Written by experts who created the field, this volume explores uncharted scientific territory, with articles discussing the effect of our galactic environment on the heliosphere, planetary system and Earth. Leading experts in diverse fields discuss the physical changes expected as the heliosphere adjusts to its galactic environment. Topics include the interaction between solar wind and interstellar dust and gas, cosmic ray modulation, magnetospheres, variations in the solar environment, and the cosmic ray isotope record preserved in paleoclimate data.
Author(s): P.C. Frisch
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 439
Contents......Page 7
Dedication......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 11
List of Tables......Page 15
Contributing Authors......Page 16
Preface......Page 20
Foreword......Page 22
Acknowledgements......Page 23
1.1. The Underlying Query......Page 24
1.2. Addressing the Query: The Heliosphere and Particle Populations for Different Interstellar Environments......Page 26
1.3. Closing Comments......Page 37
References......Page 41
2 Heliospheric Variation in Response to Changing Interstellar Environments......Page 46
2.1. Introduction......Page 47
2.2. Basic Physics of the Multi-fluid Model......Page 51
2.3. Possible Interstellar Environments......Page 56
2.4. Possible Heliospheric Configurations......Page 59
2.5. Conclusions......Page 69
References......Page 70
3 The Influence of the Interstellar Magnetic Field on the Heliospheric Interface......Page 75
3.1. SW–LISM Interaction Problem......Page 79
3.2. Superfast SW–LISM Interaction......Page 82
3.3. Subfast SW–LISM Interaction......Page 98
3.4. Discussion......Page 99
References......Page 102
4.1. Introduction......Page 109
4.2. Future Intersteller Variations......Page 111
4.3. Magnetospheric Activity......Page 112
4.4. Magnetic Activity at Uranus and Neptune......Page 116
References......Page 119
5.1. Introduction......Page 121
5.2. Characterizing the Physical Environment......Page 122
5.3. Variations in the Galactic Environment......Page 126
5.4. Records of Long Term Variations......Page 132
5.5. Crater Record......Page 143
5.6. Summary......Page 145
References......Page 147
6 Short-term Variations in the Galactic Environment of the Sun......Page 154
6.1. Overview......Page 155
6.2. Solar Journey through Space: The Past 10[sup(4)] to 10[sup(6)] Years......Page 166
6.3. Neighborhood ISM: Cluster of Local Interstellar Clouds......Page 171
6.4. Radiative Transfer Models of Local Partially Ionized Gas......Page 185
6.5. Passages through Nearby Clouds......Page 191
6.6. The Solar Environment and Global ISM......Page 196
6.7. Summary......Page 203
References......Page 205
7 Variations of the Interstellar Dust Distribution in the Heliosphere......Page 215
7.1. The Contemporary Interstellar Dust Environment of the Heliosphere......Page 218
7.2. Consequences of a Changing Interstellar Environment......Page 223
References......Page 224
8 Effects in the Inner Heliosphere Caused by Changing Conditions in the Galactic Environment......Page 229
8.1. Introduction......Page 230
8.2. Observations and Modeling of Neutrals in the Contemporary Heliosphere......Page 234
8.3. Interstellar Neutral Gas and its Secondary Products under Varying Interstellar Conditions......Page 253
References......Page 270
9 Variable Terrestrial Particle Environments During the Galactic Orbit of the Sun......Page 279
9.1. Introductory Remarks on Cosmic Rays and Climate......Page 280
9.2. The Heliosphere in Different Interstellar Environments......Page 281
9.3. Cosmic Ray Spectra......Page 285
9.4 Consequences of Variable Particle Environments......Page 292
References......Page 296
10 The Galactic Cosmic Ray Intensity in the Heliosphere in Response to Variable Interstellar Environments......Page 300
10.1. Introduction......Page 301
10.2. Transport Properties of the Heliospheric Interface......Page 305
10.3. Cosmic Ray Transport Model......Page 310
10.4. Cosmic Ray Modulation in the Global Heliosphere: Local Cloud Environment......Page 315
10.5. Interface Variability Driven by Interstellar Environment Changes: Cosmic Ray Response......Page 318
10.6. Cosmogenic Isotope Response......Page 325
10.7. Conclusion......Page 327
References......Page 328
11 Accretion of Interstellar Material into the Heliosphere and onto Earth......Page 336
11.1. How does an Interstellar Cloud Touch the Solar System and the Earth?......Page 341
11.2. Change of the Ionization Degree and Chemical State in the Circumsolar Flow......Page 347
11.3. Model of the Neutral Gas Flow......Page 348
11.4. Amount of Neutral Gas, Accreted by the Earth......Page 353
11.5. Atmospheric Effects......Page 354
11.6. Ozone Concentration in the Mesosphere......Page 357
11.7. Results and Discussion......Page 358
11.8. Summary......Page 361
References......Page 362
12 Variations of Galactic Cosmic Rays and the Earth's Climate......Page 368
12.1. Introduction......Page 369
12.2. Solar Irradiance......Page 370
12.3. Galactic Cosmic Rays......Page 374
12.4. Solar/GCR-climate Variability......Page 379
12.5. GCR-cloud-climate Mechanisms......Page 394
12.6. Conclusions and Future Prospects......Page 407
References......Page 409
C......Page 417
E......Page 418
I......Page 419
M......Page 420
S......Page 421
T......Page 422
Y......Page 423
