Software Architecture: 17th European Conference, ECSA 2023, Istanbul, Turkey, September 18–22, 2023, Proceedings

Preface
Organization
Abstract of Keynotes
The Trek Towards Sustainability - Truth, Tale, or Transition?
Green IT: How You Can Take Action Now
Software Architecture in the Era of Collective Intelligence: The Rise of Systems-of-Systems
Contents
Quality in Software Architectures
Supporting the Exploration of Quality Attribute Tradeoffs in Large Design Spaces
1 Introduction
2 Example: A Client-Server Design Space
3 Requirements for Tradeoff Explainability
4 Approach
4.1 Design Representation Using a Search Graph
4.2 Clustering of the Quality-Attribute Space
4.3 Distance Between Architectural Configurations
4.4 Explanation Charts
5 Study Design
5.1 Client-Server Design Space
5.2 User Study
6 Findings
6.1 Threats to Validity
7 Related Work
8 Conclusions
References
Tool Support for the Adaptation of Quality of Service Trade-Offs in Service- and Cloud-Based Dynamic Routing Architectures
1 Introduction
2 Approach Overview
3 Approach Details
3.1 Reconfiguration Activities of the Dynamic Configurator
3.2 Analytical Models
4 Tool Overview
5 Evaluation
5.1 Evaluation Cases
5.2 Results Analysis
6 Threats to Validity
7 Related Work
8 Conclusions
References
Architecture-Based Attack Path Analysis for Identifying Potential Security Incidents
1 Introduction
2 Modeling Attack Paths and Path Selection
3 Attack Path Identification
4 Evaluation
5 Related Work
6 Conclusion
References
Carving Sustainability into Architecture Knowledge Practice
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Related Studies
2 Methodology
2.1 Study Objective and Questions
2.2 Study Design
3 Main Findings and Results
3.1 Demographics
3.2 Architecture Knowledge Elements
3.3 Architecture Knowledge Representation
3.4 Architecture Knowledge Communication
3.5 Sustainability
4 Discussion
5 Threats to Validity
6 Conclusion
References
Guidance Models for Designing Big Data Cyber Security Analytics Systems
1 Introduction
2 Research Approach
3 Guidance Models
3.1 Data Engineering
3.2 Feature Engineering
3.3 Process Engineering
3.4 Data Processing
3.5 Data Post-Processing
4 Related Work
5 Conclusions
References
Architecture Modeling and Design
Automated Integration of Heteregeneous Architecture Information into a Unified Model
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Digital Architecture Twin
2.2 Architecture Information Recovery Methods
3 Problem Statement and Challenges for Architecture Information Integration
4 Detailed Architecture Integration Approach
5 Implementation
6 Evaluation
6.1 Goals and Questions
6.2 Metrics
6.3 Methodology
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.5 Threats to Validity
7 Related Work
8 Conclusion
References
An Experience Report on the Design and Implementation of an Ad-hoc Blockchain Platform for Tactical Edge Applications
1 Introduction
2 Context and Architectural Vision
2.1 Current Architecture: Centralised Information Platform
2.2 Vision: Decentralised Secure Information Platform
3 Design and Implementation of the Platform
3.1 Requirements and Constraints
3.2 Platform Architecture
3.3 Platform Implementation
3.4 Platform Bootstrapping Process
4 Develop and Deploy Applications with the Platform
4.1 Application Architecture
4.2 Application Development Process
4.3 Application Deployment Process
5 Case Study
5.1 Context
5.2 Implementation
5.3 Deployment and Operation
6 Lessons Learned
7 Related Work
8 Conclusions
References
Designing a Reference Architecture for the C-ITS Services
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Abstraction Phase
2.2 Description Phase
2.3 Architecture Review
3 Results
3.1 C-ITS System Classification
3.2 C-ITS Architecture Description
4 Lessons Learnt
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Towards Assessing Spread in Sets of Software Architecture Designs
1 Introduction
2 Motivating Example
3 Related Work
4 Proposed Architectural Quality Indicator
4.1 Architectural Distance as Sequence Distance
4.2 Application of MAS
5 Conclusion
References
Continuous Evaluation of Consistency in Software Architecture Models
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Approach
3.1 Supporting Tools
4 Evaluation
5 Discussion
6 Final Remarks
References
Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems
Architecting Explainable Service Robots
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 Towards Explainable HMT
4 Explainability Levels
5 Architectural Solution
6 Evaluation
7 Related Work
8 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Analysing Interoperability in Digital Twin Software Architectures for Manufacturing
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 ISO 23247 and Information Exchange
2.2 The Conceptual Interoperability Model
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Goal and Questions
3.2 Search and Selection Process
3.3 Classification Framework and Data Extraction
3.4 Data Analysis and Synthesis
3.5 Threats to Validity
4 Results
4.1 How Is Data Exchanged? (RQ1)
4.2 Interoperability Level (RQ2)
5 Summary, Discussion and Future Directions
6 Related Work
7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Architecting Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Cars: The OpenPilot Framework
1 Introduction
2 Research Materials and Methods
3 Framework Architecture
4 OpenPilot and SelfDrive
4.1 Package Structure
4.2 The ModelD Artificial Intelligence Module
5 OpenPilot: A Technical and Socio-Organizational Quality Analysis
6 Discussions
7 Conclusions
References
Designing and Evaluating Interoperable Industry 4.0 Middleware Software Architecture: Reconfiguration of Robotic System
1 Introduction and Motivation
2 Problem and Approach
2.1 Use Case: Upload Program
2.2 Problem
2.3 Approach
3 Quality Attribute Scenario
4 Middleware Software Architecture Design
4.1 Design
4.2 Tactics
5 Evaluation
5.1 Design
5.2 Measurements, Pilot Test, and Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
Shaping IoT Systems Together: The User-System Mixed-Initiative Paradigm and Its Challenges
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Smart City Scenario and IoT-Together Paradigm
4 Discussion, Challenges, and Future Directions
References
Software Architecture Implementation and Deployment
Analyzing the Evolution of Inter-package Dependencies in Operating Systems: A Case Study of Ubuntu
1 Introduction
2 Background and Motivation
2.1 Software Complexity
2.2 Code Dependency Types
3 Our Approach and Implementation
4 Studying the Architectural Aspects of Ubuntu
5 Findings and Results
5.1 OS-Wide Dependency Graph
5.2 Dependencies Coupling Aspects
5.3 Dependency Graphs Evolutionary Trends
6 Discussion
6.1 Threats to Validity
6.2 Challenges and Limitations
7 Related Work
8 Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Graph-Based Java Projects Representation for Antipatterns Detection
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Approach for Graph Construction
2.1 Relations Between Classes
2.2 Relations Between Classes and Methods
2.3 Relations Between Methods
2.4 Automatic Graph Generation: Tool Implementation
3 Antipatterns Mathematical Formulation
3.1 God Class Antipattern: Mathematical Formulation
3.2 Circuitous Treasure Hunt Antipattern: Mathematical Formulation
3.3 Empty Semi Truck Antipattern: Mathematical Formulation
4 Related Work
4.1 Graph-Based Representation of Object-Oriented Projects
4.2 Antipatterns Detection
4.3 Open Challenges of the Approach
5 Conclusion
References
Scalable Cloud-Native Pipeline for Efficient 3D Model Reconstruction from Monocular Smartphone Images
1 Introduction
2 Background and Technology
2.1 Standard and Conventional Techniques
2.2 AI-Based Techniques
3 Proposed Pipeline
3.1 Pipeline Definition
3.2 Data Acquisition
3.3 Preprocessing
3.4 Reconstruction
3.5 Architecture
4 Evaluation
4.1 Qualitative Evaluation
4.2 Performance Evaluation
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Automated Reverse Engineering of the Technology-Induced Software System Structure
1 Introduction
2 Foundation
3 Approach
4 Evaluation
5 Related Work
6 Conclusion
References
Cloud-Native Architecture for Mixed File-Based and API-Based Digital Twin Exchange
1 Introduction
2 Digital Twins in a Nutshell
2.1 Scope and Key Concepts
2.2 Architectural Challenges for Digital Twins and AAS
3 Cloud-Native Architecture for AAS Implementation
4 Related Work
5 Summary and Future Work
References
Software Architecture Documentation
What Rationales Drive Architectural Decisions? An Empirical Inquiry
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Method
3.1 Questionnaire: Data-Gathering
3.2 Questionnaire: Analysis
3.3 Interviews: Data Gathering
3.4 Interviews: Analysis
4 Results
4.1 RQ1 & RQ2: Most Frequent Rationales and Prioritised Software Quality Attributes
4.2 RQ3: Rationales' Origins
5 Discussion
6 Threats to Validity
7 Conclusion
References
Learning from Each Other: How Are Architectural Mistakes Communicated in Industry?
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Data Collection
2.2 Data Analysis
3 Results
3.1 RQ1: Definition and Characteristics of SA Mistakes
3.2 RQ2: Management of SA Mistakes
3.3 RQ3: Communication of SA Mistakes
4 Discussion
4.1 Increase Detection Trigger
4.2 Ensure Communication Opportunities
5 Related Work
6 Threats to Validity
7 Conclusion
References
A Query Language for Software Architecture Information
1 Introduction
2 The Digital Architecture Twin (DArT)
3 Application Scenarios
4 The Architecture Information Query Language (AIQL)
5 User Study
6 Related Work
7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Extracting the Architecture of Microservices: An Approach for Explainability and Traceability
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Our Approach
3.1 Tree Structure Abstraction
3.2 Generic Exploratory Algorithm
3.3 Scanner
4 Case Study
4.1 Comparison of Manually Derived and Automatically Extracted Views
4.2 Detectors
4.3 Traces
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Analysis to Identify Microservices in Monolith Systems
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Monolith Microservices Identification
3.1 Data Collection Tools
3.2 Monolith Monitoring
3.3 Static vs Dynamic Data Collection
4 Evaluation
4.1 Complexity and Similarity Measures Correlation
4.2 Best Complexity Decomposition
4.3 Lessons Learned
5 Conclusions
References
Author Index