane (d, AC)
3.1.16: The Infinite Collisions between a Rotating Homogeneous Sphere and a Rough Ground (b, A)
3.1.17: The Rolling of a Homogeneous Rigid Cylinder on a Soft Plane (c, C)
3.1.18: The Rolling of a Uniformly Charged Ring in a Uniform Magnetic Field (c, B)
3.1.19: The Stability Condition of the Mechanical Energy of Planet-Moon System (d, C)
3.2: The Fixed-Point Rotation of Rigid Body
3.2.1: The Fixed-Point Rotation of a Rotational Symmetric Rigid Body without External Torque (d, C)
3.2.2: The Motion of a High-Speed Self-Rotation Gyro (c, B)
3.2.3: The Regular Precession of a Homogeneous Thin Circular Disk (d, B)
3.2.4: The Curvilinear Motion of a Billiard (b, B)
3.2.5: The Pure Rolling of a Homogeneous Ball on a Turntable (d, C)
3.2.6: The Pure Rolling of a Homogeneous Sphere on the Rough Inner Wall of a Cylinder (d, C)
Chapter 4: Vibration
4.1: Single-Degree of Freedom Vibration
4.1.1: Simple Pendulum (d, C)
4.1.2: The Motion of a Simple Pendulum Suspended on a Free Sliding Block (d, C)
4.1.3: Cycloid Pendulum (d, AC)
4.1.4: The Motion of a Spring Vibrator under Friction Resistance (c, B)
4.1.5: The Tiny Expansion-Contraction Vibration of a Soap Bubble (a, A)
4.1.6: The Tiny Vibration of Liquid in a Cuboid Container (d, C)
4.1.7: The Tiny Vibration of Liquid in a Cylindrical Cup (a, A)
4.1.8: The Motion of a conductor Ring over a Cylindrical Magnet (d, B)
4.1.9: A Rotating Spring Vibrator (d, C)
4.1.10: A Rotating Simple Pendulum (d, C)
4.1.11: The Constrained Vibration of Two Particles Connected by a Light Rigid String (c, C)
4.1.12: The Periodic Motion of a Small Ball on the Inner Wall of a Cone (a, A)
4.1.13: The Tiny Rotational Vibration of a Homogeneous Rotational Ellipsoid on a Horizontal Plane (a, A)
4.1.14: The Tiny Rotational Vibration of a Dumbbell-Shaped Artificial Satellite (d, C)
4.1.15: The Pure Rolling Vibration of a Homogeneous Cylinder on the Inner Wall of a Freely Rotating Homogeneous Cylindrical shell (c, C)
4.1.16: The Tiny Translational and Rotational Vibrations of an Electrified Ring above an Infinite Superconducting Plane (c, B)
4.1.17: A Squirrel Running in a Cage (c, C)
4.1.18: The Driving of a Car on a Hillside (c, C)
4.1.19: A Spring Oscillator in a Liquid Storage Container Driven by an External Force (d, C)
4.2: Multi-Degree of Freedom Vibration
4.2.1: The Vibration of a Pair of conductor Rods on a Pair of Conductor Rails in a Magnetic Field (c, C)
4.2.2: Coupled Spring Oscillator System 1 (d, C)
4.2.3: Coupled Spring Oscillator System 2 (d, C)
4.2.4: Coupled Simple Pendulum System 1 (d, C)
4.2.5: Coupled Simple Pendulum System 2 (d, C)
4.2.6: The Tiny Vibration of a Homogeneous Rod Hung by a Light Rigid String (d, C)
4.2.7: Benzene Ring Model (c, C)
4.3: The Vibration of Continuous System
4.3.1: The Longitudinal Wave in a Homogeneous Isotropic Continuum and in a Light Springs-Balls System (d, C)
4.3.2: Spring Vibrator Considering Spring Mass (c, C)
4.3.3: The Transverse Wave in a Homogeneous String and in a Light Strings-Beads System (d, C)
4.3.4: The Reflection and Transmission of a Transverse Wave at a Small Bead Strung on a Homogeneous String (c, C)
4.3.5: The Reflection and Transmission of Sound Wave at Water Surface (d, C)
4.3.6: Shallow Water Wave (d, C)
4.3.7: Sound Velocity in the Air (d, C)
4.3.8: The Propagation of Sound Wave in the Atmosphere with Temperature Gradient (c, C)
Chapter 5: Two-Body Model
5.1: Central Force Field
5.1.1: Kepler Model (d, B)
5.1.2: The Motion of Two Particles from Rest under the Universal Gravitation (d, AC)
5.1.3: An Explosion in a Binary Star System (c, AC)
5.1.4: The Stability of a Particle’s Circular Orbit in a Conservative Central Force Field (d, C)
5.1.5: The Precession of a Planetary Orbit in a Universal Gravitation Field (c, C)
5.1.6: The Time a Comet Spent within the Range of the Earth Orbit (d, C)
5.1.7: Tides Caused by the Moon and the Sun (d, C)
5.1.8: Dual-Impulse Hohmann Transfer and Triple-Pulse Hohmann Transfer (d, C)
5.1.9: The Docking of a Space Station with Its Launched Spacecraft (d, C)
5.1.10: The Multiple Orbital Transfers of a Spacecraft (d, C)
5.1.11: The Orbit Change of a Synchronous Satellite due to an Accidental Maneuver (c, C)
5.1.12: Escaping from the Solar System via “Gravitation Slingshot” (c, C)
5.1.13: Gravitational Capture (b, B)
5.2: Collision
5.2.1: Free Collision Model of Two Particles (d, B)
5.2.2: The Collision between a Small Ball and an Inclined Plane That Can Slide Freely (b, A)
5.2.3: The Repeated Collisions between a Box and an Object in the Box (b, A)
5.2.4: Total Number of Collisions Occurred in a Double Blocks-Wall System (c, B)
5.2.5: The Collision of Two Balls through a Light Rigid String (d, C)
5.2.6: The Collisions between a Small Ball and the Inner Wall of a Free Homogeneous Ring (d, B)
5.2.7: The Collision between Two Homogeneous Rods (c, C)
5.2.8: The Collision between Two Homogeneous Disks (c, C)
Chapter 6: Fluid
6.1: Hydrostatics
6.1.1: The Ideal Gas in a Rotating Device (c, C)
6.1.2: The Liquid in a Rotating Glass (d, C)
6.1.3: A Rotating Liquid Planet (d, C)
6.1.4: A Soap Water Film between Two Rings (c, C)
6.1.5: The Contraction Process of a Soap Bubble (a, A)
6.1.6: The Rising of a Liquid along a Vertical Flat Plate (b, AC)
6.1.7: The Quasi-Static Motion of an Inverted Bucket in Water (c, A)
6.2: Ideal Fluid
6.2.1: The Flowing of the Liquid in a Tank Out of a Drain Hole/Drain Pipe (d, C)
6.2.2: A Semi Cylindrical Hangar in Wind (d, C)
6.2.3: The Flow of the Liquid Squeezed by a Pair of Coaxial Parallel Disks (d, C)
6.2.4: Wind Turbine (d, C)
6.2.5: The Fluid Force on the Wind Grids of an Axial-Flow Turbine (d, C)
6.3: Viscous Fluid
6.3.1: Poiseuille Flow (d, C)
6.3.2: An Oil Lamp without Wick (a, A)
6.3.3: Measurement of Viscosity Coefficient of Gas by Means of Exhaust Device (b, A)
6.3.4: Measurement of Viscosity Coefficient of Liquid by Means of Rotating Device (d, B)
Index