Smart Antennas: Latest Trends in Design and Application

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Part I: Overview and Introduction of Microstrip Antenna
Microstrip Antenna: An Overview and Its Performance Parameter
1 Introduction
2 Design and Performance Parameters of Microstrip Antenna: An Overview
2.1 Feeding Techniques
2.2 Performance Parameters
2.2.1 Directivity and Gain
2.2.2 Return Loss
2.2.3 Radiating Pattern and Efficiency
2.3 Microstrip Antenna Topologies: A Review of Literature
3 Design Parameters of Microstrip Antenna
4 Conclusions
References
A Compact Dual-Fed Self-Diplexing Antenna for Wireless Communication Application
1 Introduction
2 Realization of Self-Diplexing Antenna
3 Hardware Realization
4 Parametric Analysis of the Proposed Structure
5 Conclusion
References
Multiband Slot Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications
1 Introduction: Background
2 Review of the Existing Techniques
3 Antenna Design Considerations of Proposed Work
4 Antenna Structure
5 Results
5.1 Return Loss (dB)
5.2 VSWR
6 Conclusion
References
Effect of Encapsulating Materials on Monopole Antenna Performance for Underwater Communication
1 Introduction
2 Antenna Encapsulating Materials Used
3 Antenna Design
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Parasitic Antennas for Current and Future Wireless Communication Systems: Trends, Challenges, and Emerging Aspects
1 Introduction
2 Performance Enhancement of the Microstrip Antenna by Using Parasitic Elements
2.1 Bandwidth Enhancement
2.2 Parasitic Antenna Arrays with Steerable Radiation Pattern
2.3 Parasitic Element-Based Reconfigurable Antenna
3 Next-Generation Communication Design and a Passive Radiator
4 Conclusion
References
Multiband Laptop Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for WLAN/WiMAX/GPS Wireless Applications
1 Introduction
2 Antenna Structure and Parametric Variation
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Part II: Performance Analysis of Micro-strip Antenna
Antenna Optimization Using Taguchi’s Method
1 Introduction
2 Microstrip Patch Antenna
3 Taguchi’s Optimization Method
4 Implementations of Taguchi’s Method for Rectangular Patch Antenna
4.1 Effect of Width of Patch
4.2 Width of Slot
4.3 Width of Feed
5 Flexible Antenna and Implementation of Taguchi’s Method for Rectangular Patch Antenna
References
A Novel Compact Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Using PIN Diodes for Cognitive Radio Applications
1 Introduction
2 Design
2.1 Design Equations
2.2 Dimensional Parameters for the Designed Antenna (Table 1)
3 Results and Discussion
4 Comparison of Parameters
5 Conclusion
References
Mathematical Analysis and Optimization of a Remodeled Circular Patch for 5G Communication
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Analysis of the Remodeled Circular Patch
2.1 Circular Disc Cavity
2.2 Geometry of Proposed Design and Boundary Conditions
2.3 Solution of Wave Equation
2.4 Resonance Frequency
3 Optimization for Maximum Arc-to-Arc Length
3.1 Linear Regression
3.2 Logistic Regression
3.3 Polynomial Regression
3.4 Naive Bayes Classifier
3.5 Decision Tree
3.6 Performance Evaluation
4 Design of the Antenna
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Study of Various Beamformers and Smart Antenna Adaptive Algorithms for Mobile Communication
1 4G/5G Technology
1.1 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
1.2 Smart Antenna System
2 Beamforming Technology
2.1 Phased Array Antenna Fundamentals
2.2 Beamforming Network
2.3 RF Beamforming Method
2.4 Digital Beamforming Method
2.5 Optical Signal Processing Beamforming Method
3 Overview of Existing OSPBFN
4 Beamforming Algorithm
4.1 LMS Algorithm
4.2 MVDR Algorithm
4.3 RLS Algorithm
4.4 CMA Algorithm
4.5 MD Algorithm
5 Result and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Microstrip Patch Antennas: Past and Present State of the Art
1 Introduction
2 UWB Antennas
2.1 Microstrip Feed
2.2 Microstrip/CPW Feed
3 Single Notched Band Characteristics of UWB Antennas
4 Dual Notched-Band Characteristics of UWB Antennas
5 Triple/Quadra/Quintuple Notched-Band Characteristics of UWB Antennas
6 Conclusions
References
Part III: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna Design and Uses
Planar Design, Analysis, and Characterization of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna
1 Introduction
2 2 × 2 UWB/Super-Wideband MIMO Antennas
3 2 × 2 Dual-Polarization and Multiband MIMO Antennas
4 4 × 4 Multiband/Wideband MIMO Antennas and Diversity Performance
5 Conclusions
References
Design of Smooth Curved Hexagonal-Shaped Four-Element MIMO Antenna for WiMAX, Wi-Fi, and 5G Applications
1 Introduction
2 Development of Single MIMO Radiator
3 Four-Element MIMO Antenna
3.1 MIMO Antenna Without Decoupling Structure
3.2 MIMO Antenna with Decoupling Structure
4 Performance Metrics Analysis of Four-Element MIMO
4.1 Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)
4.2 Diversity Gain (DG)
4.3 Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC)
4.4 Channel Capacity Loss (CCL)
4.5 Mean Effective Gain (MEG)
5 Performance Comparison of Four-Port MIMO Antennas with Literature
6 Conclusion
References
A Quad-Port Orthogonal Wideband MIMO Antenna Employing Artificial Magnetic Conductor for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Applications
1 Introduction
2 The MIMO Antenna Backed by AMC Design Structure
3 Simulations and Analysis
4 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
5G Massive MIMO-OFDM System Model: Existing Channel Estimation Algorithms and Its Review
1 Introduction
2 Massive MIMO System Model
3 Massive MIMO-OFDM System Model
4 Channel Estimation
4.1 Pilot Structure
4.2 Block Type
4.3 Comb Type
4.4 Lattice Type
4.5 Pilot Symbol-Based Channel Estimation
4.6 Least Square Channel Estimation
4.7 Minimum Mean Square Channel Estimation
4.8 DFT-Based Channel Estimation
4.9 Doubly Selective Channel Estimation Technique
4.10 Sparse Channel Estimation Using Matching Pursuit
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Fractal and Defected Ground Structure Microstrip Antenna
Dual-Band Compact Transparent Fractal Antenna for Smart WLAN Applications
1 Introduction
2 Structure of Proposed Antenna
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
A Tapered Circular CPW-Fed Wideband Fractal Patch Antenna for IoT Applications
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Work
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
A Novel Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for X-Band and WiMAX Applications
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Antenna Design and Its Configuration
2.1 Proposed Antenna Design Equation
3 Simulation and Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
Design and Analysis of DGS-Based Fractal Antenna for Metrological Satellite
1 Introduction
2 Defected Ground Structure
3 Fractal Structure
4 Proposed Fractal Antenna
5 Result and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Part V: Importance and Uses of Microstrip Antenna in IoT
Applications of Microstrip Antenna in IoT
1 Introduction
2 Microstrip Patch Antenna
3 Wearable Gadgets for Remote Health Care
4 In-Vehicles for Safety
5 Sensor Network Antennas
6 Smart Home
References
Design of High Gain and Low Side Lobe Smart Antenna Array for IoT Applications on Human Monitoring
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 System Design
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Planar Multiband Smart Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications
1 Introduction
2 Antenna Design
2.1 Progression of Antenna Design
2.2 Effect of Rectangular Cut and Slot on Antenna Performance
3 Results and Discussion
4 MIMO Antenna Design
5 Comparison of Other MIMO Antennas with Multiband Planar MIMO Antenna
6 Conclusion
7 Future Work
References
Part VI: Ultra-Wide-Band Antenna Design for Wearable Applications
A Low-Profile Compact EBG Integrated Circular Monopole Antenna for Wearable Medical Application
1 Introduction
2 Antenna and EBG Design
2.1 Design of Low-Profile Circular Monopole Textile Antenna
2.2 EBG Design
3 Jerusalem Cross-Based EBG Array Integrated Circular Monopole Antenna
4 Performance of the Designed Circular Monopole Textile Antenna with the Human Body
4.1 Reflection Coefficient
4.2 Bending
4.3 SAR
5 Conclusion
References
Slot-Based Miniaturized Textile Antenna for Wearable Application
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Textile Material Investigation
4 Design Procedure of Antenna
5 Performance Analysis
6 Bending and Human Body Analysis
7 Parametric Analysis and Variations
8 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
Terahertz Antenna Technology for Detection of Explosives and Weapons: A Concise Review
1 Introduction
1.1 Sources of Terahertz Frequencies [12]
1.2 Detectors of Terahertz Frequencies [13]
2 Applications of Terahertz Frequencies
3 Material Properties at Terahertz Radiation
4 Types of Terahertz Antenna
4.1 Overview of Microstrip Antennas
4.1.1 Terahertz Microstrip Antenna and Design Calculations
4.2 Terahertz Microstrip/Planar Antenna for Wireless Detection of Explosives and Weapons
5 Design and Testing Challenges in Terahertz Antennas
6 Conclusions
References
Part VII: Microstrip Antenna Design for Various and Miscellaneous Applications
Determination of Moisture Content from Microstrip Moisture Sensor with Minimum Mean Relative Error
1 Introduction
2 Results and Discussions
2.1 Design and Analysis of Microstrip Moisture Sensor
2.2 Obtained Calibration Equation and Regression Coefficient
3 Conclusion
References
Configurable OPFET-Based Photodetector for 5G Smart Antenna Applications
1 Introduction
2 OPFET Model
2.1 Device Modeling
2.1.1 Photogenerated Hole Density in the Gate Junction Region in Front-Illuminated Devices
2.1.2 Photogenerated Hole Density in the Gate Junction Region in Back-Illuminated Devices
2.1.3 Photo-Induced Channel Electron Density in the Front-Illuminated OPFETs
2.1.4 Photo-Induced Channel Electron Density in the Back-Illuminated OPFETs
Surface-Gate OPFET
Buried-Gate OPFET
2.1.5 Photo-Induced Depletion Region Electron Density in the Front-Illuminated OPFETs
2.1.6 Photo-Induced Depletion Region Electron Density in the Back-Illuminated OPFETs
2.1.7 Drain Current
2.1.8 S Parameters
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Bandwidth Optimization of a Novel Slotted Fractal Antenna Using Modified Lightning Attachment Procedure Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Antenna Geometry
4 Bandwidth Optimization
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Reflection Coefficient
5.2 Radiation Pattern
5.3 Gain
6 Comparison
7 Conclusion
References
Design and Fabrication of Axially Corrugated Gaussian Profiled Horn Antenna
1 Introduction
2 Design Parameters
2.1 Axial Profiled Corrugated Horn Antenna
2.2 Gaussian Profiled Corrugated Horn Antenna
2.3 Axially Corrugated Gaussian Profiled Horn Antenna (ACGPHA)
3 Result Summary
3.1 Simulation Design
3.2 Fabricated Design
4 Conclusion
References
Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas Arranged in Circular Array for RADAR
1 Introduction
2 Designing and Characteristics of Individual Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna
3 Array of Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna
4 Array of Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Radome
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Index