This book addresses the question of what socialism is according to fundamental values rather than institutions. Arguing that Marxist socialism is not only more gradual but also more radical than how it is usually understood, this book shows that socialism extends liberalism by inheriting and furthering liberal justice, including fundamental human rights. Simultaneously, socialism ultimately rejects liberalism because it does not consider liberal values, such as liberty and equality, society’s primary principles. Satoshi Matsui offers a new theory: alienation has two dimensions. Marxists seek to rectify policies that violate justice in a capitalist society, and injustice in capitalism is alienation’s first dimension. From a communist society’s perspective, however, justice itself is an alienated idea and the second dimension of alienation. Marx’s theory of alienation does not deny the liberal theory of justice but is rather a universal system that encompasses it. By fundamentally reexamining Marxism, this volume provides a basic guideline for overcoming capitalist society and constructing a communist society.
Author(s): Satoshi Matsui
Series: Marx, Engels, and Marxisms
Edition: 1
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 247
Series Editors’ Foreword
Titles Published
Titles forthcoming
Preface
Acknowledgments
References
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Socialism and Liberal Normative Theories
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Development of Liberal Normative Theories
1.2.1 Welfare Liberalism
1.2.2 Neoliberalism
1.2.3 Egalitarian Liberalism
1.2.4 Libertarianism
1.2.5 Communitarianism
1.2.6 Identity Crisis of Liberalism
1.3 Socialism and Liberal Normative Theories
1.3.1 Socialism and Liberal Normative Theories
1.3.2 Slogan of the French Revolution
1.4 Summary
References
2 Socialism and Moral Philosophy
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theories of Moral Philosophy
2.3 Liberal Normative Theories and Moral Philosophy
2.4 Socialism and Moral Philosophy
2.5 Summary
References
3 Justice
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Concept of Justice
3.3 Tucker-Wood Thesis
3.4 Geras’s Analysis and Resolution of Controversy
3.5 Reconsidering Nine Points
3.6 A Common Characteristic of Two Interpretations and New Proposal
3.7 Marxism and Justice
References
4 Liberty
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Liberal Concepts of Liberty
4.2.1 Liberalism and Liberty
4.2.2 Subject, Constraint, and Purpose
4.2.3 Civil Liberty and Absolute Liberty
4.3 Marxist Concepts of Liberty
4.3.1 Regulative Liberty
4.3.2 Personal Liberty
4.3.3 Relations Among Marxist Concepts of Liberty
4.4 Suppression of Civil Liberties
4.4.1 Spontaneous Order
4.4.2 Principle of Self-Ownership
4.4.3 Antitotalitarianism
4.4.4 Collective Subject
4.5 Absolute Liberty
4.5.1 Regulative Liberty
4.5.2 Personal Liberty
4.6 Marxism and Liberty
References
5 Equality
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Equalization and Socialization of Resources
5.2.1 Definition of Concepts
5.2.2 Socialization of Productive Assets
5.2.3 Socialization of Means of Consumption
5.2.4 Comparison with Liberalism
5.3 Equality of Opportunity and Condition
5.3.1 Definition of Concepts
5.3.2 Equalization and Equality of Opportunity and Condition
5.3.3 Socialization and Equality of Opportunity
5.3.4 Socialization and Equality of Condition
5.3.5 Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Condition
5.4 Equality without Community
5.5 Equality for Community
5.6 Marxism and Equality
5.6.1 Evaluation of Controversy
5.6.2 Welfare State and Egalitarianism
References
6 Property
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Definition of Property and Labor
6.3 Theory of Labor
6.4 Theory of Ownership of Means of Production
6.5 Marxism and Property
References
7 Utility
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Definition of Utilitarianism
7.3 Three Interpretations
7.4 Stages of Social Development
7.4.1 Capitalist Society
7.4.2 Socialist Society
7.4.3 Communist Society
7.5 Marxism and Utility
References
8 Essence
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Two Types of Ethics
8.2.1 Deontology
8.2.2 Utilitarianism
8.2.3 Two Types of Ethics
8.3 Nonwelfarist Consequentialism
8.3.1 Definition
8.3.2 Marxism and Nonwelfarist Consequentialism
8.4 Social Systems and Ethics
8.5 Problematic Elements of Essentialism
8.5.1 Relativism
8.5.2 Moralism
8.5.3 Elitism
8.5.4 Paternalism
8.6 Marxism and Essence
References
9 Community
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Communitarianism
9.3 Nine Elements of Marxist Concept of Community
9.3.1 Moralism
9.3.2 Perfectionism
9.3.3 Liberalism
9.3.4 Individualism
9.3.5 Conservatism
9.3.6 Localism
9.3.7 Particularism
9.3.8 Democracy
9.3.9 Radicalism
9.4 Marxism and Community
References
10 Alienation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Theories of Justice and Alienation as Normative Theories
10.3 Three Points on Framework
10.3.1 Idealism and Materialism
10.3.2 Historical Universalism and Historical Relativism
10.3.3 Individualism and Socialism
10.4 Values
10.4.1 Scope of Alienation Theory
10.4.2 Injustice as a Part of Alienation
10.4.3 Justice as Alienation
10.5 Two Dimensions of Alienation
References
11 Socialism as the Development of Liberalism
11.1 Socialism as the Extension of Liberalism
11.2 Socialism as the Negation of Liberalism
11.3 Socialism as the Development of Liberalism
11.3.1 Development of Liberalism
11.3.2 Historical Materialism and Revolutionary Subject
11.3.3 Crisis of Liberalism and Its Resolution
11.4 Conclusion
References
Name Index
Subject Index
