Solaris™ 10 System Administration Essentials is the first book to concisely yet comprehensively cover all of the breakthrough features of the Solaris 10 operating system. The Solaris OS has a long history of innovation, and the Solaris 10 OS is a watershed release that includes features such as Zones, which provide application isolation and facilitate server consolidation ZFS™, the file system that provides a new approach to managing your data with an easy administration interface The Fault Management Architecture, which automates fault detection and resolution The Service Management Facility, a unified model for services and service management on every Solaris system Dynamic Tracing (DTrace), for troubleshooting OS and application problems on production systems in real time In addition, the Solaris 10 OS fully supports 32-bit and 64-bit x86 platforms, as well as the SPARC® architecture. The book’s key topics include Installing, booting, and shutting down a system Managing packages and patches (software updates) Controlling system processes Managing disks and devices Managing users Configuring networks Using printing services Solaris™ 10 System Administration Essentials is part of a new series on Solaris system administration. It is a practical guide to deploying and managing the Solaris 10 operating system in a business or academic environment. The book is easy to read and rich with examples–a perfect companion for system administrators who are deploying the Solaris OS for the first time.
Author(s): Solaris System Engineers
Edition: 1
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 448
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 18
About the Authors......Page 22
1.1 Methods to Meet Your Needs......Page 26
1.2 The Basics of Solaris Installation......Page 27
1.2.1 Installing Solaris on a SPARC System......Page 31
1.2.2 Installing Solaris on an x86 System......Page 34
1.3.1 Setting up a JumpStart Server......Page 38
1.3.2 Creating a Profile Server for Networked Systems......Page 39
1.3.3 Performing a Custom JumpStart Installation......Page 47
1.4 Upgrading a Solaris System......Page 50
1.5 Solaris Live Upgrade......Page 51
2.1.1 The Bootloader......Page 58
2.1.3 User-Mode Programs......Page 59
2.1.4 GRUB Extensions......Page 60
2.1.5 Modifying Boot Behavior......Page 61
2.1.7 Troubleshooting......Page 62
2.2 Service Management Facility......Page 64
2.2.2 state, next_state, and state_time......Page 65
2.2.4 dependency......Page 66
2.2.5 How SMF Interacts with Service Implementations......Page 67
2.2.7 Health and Troubleshooting......Page 69
2.2.9 Backup and Restore of SCF Data......Page 70
2.3.2 Application-Independent Shutdown......Page 71
3.2 What Is a Package?......Page 72
3.2.1 SVR4 Package Content......Page 73
3.3 Tools for Managing Software Packages......Page 74
3.4 Installing or Removing a Software Package with the pkgadd or pkgrm Command......Page 75
3.5.1 How to Install Packages with the pkgadd Command......Page 76
3.5.2 Adding Frequently Installed Packages to a Spool Directory......Page 79
3.5.3 Removing Software Packages......Page 81
4.2 What Is a Patch?......Page 84
4.2.1 Patch Content......Page 85
4.3 Patch Management Best Practices......Page 86
4.3.1 Proactive Patch Management Strategy......Page 87
4.3.2 Reactive Patch Management Strategy......Page 93
4.3.3 Security Patch Management Strategy......Page 95
4.3.4 Proactive Patching When Installing a New System......Page 96
4.3.5 Identifying Patches for Proactive Patching and Accessing Patches......Page 98
4.4.1 Overview of Patching with Solaris Live Upgrade......Page 100
4.4.2 Planning for Using Solaris Live Upgrade......Page 102
4.4.3 How to Apply a Patch When Using Solaris Live Upgrade for the Solaris 10 8/07 Release......Page 104
4.5 Patch Automation Tools......Page 111
4.6 Overview of Patch Types......Page 113
4.7.1 When to Patch in Single-User Mode......Page 118
4.7.2 When to Reboot After Applying or Removing a Patch......Page 119
4.7.3 Patch Metadata for Non-Global Zones......Page 120
4.8.1 SUNW_REQUIRES Field for Patch Dependencies......Page 121
4.8.3 SUNW_INCOMPAT Field for Incompatibility......Page 122
5.1 Solaris File System Overview......Page 124
5.1.1 Mounting File Systems......Page 125
5.1.2 Unmounting File Systems......Page 127
5.1.3 Using the /etc/vfstab File......Page 128
5.1.4 Determining a File System Type......Page 129
5.2 UFS File Systems......Page 130
5.2.1 Creating a UFS File System......Page 131
5.2.2 Backing Up and Restoring UFS File Systems......Page 132
5.2.3 Using Quotas to Manage Disk Space......Page 133
5.2.4 Checking File System Integrity......Page 135
5.2.5 Using Access Control Lists......Page 137
5.2.6 Using UFS Logging......Page 138
5.2.9 Creating UFS Snapshots......Page 140
5.3 ZFS File System Administration......Page 142
5.3.1 Using Pools and File Systems......Page 143
5.3.2 Backing Up a ZFS File System......Page 145
5.3.3 Using Mirroring and Striping......Page 146
5.3.5 Using Copy-on-Write and Snapshots......Page 147
5.3.7 Measuring Performance......Page 149
5.3.8 Expanding a Pool......Page 150
5.3.9 Checking a Pool......Page 151
5.4 NFS File System Administration......Page 152
5.4.1 Finding Available NFS File Systems......Page 153
5.4.3 Unmounting an NFS File System......Page 154
5.4.5 Automounting File Systems......Page 155
5.5 Removable Media......Page 158
5.5.1 Using the PCFS File System......Page 160
5.6.1 Using Swap Space......Page 161
5.6.2 Using the TMPFS File System......Page 163
5.6.3 Using the Loopback File System......Page 164
6.1 Overview......Page 166
6.1.2 Process Context......Page 168
6.2 Monitoring the Processes......Page 170
6.2.1 Process Status: ps......Page 171
6.2.3 Process Statistics Summary: prstat......Page 174
6.2.4 Reap a Zombie Process: preap......Page 176
6.2.9 Process Arguments: pargs......Page 177
6.2.10 Process File Table: pfiles......Page 178
6.2.12 Process Tree: ptree......Page 179
6.2.13 Process Stack: pstack......Page 180
6.2.14 Tracing Process: truss......Page 181
6.3.1 The nice and renice Commands......Page 183
6.3.2 Signals......Page 184
6.4 Process Manager......Page 189
6.5 Scheduling Processes......Page 195
6.5.1 cron Utility......Page 196
6.5.2 The at Command......Page 200
7.1 Overview......Page 204
7.2 Fault Notification......Page 206
7.3 Displaying Faults......Page 207
7.5 Managing Fault Management Log Files......Page 209
7.5.1 Automatic Log Rotation......Page 210
7.5.2 Manual Log Rotation......Page 211
7.5.3 Log Rotation Failures......Page 212
7.6 Managing fmd and fmd Modules......Page 213
7.6.1 Loading and Unloading Modules......Page 214
7.6.2 fmd Statistics......Page 216
7.6.3 Configuration Files......Page 217
7.8.1 Solaris FMA Demo Kit......Page 218
7.8.2 Events Registry......Page 219
8.1 Hard Disk Drive......Page 222
8.2 Disk Terminology......Page 224
8.3 Disk Device Naming Conventions......Page 225
8.4.1 Device Driver......Page 227
8.4.2 Disk Labels (VTOC or EFI)......Page 228
8.4.3 Disk Slices......Page 230
8.4.4 Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks......Page 232
8.4.5 Partition Table......Page 233
8.4.6 format Utility......Page 235
8.4.7 format Menu and Command Descriptions......Page 236
8.4.8 Partition Menu......Page 238
8.4.9 x86: fdisk Menu......Page 239
8.4.10 Analyze Menu......Page 240
8.5 Disk Management Procedures......Page 242
8.5.2 How to Determine If a Disk Is Formatted......Page 243
8.5.3 How to Format a Disk......Page 244
8.5.4 How to Identify a Defective Sector by Performing a Surface Analysis......Page 246
8.5.5 How to Repair a Defective Sector......Page 247
8.5.6 How to Display the Partition Table or Slice Information......Page 248
8.5.7 Creating Disk Slices (Partitioning a Disk) and Labeling a Disk......Page 249
8.5.8 Creating a File System On a Disk......Page 253
8.5.9 Additional Commands to Manage Disks......Page 254
9.1 Solaris Device Driver Introduction......Page 260
9.2.2 Obtaining Information About Devices......Page 261
9.2.3 Obtaining Information About Drivers......Page 266
9.2.4 Does the Device Have a Driver?......Page 273
9.2.6 Can a Driver for a Similar Device Work?......Page 275
9.3.1 Backing Up Current Functioning Driver Binaries......Page 276
9.3.3 Install Time Updates......Page 277
9.3.4 Manual Driver Binary Installation......Page 278
9.3.5 Adding a Device Driver to a Net Installation Image......Page 281
9.3.6 Adding a Device Driver to a CD/DVD Installation Image......Page 287
9.3.7 Swapping Disks......Page 288
9.4.1 Device Driver Causes the System to Hang......Page 291
9.4.2 Device Driver Causes the System to Panic......Page 293
9.4.3 Device Driver Degrades System Performance......Page 294
9.5.1 Driver Administration Command Summary......Page 295
9.5.2 Driver Administration File Summary......Page 297
10.1.1 Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Stack......Page 300
10.2.1 Components of the XYZ, Inc. Network......Page 302
10.2.2 Configuring the Sales Domain......Page 305
10.2.3 Configuring the Accounting Domain......Page 308
10.2.4 Configuring the Multihomed Host......Page 313
10.2.5 Setting Up a System for Static Routing......Page 321
10.2.6 Configuring the Corporate Domain......Page 325
10.2.7 Testing the Network Configuration......Page 327
10.3.1 dladm Command......Page 329
10.3.3 netstat Command......Page 330
10.3.4 snoop Command......Page 332
10.3.5 traceroute Command......Page 333
11.1 Solaris Users, Groups, and Roles......Page 334
11.1.1 File System Object Permissions......Page 335
11.1.2 User Account Components......Page 337
11.1.4 User Management Files......Page 338
11.2.1 Starting the Solaris Management Console......Page 339
11.2.2 Adding a Group and a User to Local Files......Page 340
11.2.3 Adding a Group and a User to an NIS Domain......Page 342
11.3.1 Changing root from a User to a Role......Page 343
11.3.2 Viewing the List of Roles......Page 344
11.3.3 Assigning a Role to a Local User......Page 345
12.1 Overview......Page 346
12.2 How Zones Work......Page 348
12.4 Network Interfaces in Zones......Page 349
12.6 Packages and Patches in a Zones Environment......Page 350
12.7 Administering Zones......Page 351
12.7.1 Zone Configuration......Page 352
12.7.3 Zone Installation and Booting......Page 356
12.7.4 Zone Login Using the zlogin Command......Page 357
12.8 Halting, Uninstalling, Moving, and Cloning Zones......Page 358
12.9 Migrating a Zone to a New System......Page 359
12.11 Listing the Zones on a System......Page 361
12.12.3 Altering Privileges in a Non-Global Zone......Page 362
12.12.5 Modifying CPU, Swap, and Locked Memory Caps in Zones......Page 363
12.12.6 Using the Dtrace Program in a Non-Global Zone......Page 364
13.1 Using Naming Services (DNS, NIS, AND LDAP)......Page 366
13.1.3 NIS Naming Services......Page 367
13.1.5 Organizational Use of Naming Services......Page 368
13.1.6 Network Database Sources......Page 369
13.2.1 Configuring the Name Service Switch File......Page 372
13.2.2 Database Status and Actions......Page 374
13.3.2 Steps DNS Clients Use to Resolve Names......Page 375
13.4.1 Setting Up NIS Clients......Page 376
13.4.2 Working with NIS Maps......Page 377
13.5 LDAP Setup and Configuration......Page 381
13.5.1 Initializing a Client Using Per-User Credentials......Page 382
13.5.2 Configuring an LDAP Client......Page 384
13.5.4 Using Proxy Credentials to Initialize an LDAP Client......Page 387
13.5.6 Modifying a Manual LDAP Client Configuration......Page 388
13.5.9 Initializing the Native LDAP Client......Page 389
13.5.11 Troubleshooting Name Service Information......Page 393
14.1 Overview of the Solaris Printing Architecture......Page 394
14.2.2 Printer Connections (Directly Attached and Network Attached)......Page 395
14.3.2 LP Print Service......Page 396
14.4.2 Transmission Control Protocol......Page 397
14.5.1 Print Server Requirements......Page 398
14.5.2 Locating Information About Supported Printers......Page 399
14.5.4 Adding a New PPD File to the System......Page 400
14.5.6 Printer Support in the Naming Service Switch......Page 402
14.5.7 Enabling Network Listening Services......Page 403
14.6.1 Assigning Printer Definitions......Page 404
14.6.2 Starting Solaris Print Manager......Page 405
14.6.4 Setting Up a New Network-Attached Printer with Solaris Print Manager......Page 406
14.8 Administering Printers by Using LP Print Commands......Page 410
14.8.2 Using the lpstat Command......Page 411
14.8.4 Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests......Page 412
14.8.5 Canceling a Print Request......Page 413
14.8.6 Moving Print Requests from One Printer to Another Printer......Page 414
14.8.7 Deleting a Printer......Page 415
14.9.1 Troubleshooting No Output (Nothing Prints)......Page 417
14.9.3 Debugging Printing Problems......Page 418
14.9.4 Checking the Printer Network Connections......Page 419
B......Page 420
C......Page 421
D......Page 422
E......Page 424
F......Page 425
I......Page 427
K......Page 428
L......Page 429
N......Page 430
O......Page 432
P......Page 433
R......Page 436
S......Page 437
U......Page 440
V......Page 441
Z......Page 442
