This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers.
Author(s): Paulo Sérgio Boggio, Tanja S. H. Wingenbach, Marília Lira da Silveira Coêlho, William Edgar Comfort, Lucas Murrins Marques, Marcus Vinicius C. Alves
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 319
City: Cham
Foreword: “Social and Affective Neuroscience: Open Questions Worth Trying to Answer”
Preface
About the Book
Contents
Contributors
About the Editors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Affective Neuroscience
Chapter 1: Molecular Imaging of the Human Emotion Circuit
Introduction
Studying Human Neuroreceptor Systems In Vivo
Pharmacological Activation and Blockage Studies
Monoamine Depletion Studies
Molecular Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography
The Dopamine System
Opioid System
Serotonergic System
Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: The Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Unconscious Emotional Responses
Introduction
Psychological Study of the Unconscious Processing of Emotional Expressions
Psychological Study of the Unconscious Emotional Processing of Food
fMRI Study of the Neural Mechanisms for Unconscious Emotional Processing of Food
Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Processing of Emotional Expressions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Social and Affective Neuroscience of Embodiment
Introduction
Neuroscience of Embodiment
Embodiment and Social Embodiment
Embodiment of Emotion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: The Neuroscience of Beauty
Introduction
Defining Neuroaesthetics
Motivation and Facial Attractiveness
Beauty and the Beast? Aesthetics and Complex Emotions
Judging Books By Their Covers
Conclusion
References
Part II: Social Neuroscience and Moral Emotions
Chapter 5: Mirror Neurons in Action: ERPs and Neuroimaging Evidence
Introduction
Visuomotor Neurons and Action Encoding
Mirror Neurons and Understanding the Intentions of Others: Empathy
Observation and Imitation
Audio-Visuomotor Neurons
Audio-Visuomotor Neurons in Language and Vocalizations
Audio-Visuomotor Neurons and the Sound of Objects
Audio-Visuomotor Neurons in the Coding of Musical Actions and Sounds
References
Chapter 6: Sex Differences in Social Cognition
Introduction
Hemispheric Asymmetries for Face Processing
Affective Facial Expressions and Emotions
Parental Response
Interest in Social Stimuli
Action and Body Language Understanding
Face Pareidolia
Empathy for Pain
Sexual Hormones and Oxytocin
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Development of Morality and Emotional Processing
Introduction
Emotional Processing
Morality
Piaget
Kohlberg
Current Perspectives
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Trust in Social Interaction: From Dyads to Civilizations
Introduction: A Broken Leg and a Stranger
Conceptions and Components of Trust
The Experience and Function of Trust: Affect and Homeostasis
Trust as Dialectical Bridge Between Individual Prediction Error and Group Complexity
The Formation and Maintenance of Trust: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Interactions
Empirical Implications and Future Experiments
Conclusion
References
Part III: Clinical Neuroscience
Chapter 9: The Time Has Come to Be Mindwanderful: Mind Wandering and the Intuitive Psychology Mode
Introduction
Minds Wandering by Default
Mind Wandering Processes
Perceptual Decoupling
Mental Improvisation
Mental Navigation
Mind Wandering Function: Priming the Psychosocial Mode
Concluding Remarks: A Time to Be Mindwanderful
References
Chapter 10: Social Cognition Development and Socioaffective Dysfunction in Childhood and Adolescence
Introduction
Social Interactions and Theory of Mind in Childhood and Adolescence
Development of Emotional Recognition and Understanding in Childhood and Adolescence
Social and Affective Dysfunctions
Treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Clinical Neuroscience Meets Second-Person Neuropsychiatry
Introduction
Structural Abnormalities and Functional Connectivity Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders
Stimulation-, Task-, and Model-Based Studies
Naturalistic Passive Observation
Interactive Experiments, Second-Person Neuroscience, and Neuropsychiatry
Behavioral Characterization of Psychiatric Disorders in Individuals, Dyads, and Social Networks in Everyday Life
Conclusions
References
Part IV: Methods Used in Social and Affective Neuroscience
Chapter 12: EEG and ERPs in the Study of Language and Social Knowledge
Introduction: EEG and ERP Signals of the Brain
Electrophysiology of Language
Orthographic Analysis
Lexical Analysis
Pragmatic Analysis
ERP Indices of Stereotypes and Prejudices
References
Chapter 13: Brain Imaging Methods in Social and Affective Neuroscience: A Machine Learning Perspective
Introduction
Brain Imaging Methods
Basic Concepts of Machine Learning
Learning Process
Validation Procedures
Dimensionality Reduction
Types of Classifiers
Evaluating and Interpreting a Machine Learning Model
ML Applications in Social and Affective Neuroscience
Computer-Aided Diagnosis
Emotion/Affective Decoding
Neurofeedback
Social Neuroscience
Future Perspectives and Ethical Aspects
Final Considerations
References
Chapter 14: fMRI and fNIRS Methods for Social Brain Studies: Hyperscanning Possibilities
Introduction
Hemodynamic Response and BOLD Signal
How Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects BOLD
How Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Detects BOLD
Types of Experiment Design and Data Analysis for BOLD Studies
Hyperscanning Design and Data Analysis
The Social Brain: Empathy, Theory of Mind, and Mirror Neuron System
Hyperscanning Studies of the Social Brain
fMRI Hyperscanning
fNIRS Hyperscanning
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 15: Modulating the Social and Affective Brain with Transcranial Stimulation Techniques
Introduction
Essentials of Transcranial Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation
Social Neuroscience
Prejudice
Social Decision-Making
Moral Judgment
Affective Neuroscience
Emotional Face Recognition
Emotion Regulation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 16: What Our Eyes Can Tell Us About Our Social and Affective Brain?
Introduction
Pupillometry
Cognitive Ethology: From the Real World to the Lab and from the Lab to Virtual Reality
Eye Tracking in Clinical Populations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Facial EMG – Investigating the Interplay of Facial Muscles and Emotions
Introduction
Theory: From Emotional States to Their Expression
Facial Emotional Expressions
Investigating Facial Emotional Expressions Using Facial EMG
Investigating Affect and Emotion Using Facial EMG
Investigating Emotion-Related Processes Using Facial EMG
Challenges of Using Facial EMG and How to Overcome Them
Conclusion
References
Index
