Smart Grids and Green Energy Systems

Cover
Half-Title Page
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1 Studies on Enhancement of Battery Pack Efficiency Using Active Cell Balancing Techniques for Electric Vehicle Applications Through MATLAB Simulations
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Influence of Lithium Ion Batteries
1.3 Cell Balancing
1.3.1 Types of Cell Balancing
1.3.2 Passive Cell Balancing
1.3.3 Active Cell Balancing
1.3.4 Why Cell Balancing is Important
1.4 Block Diagram
1.5 SOC Control Using Passive Cell Equalization
1.5.1 Equalization Results
1.6 Voltage Control Using Active Cell Equalization
1.6.1 The Flyback Converter Method
1.6.2 The Multi-Winding Transformer Method
1.7 Conclusion
References
2 Evaluation and Impacts of Minimum Energy Performance Standards of Electrical Motors in India
2.1 Introduction
2.2 A Review of IS 12615 Evaluation
2.3 A Scenario of ‘MEPS’ for Electric Motors From
Around the World
2.4 Government Initiatives to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Electric Motors
2.4.1 National Motor Replacement Program
2.4.2 Obstacles to Overcome and the Path Forward
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Smart Power Tracking and Power Factor Correction
in a PV System
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Literature Review
3.3 Smart Power Tracking
3.4 Perturb and Observe
3.5 Need for Power Factor Correction
3.6 Correction Method
3.7 Capacitive Bank
3.8 Simulation
3.9 Result and Output
3.10 Conclusion
References
4 Grid Connected Inverter for PV System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methodology
4.3 PV Module
4.4 DC-DC Converter
4.5 MPPT
4.6 Grid Connected PV System
4.7 Results and Discussion
4.8 Conclusion
References
5 An Experimental Investigation of Fuzzy-Based Voltage-Lift Multilevel Inverter Using Solar Photovoltaic Application
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Proposed SVLMLI
5.2.1 Trigger On State
5.2.2 Trigger Off State
5.3 Design of FLC
5.4 FL Tuned PI Controller
5.5 Result and Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Potentials and Challenges of Digital Twin: Toward Industry 4.0
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Industry 4.0
6.3 Digital Twin Technology
6.3.1 Concept of Physical and Virtual Model of DTT
6.3.2 Digital Twin Effect on Industries—Industry 4.0
6.4 Potential and Challenges in Applying Digital Twin Technology
6.4.1 Information Technology Infrastructure
6.4.2 Useful Data
6.4.3 Trust
6.4.4 Expectations
6.4.5 Standardized Modeling
6.4.6 Domain Modeling
6.5 Research and Development Challenges
6.5.1 Cost
6.5.2 Precise Representation
6.5.3 Data Quality
6.5.4 Interoperability
6.5.5 Intellectual Property Protection
6.5.6 Cyber Security
6.6 Future Scope of Digital Twin Technology
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 Real-Time Data Acquisition System for PV Module
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Description of Instrumentation Setup
7.3 Experimental Setup and Data Acquisition System
7.4 Experimental Results
7.4.1 Under Uniform Illumination
7.4.2 Under Partial Shading Condition
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Investigation of Controllers for “N” Input DC-DC Converters
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Role of Control Technique in Multivariable System
8.3 Controllers Employed in Multivariable System
8.4 Simulation Results and Discussion
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Fuzzy Logic Controlled Dual-Input DC-DC Converter for PV Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 D3 Converter Topology
9.2.1 State-Space Model of the Converter
9.3 Closed-Loop Controller
9.4 Experimental Verification
9.4.1 Result Discussion
9.4.2 Comparative Analysis
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 A Smart IoT-Based Solar Power Monitoring System
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Phases of System Implementation Process
10.2.1 Data Acquisition
10.2.2 Data Interface
10.2.3 ThingSpeak Analytics
10.3 Hardware Implementation and Results
10.4 Conclusions
References
11 Control of Multi-Input Interleaved DC-DC Boost
Converter for Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Proposed Converter Topology
11.3 Control Strategy
11.4 Simulation Results
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems—A Comprehensive Review From Real-Time Implementation Perspective
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Conventional Electrical MPP Tracking Methods
12.2.1 Open-Circuit Voltage Method
12.2.2 Short-Circuit Current Method
12.2.3 Constant Voltage Controller Method
12.2.4 Perturb and Observe Algorithm
12.2.5 Incremental Conductance Algorithm
12.2.6 Hill-Climbing (HC) Algorithm
12.2.7 Other Conventional Methods
12.3 Evolutionary Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence–Based
MPP Tracking
12.3.1 Fuzzy Logic Controller–Based MPP Technique
12.3.2 Artificial Neural Network–Based MPP Algorithm
12.3.3 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System MPP Tracking
12.3.4 Modified P&O Method (Variable Step Size P&O)
12.3.5 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
12.3.6 Ant Colony Optimization–Based MPP Tracking
12.3.7 Genetic Algorithm–Based Tracking
12.3.8 Cuckoo Search–Based MPPT
12.4 Comprehensive Review on the Implementation Issues of MPPT
12.5 Commercial Products
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 Reliability Analysis Techniques of Grid-Connected PV Power Models
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Reliability Empirical Relations and Standards
13.3 Reliability Estimation of Grid-Connected PV Power Models
13.4 Conclusion
References
14 DC Microgrid: A Review on Issues and Control
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Challenges Incurred in DCMG
14.2.1 Difficulties in Extinguishing Arc
14.2.2 Lack of Adequate Grounding
14.2.3 Effect of Short-Circuit Fault Current and Inverter Sensitivity
14.2.4 Electromagnetic Interference and Inrush
Currents
14.3 Control Strategies Adopted in DC Micro-Grid
14.3.1 Centralized Control
14.3.2 Decentralized Control
14.3.2.1 Droop Control With Virtual Resistance
14.3.2.2 Adaptive Droop Control
14.3.3 Distributed Control
14.4 Hierarchical Control
14.5 Conclusion
References
15 Maximizing Power Generation of a Partially Shaded PV Array Using Genetic Algorithm
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Literature Review
15.3 Proposed System Design
15.4 Design of SEPIC Converter
15.5 Comparison of Different Optimization Tools
15.5.1 Fuzzy Logic Control
15.5.2 ANFIS Model
15.5.3 Genetic Algorithm
15.5.4 Incremental Conductance Method (INC)
15.6 Single-Phase Inverter
15.7 Simulation Results
15.8 Results and Discussion
15.9 Conclusion
References
16 Investigation of Super-Lift Multilevel Inverter Using
Water Pump Irrigation System
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Proposed System Configuration
16.3 Design of Concentrator SPV Array
16.4 Principle of Particle Swarm Optimization
16.5 Result and Discussion
16.6 Conclusion
References
17 Analysis of Load Torque Characteristics for an
Electrical Tractor
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Methodology
17.2.1 Traction Resistive Forces
17.2.2 Calculation of Rolling Resistance Force
17.2.3 Calculation of Grade Resistance
17.2.4 Calculation of Aerodynamic Force
17.2.5 Calculation of Acceleration Force
17.2.6 Contribution of Total Running Resistances
17.3 Dynamics of Draft Force
17.4 Power Train Calculation
17.4.1 Calculations for Field Applications
17.4.2 Calculation for Transport Applications
17.5 MATLAB Simulation and Result
17.6 Motor Specifications
17.7 Conclusion and Discussion
References
18 Comparison of Wireless Charging Compensation Topologies of Electric Vehicle
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Types of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging
Systems (EVWCS)
18.2.1 Capacitive Wireless Charging System (CWCS)
18.2.2 Permanent Magnet Gear Wireless Charging System (PMWC)
18.2.3 Inductive Wireless Charging System (IWC)
18.2.4 Resonant Inductive Wireless Charging System (RIWC)
18.3 Classification of Compensation Topologies
18.4 Simulation Diagram
18.4.1 Series-Series
18.4.2 Parallel-Series
18.5 Design Parameters of Circuit Used in Simulation
18.6 Results and Discussion
18.6.1 Series-Series Topology
18.6.2 Parallel-Series Topology Waveforms
18.7 Conclusion
References
19 Analysis of PV System in Grid Connected and Islanded Modes of Operation
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Grid Connected Mode
19.2.1 DC Side Control
19.2.2 AC Side Control
19.3 Islanded Mode
19.4 Results and Discussion
19.5 Conclusion
References
Index
Also of Interest
EULA