Sobotta Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, one volume, English

Front Cover
Sobotta: Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy
Dedication
Sobotta: Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy
Copyright
Preface
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Color Chart
Picture Credits
Table of Content
1
General Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Anatomical Regions
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Planes
Axes of Movement
Basic Movements of the Upper Extremity
Basic Movements of the Lower Extremity
Basic Movements of Head, Neck and Trunk
Anatomical Systems
Musculoskeletal System
Types of Bones
Bone Ossification
Structure of Bones
Types of Joints
Synovial Joints
Types of Cartilage
Types of Muscle
Skeletal Muscle – Structure
Skeletal Muscle – Architecture
Connective Tissue
Tendons and Ligaments
Integumentary System
Hair
Nails
Cardiorespiratory System
Arteries
Veins
Lymphatic System
Digestive System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Urinary System
Nervous System – Organization
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
2
Back and Spine
Surface Anatomy of the Back
Organization of the Spine
Curvatures of the Spine
Vertebrae – Basic Features
Vertebrae – Foramina
Vertebral Column – Segmental Motion
Intervertebral Discs
Facet Joints
Vertebral Ligaments
Cervical Spine
Cervical Vertebrae – Distinguishing Features
Occiput (C0) and Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)
Atlanto-occipital and Atlantoaxial Joints
Cervical Spine – Ligaments
Cervical Spine – Movements
Anterior Muscles of the Cervical Region – Superficial
Anterior Muscles of the Cervical Region – Deep
Posterior Muscles of the Cervical Region – Superficial
Posterior Muscles of the Cervical Region – Deep
Thoracic Spine
Thoracic Vertebrae – Distinguishing Features
Lumbar Spine
Lumbar Vertebrae – Distinguishing Features
Thoracolumbar Movements
Muscles of the Back – Superficial and Intermediate
Muscles of the Back – Intermediate
Muscles of the Back – Deep
Sacrum
Coccyx
Abdominal Muscles
Anterior Abdominal Wall
Posterior Abdominal Wall
Vessels of the Vertebral Column
3
Upper Extremity
Surface Anatomy of the Shoulder Region and Upper Trunk
Surface Anatomy of the Arm, Forearm, Wrist and Hand
Overview of Bones
Shoulder Girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Proximal Humerus
Sternoclavicular Joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
Glenohumeral Joint
Glenohumeral Joint
Glenohumeral Joint
Shoulder Movements
Scapulohumeral Movement
Muscles of the Anterior Shoulder
Muscles of the Posterior Shoulder – Superficial
Muscles of the Posterior Shoulder – Deep
Muscles of the Shoulder – Rotator Cuff
Axilla
Innervation of the Shoulder – Brachial Plexus
Arteries of the Shoulder
Neurovascular Structures of the Arm
Surface Anatomy of the Arm and Elbow
Bones of the Elbow Joint
Elbow Joint and Ligaments
Elbow Joint Alignment
Elbow Joint Movements
Muscles of the Anterior Arm – Biceps Region
Muscles of the Posterior Arm – Triceps Region
Cubital Fossa
Neurovascular Structures of the Elbow Region
Surface Anatomy of the Forearm, Wrist and Hand
Bones of the Forearm, Wrist and Hand
Ulna
Radius
Bones of Wrist and Hand
Wrist Joints
Wrist Ligaments
Wrist Movements
Joints and Ligaments of the Fingers
Finger and Thumb Movements
Muscles of the Forearm – An Overview
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm – Superficial
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm – Deep
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm – Superficial
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm – Deep
Neurovascular Structures of Forearm
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
Extensor Retinaculum
Muscles of the Hand – Thenar Region
Muscles of the Hand – Hypothenar Region
Muscles of the Hand – Central Compartment
Neurovascular Structures of the Wrist and Hand
Arterial Arches of the Hand
Brachial Plexus of Nerves
Brachial Plexus – Supraclavicular Branches
Brachial Plexus – Infraclavicular Branches of the Posterior Cord
Brachial Plexus – Infraclavicular Branches of the Posterior Cord
Brachial Plexus – Infraclavicular Branches of the Lateral and Medial Cord
Brachial Plexus – Infraclavicular Branches of the Lateral and Medial Cord
Sensory Innervation – Cutaneous Nerves
Sensory Innervation – Dermatomes
Arteries
Veins and Lymphatic Nodes/Vessels
Veins and Lymphatic Nodes/Vessels
4
Lower Extremity
Surface Anatomy – Overview
Surface Anatomy of the Pelvis and Thigh
Pelvic Girdle
Hip Bone – Os coxae
Joints and Ligaments of the Pelvis
Pelvic Foramina
Femur
Hip Joint
Hip Joint
Hip Joint – Functional Anatomy
Hip Joint Movements
Muscles of the Posterior Hip
Muscles of the Posterior Hip – Deep
Muscles of the Anterior Hip
Muscles of the Anterior Hip – Deep
Muscles of the Anterior Thigh – Quadriceps
Muscles of the Medial Thigh – Groin
Muscles of the Posterior Thigh – Hamstrings
Neurovascular Structures – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh
Neurovascular Structures – Anterior and Medial Thigh
Surface Anatomy of the Knee
Knee joint
Bones of the Knee
Bones of the Knee
Knee Joint Movements
Knee – Functional Anatomy
Collateral Ligaments of the Knee
Cruciate Ligaments of the Knee
Menisci of the Knee
Patella
Patellofemoral Joint
Knee Bursae
Popliteal Region of the Knee
Neurovascular Structures of the Knee
Surface Anatomy of the Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot
Bones of the Lower Leg
Tibia
Fibula
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the Foot
Ankle Movements
Ankle – Talocrural Joint
Ankle – Subtalar Joint
Ankle Ligaments
Joints of the Foot
Muscular Compartments of the Lower Leg
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment – Superficial
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment – Deep
Retinacula and Tendinous Sheaths
Muscles of the Foot – Dorsum
Muscles of the Foot – 1st and 2nd Plantar Layers
Muscles of the Foot – 3rd and 4th Plantar Layers
Arches of the Foot
Gait
Neurovascular Structures of the Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot
Neurovascular Structures of the Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot
Lumbosacral Plexus of Nerves
Lumbar Plexus – Motor Innervation
Sacral Plexus – Motor Innervation
Sensory Innervation – Cutaneous Nerves
Sensory Innervation – Dermatomes
Arteries
Arteries
Veins
Lymphatic Vessels
5
Thorax
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Cutaneous Innervation
Mammary Gland
Mammary Gland – Blood Supply
Mammary Gland – Lymphatic Drainage
Rib Cage and Sternum
Ribs and Costovertebral Joints
Intercostal Muscles
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Muscles of Respiration
Thoracic Wall – Blood Supply
Thoracic Wall – Neurovascular Structures
Thoracic Wall – Neurovascular Structures
Pleural Cavities
Pleural Cavities
Lungs
Lungs
Lungs
Lungs – Blood Vessels
Lungs – Lymphatic Drainage
Mediastinum
Mediastinum
Mediastinum
Surface Projection of the Heart
Pericardium
Pericardium
Heart
Heart – Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Skeleton
Heart – Right Atrium and Ventricle
Heart – Left Atrium and Ventricle
Cardiac Valves
Cardiac Valves
Cardiac Valves
Great Vessels and Heart – Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Coronary Arteries
Coronary Arteries
Coronary Arteries
Cardiac Veins
Conducting System of the Heart
Innervation of the Heart
Prenatal and Postnatal Blood Circulation
Superior Mediastinum – Blood Vessels
Cross-Sectional Anatomy – Blood Vessels of the Superior Mediastinum
Cross-Sectional Anatomy – Blood Vessels of the Superior Mediastinum
Posterior Mediastinum – Neurovascular Structures
Posterior Mediastinum – Neurovascular Structures
Posterior Mediastinum – Neurovascular
Structures
6
Abdomen
Surface Anatomy
Cutaneous Innervation
Abdominal Wall – Blood Supply
Abdominal Wall – Venous and Lymphatic Drainage
Abdominal Wall – Layers of the Anterolateral Wall
Abdominal Wall – Internal Aspect
Inguinal Region – Surface Anatomy of Inguinal Canal
Inguinal Region – Spermatic Cord
Inguinal Region – Inguinal Canal and Fascias
Inguinal Region – Hernias
Inguinal Region – Retroinguinal Space
Abdominal Peritoneal Cavity – Development
Abdominal Peritoneal Cavity – Intestinal Rotation
Abdominal Peritoneal Cavity – Greater Sac
Abdominal Peritoneal Cavity – Lesser Sac
Abdominal Peritoneal Cavity – Posterior Wall
Esophagus – Topography
Esophagus – Neurovascular Structures and Lymphatics
Esophagus – Venous Drainage
Esophagus – Gastro-esophageal Junction
Stomach – Structure and Topography
Stomach – Blood Supply
Stomach – Venous Drainage
Stomach – Lymphatic Drainage
Stomach – Innervation
Stomach – Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Small Intestines – Duodenum – Topography
Small Intestines – Duodenum – Blood Supply
Small Intestines – Jejunum and Ileum – Topography
Small Intestines – Jejunum and Ileum – Wall Structure
Large Intestines – Colon – Topography and Structure
Large Intestines – Cecum and Appendix vermiformis
Intestines – Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Intestines – Blood Supply
Intestines – Lymphatic Drainage
Intestines – Innervation
Arteries of Abdominal Viscera
Liver – Structure and Topography
Liver – Segments
Liver – Peritoneal Attachments
Liver – Arterial Supply
Liver – Blood Flow
Liver – Hepatic Portal Vein
Liver – Portocaval Anastomoses
Liver – Lymphatic Pathways of Liver and Gall Bladder
Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts – Topography and Structure
Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts – Triangle of CALOT
Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts – Sphincters
Pancreas – Topography
Pancreas – Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Pancreas – Excretory Ducts
Pancreas – Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage
Spleen
Kidneys and Ureters – Posterior Abdominal Wall
Kidneys and Ureters – Topography
Kidneys and Ureters – Renal Fascia
Kidneys and Ureters – Spatial Relations
Kidneys and Ureters – Blood Supply
Kidneys and Ureters – Structural Organization
Kidneys and Ureters – Functional Organization
Kidneys and Ureters – Ureter Topography
Kidneys and Ureters– Proximity to Lumbar Plexus
Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland – Structure and Blood Supply
Kidney, Ureter and Suprarenal Gland – Innervation and Lymphatic Drainage
Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
Autonomic Innervation of Abdominal Viscera
Lymphatic Drainage Pathways in the Abdomen
7
Pelvis
Surface Anatomy
Male and Female Pelvis
Male and Female Pelvis – Pelvic Cavity
Pelvic Floor – Schematic
Pelvic Floor – Muscles
Pelvic Viscera – Overview – Female
Pelvic Viscera – Overview – Male
Rectum and Anal Canal
Rectum and Anal Canal – Anal Sphincter Apparatus
Rectum and Canal Anal – Innervation
Rectum and Anal Canal – Blood Supply
Rectum and Anal Canal – Mesorectum and Lymphatic Drainage
Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder
Male Urethra
Female Urethra
Male Pelvic Viscera – Accessory Sex Glands
Male Pelvic Viscera – Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Female Pelvic Viscera – Position
Female Pelvic Viscera – Development
Female Pelvic Viscera – Peritoneal Ligaments
Female Pelvic Viscera – Peritoneal Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Female Pelvic Viscera – Peritoneal Ligaments
Female Pelvic Vicera – Subperitoneal Ligaments
Female Pelvic Viscera – Subperitoneal Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Female Pelvic Viscera – Blood Supply
Female Pelvic Viscera – Venous and Lymphatic Drainage
Female Pelvic Viscera – Innervation
Male Genitalia – Penis
Male Genitalia – Scrotum and Testis
Male Genitalia – Testis and Epididymis
Male Genitalia – Blood Supply
Male Genitalia – Innervation
Male Genitalia – Lymphatic Drainage
Perineum – Surface Anatomy
Female Perineum – External Genitalia
Female Perineum – Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Female Perineum – Blood Supply
Female Perineum – Innervation
Female Perineum – Episiotomy
Male Perineum – Muscles
Male Perineum – Blood Supply and Innervation
Male Perineum – Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Ischioanal Fossa
Perineal Spaces – Deep and Superficial
Perineal Spaces – Deep and Superficial
Pelvic Arteries
Pelvic Veins
Pelvic Nerves
Pelvic Nerves – Autonomic
8
Head
Surface Anatomy
Skull
Facial Muscles
Neurovascular Supply
Paranal Sinuses
Neurovascular Supply to the Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Bones of the Oral Cavity
Temporomandibular Joint
Muscles of Mastication
Dentition and Gingiva
Dentition
Dentition
Hard Palate
Neurovascular Supply to the Teeth
Mucosa and Innervation of the Tongue
Muscles of the Tongue
Neurovascular Supply of the Tongue
Tonsils
Soft Palate
Hyoid Bone and Floor of Oral Cavity
Floor of Mouth
Salivary Glands
Innervation of Glands of the Head
9
Eye
Surface Anatomy
Eyelids
Bones of the Orbit
Anterior Orbit
Periorbital Blood Supply
Lacrimal Gland and Innervation
Lacrimal Apparatus
Extraocular Muscles
Innervation of Extraocular Muscles
Neurovascular Structures in the Orbit
Orbital Levels and Content
Orbital Levels and Content
Eyeball and Blood Supply
Iris and Ciliary Body
Pupillary Reflexes
Ocular Fundus
Retina and Central Visual Pathway
10
Ear
Surface Anatomy
External Acoustic Meatus
Temporal Bone
Middle Ear – Tympanic Membrane
Middle Ear – Auditory Ossicles
Middle Ear – Pharyngotympanic Tube
Middle Ear – Neighboring Structures
Middle Ear – Blood Supply and Innervation
Inner Ear – Petrous Part of Temporal Bone
Inner Ear – Bony and Membranous Labyrinth
Inner Ear – Cochlea
Inner Ear – Mechanoelectrical Conduction
Central Auditory Pathways
Inner Ear – Vestibular Labyrinth
Central Vestibular Pathways
11
Neck
Surface Anatomy of the Neck
Triangles of the Neck
Cervical Fascia
Retropharyngeal Space
Anterior and Posterior Cervical Region – Superficial Layer
Anterior and Posterior Cervical Region – Vessels and Nerves
Anterior and Posterior Cervical Region – Deep Layer
Cervical Plexus
Subclavian and Vertebral Arteries
Anterior Cervical Region – Surface Anatomy and Superficial Layer
Anterior Cervical Region – Neurovascular Structures
Pharyngeal Spaces
Pharyngeal Spaces
Pharyngeal Muscles
Pharyngeal Neurovascular Structures and Parapharyngeal Space
Pharyngeal Neurovascular Structures and Parapharyngeal Space
Swallowing (Deglutition)
Larynx and Laryngeal Cartilages
Laryngeal Cartilages
Laryngeal Cartilages and Vocal Cords
Laryngeal Muscles
Laryngoscopy
Endotracheal Procedures
Laryngeal Spaces
Laryngeal Neurovascular Structures
Development of the Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Neurovascular Structures of the Thyroid Gland
Topography of the Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Lymphatic Drainage of the Neck
Superior Thoracic Aperture
12
Neuroanatomy
Major Parts of the Brain and Orientation
Structure of the Brain
Meninges of the Brain
Arterial Blood Supply to the Meninges of the Brain
Venous Sinuses
Venous Sinuses and Diploic Veins
Venous Drainage of the Brain
Arterial Blood Supply of the Brain
Internal Carotid Artery
Circle of WILLIS
Cerebral and Cerebellar Arteries
Cerebral Arteries
Vascular Territories of Cerebral and Cerebellar Arteries
Meninges of the Spinal Cord
Arterial Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord within the Vertebral Canal
Ventricular System
Blood-Brain/CSF-Barrier and Circumventricular Organs
Cranial Nerves – Overview
Cranial Nerves – Topography and Fiber Qualities
Cranial Nerves – Location of Cranial Nerve Nuclei in the Brainstem
Cranial Nerves – Summary of Nuclei of Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves – Sensory and Parasympathetic Ganglia
Fila olfactoria [CN I]
CN III, CN IV, CN VI
Trigeminal Nerve [CN V]
Ophtalmic Branch [CN V/1]
Maxillary Branch [CN V/2]
Mandibular Branch [CN V/3]
Facial Nerve [CN VII]
Glossopharyngeal Nerve [CN IX]
Vagus Nerve [CN X]
Special Senses: Sensory System of Tongue and Taste
Spinal Accessory Nerve [CN XI]
Hypoglossal Nerve [CN XII]
Autonomic Nervous System – General Principles
Autonomic Outflow and Target Organs
Sympathetic Outflow
Relationship of Sympathetic Outflow with Spinal Nerves
Autonomic Nervous System – HORNER’s Syndrome
Spinal Cord – Segments and Nomenclature
Spinal Cord – Function
Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord – Reflexes
Spinal Cord – Segmental Organization
Spinal Cord – Sensory Pathways
Spinal Cord – Motor Pathways
Spinal Cord Lesions
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z