This book examines the control of prison disorder through the application of situational crime prevention principles. It spans two subject areas--crime prevention and corrections--and may interest academics as well as practitioners in these fields. On one hand, the book presents a new model of situational prevention that has applications beyond institutions to community settings. On the other, the examination of particular problem behaviors provides a comprehensive review of the prison control literature that does not depend upon a specific interest in situational crime prevention.
Author(s): Richard Wortley
Series: Cambridge Studies in Criminology
Edition: 1
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2002
Language: English
Pages: 268
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
TABLES......Page 12
Foreword......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 16
PART I Theoretical foundations......Page 17
CHAPTER 1 Introduction: why situational prison control?......Page 19
The efficacy of situational prison control......Page 21
The propriety of situational prison control......Page 25
Conclusions and scope of the book......Page 27
Behaviour theory......Page 31
Environmental cues......Page 32
Consequent determinants......Page 33
Modelling......Page 34
Expectancy effects......Page 35
Cognitive disengagement......Page 36
Conformity......Page 38
Obedience......Page 39
Compliance......Page 41
Deindividuation......Page 42
Frustration-aggression hypothesis......Page 43
Environmental psychology......Page 44
Atmospheric conditions......Page 45
Crowding......Page 46
Rational choice perspective......Page 48
Conclusions......Page 49
Control and the physical environment......Page 52
First-generation prisons......Page 53
Second-generation prisons......Page 55
Third-generation prisons......Page 56
Recent developments......Page 58
Population size......Page 59
Population density......Page 60
Population turnover......Page 61
Population composition......Page 62
Control and the prison regime......Page 63
The control model......Page 65
The responsibility model......Page 66
The consensual model......Page 67
Conclusions......Page 68
CHAPTER 4 A model of situational prison control......Page 71
Situational precipitators......Page 73
Controlling prompts......Page 74
REDUCING INAPPROPRIATE IMITATION......Page 75
REDUCING INAPPROPRIATE OBEDIENCE......Page 76
REDUCING ANONYMITY......Page 77
CLARIFYING RESPONSIBILITY......Page 78
PERSONALISING VICTIMS......Page 79
REDUCING CROWDING......Page 80
Situational regulators......Page 81
DEFLECTING OFFENDERS......Page 83
FORMAL SURVEILLANCE......Page 84
TARGET REMOVAL......Page 85
Increasing anticipated punishments......Page 86
INCREASING SOCIAL CONDEMNATION......Page 87
Too-hard control......Page 88
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE CONTROL THAT EXERTS PRESSURE......Page 89
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE CONTROL THAT PROVOKES......Page 90
Too-soft control......Page 91
Conclusions......Page 92
PART II Specific behaviours......Page 93
Definition and incidence......Page 95
Motivation......Page 96
SEASONAL VARIATIONS......Page 97
TIME......Page 98
LOCATION......Page 99
HOUSING TYPE......Page 100
FUNCTIONAL UNITS......Page 101
CONTROL OVER THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 102
SIZE......Page 103
CROWDING......Page 104
AGE COMPOSITION......Page 105
GENDER COMPOSITION......Page 106
STAFF EXPERIENCE......Page 107
SECURITY CRACKDOWNS......Page 108
CONTROLS ON PERSONAL PROPERTY......Page 110
PROGRAMME AVAILABILITY......Page 111
PAROLE AND REMISSION......Page 112
INCENTIVES......Page 113
Conclusions......Page 114
Definition and incidence......Page 117
Patterns......Page 119
Motivation......Page 121
LOCATION......Page 122
FUNCTIONAL UNITS......Page 123
RACIAL COMPOSITION......Page 124
FURLOUGHS AND CONJUGAL VISITS......Page 125
REACTIONS OF OTHER PRISONERS......Page 126
RESPONSES OF GUARDS......Page 127
PROTECTING VULNERABLE PRISONERS......Page 129
Conclusions......Page 130
Definition and incidence......Page 133
Patterns......Page 134
Motivation......Page 135
SECURITY LEVEL......Page 137
LOCATION......Page 138
FUNCTIONAL UNITS......Page 140
CROWDING......Page 141
RACIAL COMPOSITION......Page 142
PRISONER–STAFF INTERACTIONS......Page 143
STAFF–PRISONER RATIO......Page 145
STAFF RACIAL COMPOSITION......Page 146
STAFF AUTHORITY......Page 147
SECURITY CRACKDOWNS......Page 148
DETERMINATE SENTENCING......Page 149
Conclusions......Page 151
CHAPTER 8 Self-harm......Page 152
Definition and incidence......Page 153
Patterns......Page 154
Motivation......Page 155
SEASONAL VARIATIONS......Page 156
SECURITY LEVEL......Page 157
LOCATION......Page 158
HOUSING TYPE......Page 159
CELL DESIGN......Page 161
FUNCTIONAL UNITS......Page 163
CROWDING......Page 164
REACTIONS OF STAFF......Page 165
SURVEILLANCE PROTOCOLS......Page 166
PROGRAMME AVAILABILITY......Page 167
Conclusions......Page 168
Definition and incidence......Page 171
Patterns......Page 173
Motivation......Page 174
TIME......Page 176
SIZE......Page 177
SCREENING STAFF......Page 178
DRUG TESTING OF PRISONERS......Page 179
DRUG SEARCHES......Page 181
THE CONDUCT OF VISITS......Page 182
METHADONE PROGRAMMES......Page 184
SUBSTANCE-FREE ZONES......Page 185
Conclusions......Page 186
Definition and incidence......Page 189
Patterns......Page 190
Motivation......Page 191
STAGE OF SENTENCE......Page 193
SEASONAL VARIATIONS......Page 194
TIME......Page 195
FUNCTIONAL UNITS......Page 196
PERIMETER SECURITY......Page 197
GRADUATED REDUCTIONS IN SECURITY LEVEL......Page 198
PRISON DISCIPLINE......Page 199
GENERAL DETERRENCE......Page 200
PROTECTION AND TRANSFERS......Page 201
COUNSELLING......Page 202
VISITS AND FURLOUGHS......Page 203
Conclusions......Page 204
Definition and incidence......Page 206
Patterns......Page 207
Motivation......Page 208
TIME AND LOCATION......Page 211
PRISON AGE......Page 212
FUNCTIONAL UNITS......Page 213
SECURITY FIREBREAKS......Page 214
CROWDING......Page 215
STAFF TRAINING......Page 216
STAFF RACIAL COMPOSITION......Page 217
INMATE–STAFF RELATIONS......Page 218
CONTROLLING CONTRABAND......Page 219
PRISONER TRANSFERS......Page 220
MEDIA MANAGEMENT......Page 221
USE OF FORCE......Page 223
Conclusions......Page 224
Is situational prison control necessary?......Page 227
Situational control versus traditional approaches......Page 228
Situational control versus the deprivation model......Page 230
The utility of the two-stage model......Page 233
Labelling interventions......Page 234
Hard and soft control......Page 235
Hard or soft control......Page 237
Conclusions: ‘more research needed’......Page 239
References......Page 242
Index......Page 264
