Solid–Liquid Thermal Energy Storage: Modeling and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of solid–liquid phase change thermal storage. Chapters are written by specialists from both academia and industry. Using recent studies on the improvement, modeling, and new applications of these systems, the book discusses innovative solutions for any potential drawbacks.
This book:
- Discusses experimental studies in the field of solid–liquid phase change thermal storage
- Reviews recent research on phase change materials
- Covers various innovative applications of phase change materials (PCM) on the use of sustainable and renewable energy sources
- Presents recent developments on the theoretical modeling of these systems
- Explains advanced methods for enhancement of heat transfer in PCM
This book is a reference for engineers and industry professionals involved in the use of renewable energy systems, energy storage, heating systems for buildings, sustainability design, etc. It can also benefit graduate students taking courses in heat transfer, energy engineering, advanced materials, and heating systems.
Author(s): Moghtada Mobedi, Kamel Hooman, Wen-Quan Tao
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 359
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Solid–Liquid Thermal Energy Storage Systems
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of Thermal Energy Storage
1.3 Difficulties Associated with Solid–Liquid Thermal Storage
1.3.1 Challenges with PCM
1.3.2 System Design Challenges
1.4 Solid–Liquid Thermal Energy Storage Applications
1.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2 Solid–Liquid Phase Change Materials for Energy Storage: Opportunities and Challenges
2.1 Introduction: Background and Motivation
2.2 Working Principle
2.3 Phase Change Materials and Classifications
2.4 Challenges
2.4.1 Segregation of Salt Hydrates
2.4.2 Supercooling
2.4.3 Measurement of Thermophysical Properties
2.4.4 Long-Term Stability and Material Compatibility Determination
2.4.5 Polymorphism
2.4.6 Determination of Crystallization Kinetics and Kinetic Modeling
2.4.7 Thermal Conductivity Enhancement
2.4.8 Identification of Novel PCM
2.5 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Chapter 3 Experimental Techniques and Challenges in Evaluating the Performance of PCMs
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fundamental Studies
3.3 Applied Studies
3.3.1 Solar Applications
3.3.2 Building Applications: Active Systems
3.3.3 Building Applications: Passive Systems
3.3.4 Thermal Management of Electrical Batteries
3.3.5 Thermal Management of Electronic Devices
References
Chapter 4 Design Criteria for Advanced Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Geometric Impact on Melting
4.2.1 Rectangular Enclosures
4.2.1.1 Top Heating
4.2.1.2 Lateral Heating
4.2.1.3 Basal Heating
4.2.1.4 Inclined Enclosure
4.2.1.5 Start Up
4.2.2 Tubular, Cylindrical and Spherical Enclosures
4.3 Melting with Fin Inserts
4.3.1 “Short” Lumped Fins
4.3.2 “Long” Semi-Infinite Fins
4.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Multi-Scale Modeling in Solid–Liquid Phase Change Conjugate Heat Transfer for Thermal Energy Storage Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Multi-Scale Numerical Methods and Coupling Schemes
5.2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
5.2.1.1 Common Used Force Field
5.2.2 Lattice Boltzmann Method
5.2.2.1 Governing Equations for Solid–Liquid Phase Change Conjugate Heat Transfer
5.2.2.2 MRT Enthalpy-Based LBM in 2D Cartesian Coordinate
5.2.2.3 MRT Enthalpy-Based LBM in 3D Cartesian Coordinate
5.2.2.4 Numerical Reconstruction of Porous Media
5.2.2.5 Graphic Processor Units (GPUs) Computing
5.2.3 Finite Volume Method
5.2.4 LBM-FVM Coupling Schemes
5.3 Applications of Multi-Scale Modeling to Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage
5.3.1 Thermophysical Properties of PCMs
5.3.1.1 Specific Heat Capacity and Melting Enthalpy
5.3.2 Pore-Scale Modeling of LHS System
5.3.3 Representative Elementary Volume Scale Modeling of LHS System
5.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 Latent Heat of Fusion and Applications of Silicon-Metal Alloys
Introduction
6.2 Application of Silicon and Silicon-Metal Alloys
6.3 Experimental Work
6.3.1 Materials and Sample Preparation
6.3.2 Measurement Methods
6.3.3 Results
6.3.3.1 Silicon
6.3.3.2 Silicon Boron
6.3.3.3 Silicon-Titanium
6.3.3.4 Silicon-Chromium
6.3.3.5 Silicon Iron
6.3.3.6 Silicon Cobalt
6.3.3.7 Silicon-Nickel
6.3.3.8 Silicon-Copper
6.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 7 Heat Transfer Augmentation of Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems Employing Extended Surfaces and Heat Pipes
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Extended Surfaces
7.2.1 Cylindrical Finned LHTS Containers
7.2.2 Rectangular Finned LHTS Containers
7.2.3 Spherical Finned LHTS Containers
7.3 Effect of Container Orientation
7.4 Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Heat Pipes
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Fin-Metal Foam Hybrid Structure for Enhancing Solid–Liquid Phase Change
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Utilization
8.1.2 Shell-and-Tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System
8.1.3 Fin-Type Shell-and-Tube Thermal Energy Storage Tube
8.1.4 Metal Foam Type Shell-and-Tube Thermal Energy Storage Tube
8.1.5 Fin-Metal Foam Hybrid Structure
8.1.6 Chapter Content
8.2 Experimental Measurement
8.2.1 Thermal Energy Storage Tubes
8.2.2 Test Setup
8.3 Complete Melting and Solidification Time
8.4 Solid–Liquid Phase Interface
8.5 Temperature Response
8.6 Uniformity of Temperature Field
8.7 Energy Storage Density
8.8 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 9 Micro- and Nano-Encapsulated PCM Fluids
9.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
9.2 Encapsulated PCMs
9.2.1 Encapsulation’s Benefits and Drawbacks
9.3 Encapsulated PCM Fluids
9.3.1 Concept of Phase Change Slurries
9.4 Encapsulated PCM Slurry (EPCMS) Primary Characteristics
9.4.1 Subcooling, Solidification, and Hysteresis
9.4.2 Stability and Durability
9.4.3 Density
9.4.4 Specific Heat Capacity
9.4.5 Thermal Conductivity
9.4.6 Hydrodynamic Characteristics
9.4.6.1 Viscosity
9.4.6.2 Pressure Drop and Pumping Power
9.5 Applications of EPCMS
9.5.1 Pipe Flow
9.5.2 Channel Flow
9.5.3 Heat Exchangers
9.5.4 Heat Pipes
9.5.5 Air Conditioning
9.5.6 Combining Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic (PV/T) Collectors
9.5.7 Solar Collectors
9.6 Future Directions
References
Chapter 10 Structural Classification of PCM Heat Exchangers
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Definition of a PCM Heat Exchanger
10.3 Reported Reviews on PCM Heat Exchangers
10.4 Structural Classification of PCM Heat Exchanger
10.4.1 Working Fluid-Embedded PCM Heat Exchangers
10.4.1.1 Shell and Tube PCM Heat Exchanger
10.4.1.2 Double-Plate Heat Exchanger
10.4.2 PCM-Embedded-Type PCM Heat Exchanger
10.4.2.1 Shell and Tube Type PCM Heat Exchangers
10.4.2.2 Cross Flow
10.4.2.3 Capsule PCM Packed Bed
10.4.2.4 Triplex
10.4.2.5 Multi-Domains
10.5 Result and Discussion
10.5.1 Names of PCM Heat Exchangers
10.5.2 Comparison of the Heat Exchangers
10.6 Conclusion
References
10.A Appendix
Chapter 11 Cool Thermal Energy Storage: Water and Ice to Alternative Phase Change Materials
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Types of Ice-Based Thermal Energy Storage Systems
11.2.1 Static Systems
11.2.2 Dynamic Systems
11.2.3 Static Versus Dynamic Systems
11.3 Phase Change Materials
11.4 PCM-Based Thermal Energy Storage Systems
11.4.1 Commercial-Scale PCM TES Systems
11.5 Future Outlook of Implementation of PCM TES Systems
References
Chapter 12 Evolution of Melt Path in a Horizontal Shell and Tube Latent Heat Storage System for Concentrated Solar Power Plants
12.1 Introduction: Background
12.2 PCM System
12.3 Numerical Modelling
12.3.1 Geometry and Grid
12.3.2 Thermo-hydraulic Modelling
12.3.3 Thermomechanical Modelling
12.4 Results and Discussion
12.4.1 Thermo-hydraulic Analysis
12.4.2 Thermomechanical Analysis
12.4.3 Thermoelastic Analysis
12.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 13 Sensible and Latent Thermal Energy Storage in Parallel Channels
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Thermal Energy Storage System Classification
13.3 Literature Review
13.4 Geometry Configurations and Mathematical Modeling
13.5 Numerical Procedure
13.6 Results
13.6.1 Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (SHTES)
13.6.2 Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTES)
References
Chapter 14 Recent Progress of Phase Change Materials and a Novel Application to Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Phase Change Materials (PCMs)
14.2.1 PCM Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods
14.2.2 Application of PCMs to BTMS
14.3 A Novel Application of PCM to TMS of Cylindrical Battery Module
14.3.1 Materials Preparation and Characterization
14.3.2 Experimental
14.3.3 Experimental Results and Discussion
14.3.3.1 The Electrical-Thermal Performance of BM-0
14.3.3.2 Effects of the PCM Tube and/or Heat Pipe
14.3.3.3 Effects of the Ambient Temperature
14.3.3.4 Effects of the Discharge C-Rate
14.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15 Phase Change Material-Based Thermal Energy Storage for Cold Chain Applications – From Materials to Systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage Materials
15.2.1 Desirable Properties and Classification of PCMs for Cold Energy Storage
15.2.2 Performance Enhancement of PCMs
15.3 PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage Devices
15.3.1 Modelling of PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage Devices
15.3.2 Experimental Studies of PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage Devices
15.4 Applications of the PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage Devices through Integration
15.4.1 PCM-Based Cold Storage for Warehouse Applications
15.4.2 PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage for Cold Chain Transportation Applications
15.4.3 PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage Technology for Vaccine Storage and Transport
15.4.4 PCM-Based Cold Energy Storage for Ice Core Storage and Transport
15.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Index
