Power amplifiers are one of the most important components in microwave communication and radar systems. This practical resource offers engineers expert guidance on the critical aspects of microwave power amplifier design. This comprehensive book provides descriptions of all the major active devices, discusses large signal characterization, explains all the key circuit design procedures. Moreover, the book offers keen insight on the link between design parameters and technological implementation, helping professionals achieve optimal solutions with the most efficient utilization of available technologies. The book covers a broad range of essential topics, from requirements for high-power amplifiers, device models, phase noise and power combiners...to high-efficiency amplifiers, linear amplifier design, bias circuits, and thermal design.
Author(s): Franco Sechi, Marina Bujatti
Edition: 1
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 315
Tags: Приборостроение;Твердотельная электроника;
Solid-State Microwave High-Power Amplifiers......Page 2
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
1.1 Scope of This Book......Page 14
References......Page 16
2.1 Applications and Specifications......Page 18
2.2 Active Devices......Page 24
References......Page 27
3.2 Basic Concepts of Solid-State Physics......Page 30
3.3 Charge Transport in Semiconductors......Page 38
3.4 Junctions and Barriers......Page 40
3.5 FETs and MESFETs......Page 50
3.6 Heterojunction Transistors......Page 58
References......Page 66
4.2 Small-Signal Characterization and Models......Page 70
4.2.1 MESFET and HEMT Small-Signal Model......Page 71
4.2.2 HBT Small-Signal Model......Page 72
4.3.1 Load Pull......Page 73
4.3.2 Large-Signal Parameters: AM/AM and AM/PM......Page 79
4.3.3 S-Parameters Versus Bias......Page 80
4.4.1 MESFET and HEMT Large-Signal Model......Page 82
4.4.2 HBT Large-Signal Model......Page 84
References......Page 87
5.1 Introduction......Page 90
5.2 Noise in Semiconductors......Page 91
5.3 Noise in Active Devices......Page 94
5.4 Phase Noise......Page 100
5.5 Phase Noise in Amplifiers......Page 102
References......Page 109
6.2 Waveguide Components......Page 112
6.3 Microwave Integrated Circuits (MICs)......Page 113
6.3.1 Microwave Printed Circuits......Page 114
6.3.2 Hybrid Circuits......Page 115
6.3.3 Miniature Hybrid or Semimonolithic Ceramic Circuits......Page 118
6.3.4 Monolithic Circuits......Page 121
References......Page 125
7.1 Introduction......Page 128
7.2 Balanced Stages and Quadrature Couplers......Page 129
7.2.1 Interdigitated Couplers......Page 130
7.2.2 Branch-Line Couplers......Page 135
7.2.3 Wilkinson Couplers, In-Phase and Quadrature......Page 138
7.2.4 Comparison of Three Types of Microstrip Quadrature Couplers......Page 142
7.3 180° Couplers......Page 143
7.4 Lumped-Element l/4 Transformers......Page 144
7.5.1 Microstrip Lines......Page 145
7.5.2 Radial Waveguides......Page 147
7.5.3 Conical Waveguides......Page 153
7.6 Coupler Arrays......Page 155
References......Page 157
8.2 Load-Pull Design......Page 162
8.3 Broadband Matching Networks......Page 163
8.4 Bode and Fano—Theoretical Limitations on Matching......Page 168
8.5 Bandwidth vs. Power......Page 171
8.6 Load-Line Design......Page 176
8.7 Large-Signal Simulation Design: Harmonic Balance......Page 184
8.8.1 Low-Level Oscillations: Rollet’s k Factor......Page 186
8.8.2 Internal Oscillations......Page 188
8.8.3 Parametric Oscillations......Page 189
8.8.4 Bias Oscillations......Page 191
References......Page 192
9.2 Class A: Output Power and Efficiency Versus Load Line......Page 194
9.3 Class AB: Peak Voltage Versus Conduction Angle and Load Line......Page 197
9.4.l Class B: Optimal Efficiency and Class F......Page 205
9.4.2 Class B: Optimal Power......Page 210
9.4.3 Class A: Optimal Loading......Page 213
9.4.4 Class A: Optimal Power and Efficiency......Page 216
9.5 Class E......Page 218
9.6 Real Devices and Circuits......Page 226
References......Page 227
10.2 Linearity......Page 230
10.2.1 Amplitude Distortion: Two-Tone IMD......Page 231
10.2.2 Real IMD Curves......Page 235
10.2.3 Phase Distortion: Two-Tone IMD......Page 239
10.2.4 Composite Amplitude and Phase Distortion......Page 242
10.2.5 Spectrum Asymmetry and Memory Effects......Page 243
10.3 Design Technique: Intermodulation and Power Contours......Page 245
10.4 Test Set......Page 249
10.5 A Simple Quadrature Model......Page 250
10.6 Behavioral Models......Page 253
10.6.1 Power and Taylor Series......Page 254
10.6.2 Volterra Series......Page 255
10.7.1 Predistortion......Page 256
10.7.2 Feedforward Technique......Page 263
10.7.3 Envelope Feedback......Page 265
10.8 Channel Interference: ACPR, NPR, M-IMR......Page 266
References......Page 268
11.1 Doherty Amplifier......Page 272
11.2 Chireix Amplifier......Page 276
11.3 Kahn EER Amplifier......Page 281
References......Page 283
12.2 Passive Circuit......Page 286
12.3 Broadband Voltage Followers......Page 289
12.4 Bias Supply......Page 291
12.4.1 Gain Stabilization Versus Temperature......Page 292
12.5 Distributed Pulsing......Page 295
References......Page 298
13.2 Device Life Versus Temperature......Page 300
13.3.1 IR Microscopy......Page 302
13.3.2 Liquid Crystals......Page 304
13.3.3 Electrical Parameters......Page 307
13.4 Mode of Operation......Page 308
13.4.1 CW......Page 309
13.4.2 Pulse......Page 311
13.5 Heat Sinks......Page 314
References......Page 316
About the Authors......Page 318
Index......Page 320
