This book presents an interdisciplinary approach to the question of how observer participant perspectives are generated, what constrains them and how they may be modified. These questions are of vital importance and must be addressed in any discipline before formulating a hypothesis or designing a model about reality. Both epistemological questions about the nature of temporal nested structures and practical applications of our ability to contextualize are discussed. The resulting temporal observer participant perspectives reflect approaches to the concept of simultaneity from the viewpoints of philosophers, logicians, cyberneticists and systems theorists, mathematicians, psychologists, medical practitioners, physicists, educationists, economists and musicologists. Although the main focus is on the cognitive sciences, as constraints to observer perspectives arise primarily from this field, the book will appeal to researchers of all disciplines and interested layman readers.
Contents: Observer Perspectives: Epistemological Background: Fractal Time: Extended Observer Perspectives (S Vrobel); Mirror Neurons: Evidence for the Great Simulator and Vrobelism (O E Rössler); Brain Time and Physical Time (U Fidelman); Identifying Temporal Observer Perspectives: On Time Experience in Depression (H M Emrich et al.); Ordinate Logics of Living Systems (J L R Chandler); Utilizing Fractal Time (T Marks-Tarlow); Disentangling Temporal Simultaneous Contrasts: Relativity of Scales: Application of an Endo-Perspective of Temporal Structures (L Nottale & P Timar); A Review of Flicker-Noise Spectroscopy: Information in Chaotic Signals (S F Timashev & Y S Polyakov); Modeling Common-Sense Decisions (M Zak); Synchronization: Computer Simulations as Hidden Time-Ecologies (G Koehler); Anti-Flaring: How to Prevent the Market from Overheating (A P Schmidt & O E Rössler); Endonomics: Looking Behind the Economic Curtain (A P Schmidt & O E Rössler); and other papers.
Author(s): Susie Vrobel, Susie Vrobel, Otto Rossler, Terry Marks-tarlow
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 492
CONTENTS......Page 12
Foreword......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Introduction......Page 16
Part I: Observer Perspectives: Epistemological Background......Page 30
1. Introduction: One Dimension is not Enough......Page 32
2. Fractal Time......Page 34
3. The Nested Now: Simultaneity Horizons......Page 37
4. The Extended Observer......Page 39
5. Conclusion......Page 41
References......Page 42
1. Introduction......Page 44
2. Deductive Biology......Page 45
3. Parallel Picture Processing......Page 47
4. Mirror Neurons......Page 48
6. Time on the Big Screen......Page 50
7. Self-Similarity......Page 52
8. Toward Applications......Page 53
9. Conclusions......Page 54
References......Page 55
1. Introduction......Page 58
2. The Theory of Instantaneous Being......Page 59
3. The Concept of Now in Dogen’s Philosophy......Page 61
4. Time and Concrete Existence are Indivisible......Page 72
5. Conclusions......Page 73
References......Page 75
1. Introduction......Page 76
2.1. Inside versus Outside Observation......Page 77
2.2. Observation as a System......Page 78
2.3. The Representation Problem and Two Aspects of Observation......Page 79
3.1. Ontology......Page 80
3.3. Infinite Complexity and Self-Containment......Page 81
3.4.3. Non-locality and Locality......Page 82
3.4.4. The Duality Relation......Page 83
4.1. Self-Organization and Holism......Page 84
4.2. The System From the Viewpoint of Spacetime Holism......Page 85
4.3. Overlapping Systems......Page 86
5. The Cognitive Scenario......Page 88
References......Page 90
5. A Systems-Theoretical Generalization of Non-Local Correlations N. von Stillfried......Page 91
1. Introduction......Page 92
2. Non-local Correlations in Quantum Mechanics......Page 93
3. Non-local Correlations as a General Systems-inherent Principle......Page 97
References......Page 105
1. Introduction: The Hemispheric Paradigm......Page 108
3. The Direction of Brain Time......Page 110
4. The Multidimensionality of Time......Page 113
5. Physical Time and the Brain......Page 114
7. Is There an Independent Physical Time?......Page 115
References......Page 116
Part II: Identifying Temporal Observer Perspectives......Page 118
7. Simultaneity in Emotional Moments G. L. Clore......Page 120
1. Introduction......Page 121
2. Emotions are Emergents......Page 123
3. Emotions as Meta-Experiences......Page 126
4. Mood Influences on Judgment......Page 127
5. Mood Influences on Thought......Page 129
6. Multiple Kinds of Good......Page 131
7. The Emergence of Depth in Vision......Page 133
8. Conclusion......Page 134
Acknowledgement......Page 135
References......Page 136
8. On Time Experience in Depression H. M. Emrich, C. Bonnemann and D. E. Dietrich......Page 138
2. Time and Affect: Something about Anxiety......Page 139
3. Internal Balance of Values......Page 143
4. Inner Time Consciousness in Depression......Page 144
5. System Theory and Forgetting......Page 147
6. Neurobiological Experience......Page 149
7. Creativity, Consciousness and Forgetting......Page 154
References......Page 157
1. Introduction: The Concept of Episodic Memory......Page 159
1.1 Self-Reference of Episodic Autobiographical Memory......Page 162
1.2 Episodic Memory and Emotional Context......Page 163
2. Brain Mechanisms and Behavioral Characteristics of Episodic Memory......Page 164
2.1.1 The Hippocampus and Temporal Context Memory......Page 170
2.1.2 Context Memory and Executive Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex......Page 171
2.1.3 The Role of the Retrosplenial Cortex in Context Memory......Page 173
3. Conclusions and Outlook......Page 175
References......Page 176
1. Introduction......Page 179
2. Evolutionary Drive......Page 182
2.1. Micro-Diversity – the Basis of Evolutionary Drive......Page 183
2.2. Evolution as the Result of Micro-Diversity......Page 187
2.3. Probabilistic Evolutionary Drive......Page 189
3. Complexity and Temporal Emergence......Page 192
4. Complexity in Human Systems......Page 195
4.1. A Fisheries Example......Page 196
4.2. Emergent Market Structure......Page 197
4.3. Evolution of Manufacturing Organisations......Page 201
4.4. Research Communities......Page 205
5. Conclusions......Page 206
References......Page 208
11. Ordinate Logics of Living Systems J. LR. Chandler......Page 211
1. Introduction......Page 212
2. Ordinate Logics......Page 213
3. Composing Ordinate Logics......Page 215
4. Ordinate Logics for the Natural Sciences......Page 217
5. Discussion......Page 221
References......Page 222
1. Introduction......Page 224
2. Brain Engagement: Evidence from the Electroencephalogram (EEG)......Page 225
4. Complex Brain Engagement, and Skill Learning......Page 227
5. Context of Purpose within Skill Learning......Page 229
6. Context of Authority within Skill Learning......Page 234
7. Context of Brain Processing Interrelationships within Skill Learning......Page 236
References......Page 241
1. Introduction: Circles to Arrows to Spirals of Time......Page 244
3. A Nonlinear Model......Page 246
4. What is Fractal Time?......Page 247
5. Fractal Time and Subjectivity......Page 249
6. Infinite Moments......Page 251
7. Fractal Flowers versus Too Many Balls in the Air......Page 253
8. Psychological Complexity......Page 254
References......Page 255
Part III: Disentangling Temporal Simultaneous Contrasts......Page 256
1. Introduction......Page 258
2. Relativity of Position, Orientation, Motion and Gravitation......Page 259
3. Scale Relativity......Page 261
4. Log-Periodic Laws......Page 262
5. Application to Parkinson’s Disease......Page 264
6. The Will of the Ball......Page 268
References......Page 270
15. Unpacking Simultaneity for Differing Observer Perspectives and Qualities of Environment B. Seaman......Page 272
2. The Human Observer......Page 273
3. Human Observation of Measurements that are Augmented by Differing Tools and/or Machines......Page 278
4. Micro vs Macro Time Scales......Page 281
5. Computational Models Functioning as Machinic Observers, in Which Humans Become Super-Observers......Page 282
7. Neosentient Machines - Potential Future Observers......Page 285
8. Conclusions and Outlook......Page 286
References......Page 287
1. Introduction: Castrating Pretences......Page 289
2. Shortage of Sex and Lack of Life as Defining Points of Psychoanalytical Thinking......Page 290
3. À Chacun, Chacune, à Lacan, Lacune......Page 291
4. Theory of Sexual Complexity: the Problematic Self in Self Organization......Page 295
5. And Beyond: Towards a Grand Unifying Theory of Complex Psychoanalysis......Page 297
References......Page 298
1. Introduction......Page 299
2.1. Basic principles......Page 301
2.2. Interpolation formulas......Page 304
2.3. Parameterization algorithm......Page 307
2.4. Correlation links in the dynamics of distributed systems......Page 308
3. Analysis of Fluctuations in Electroencephalograms......Page 309
References......Page 314
1. Introduction......Page 315
2. Lattice Models Employing Binary Model Neurons......Page 317
3.1 The Integrate-and-Fire Neuron......Page 320
3.2 A Simple Recurrent Excitatory Network with Lateral Inhibition......Page 324
4. Conclusions......Page 327
References......Page 328
1. Introduction......Page 330
2. The Simplest Model of Livings......Page 334
3. Modified Model......Page 341
4. General Model......Page 343
5. Model Interpretation......Page 344
6. Decision Making Process......Page 346
7. Decision via Choice of Attractors......Page 348
8. Decision via Phase Transition......Page 351
9. Discussion and Conclusion......Page 353
References......Page 355
Part IV: Synchronization......Page 356
1. Introduction......Page 358
2. Synchrony in Nonverbal Behavior......Page 360
3. Synchrony in Psychotherapy......Page 363
3.1 Motion Energy Analysis (MEA)......Page 364
3.2 Cross-correlation of Nonverbal Movement Behavior......Page 367
3.3 Evolution of Synchrony in Dyadic Psychotherapy......Page 369
3.4 Analysis......Page 370
3.5 Results......Page 371
4. Discussion......Page 372
References......Page 373
21. Temporal Perspective from Auditory Perception G. Baier and T. Hermann......Page 377
1. The Challenge of Complex Dynamical Diseases......Page 378
2. Listening to Complex Events......Page 379
3. Listening in 19th Century Medicine......Page 381
4. The Fate of Mediate Auscultation......Page 383
5. Sonification......Page 384
6. The Sonification of Physiologic Data......Page 386
7. Some Implications......Page 389
8. A Multimodal “Gaze” at the Human Body......Page 390
References......Page 391
1. Introduction: Musical Space......Page 393
2. Listening to the (Electro-acoustic) World......Page 394
3. Dichotic Listening and Auditive Information Processing......Page 396
4. Pluralistic Music......Page 397
5. Defining “Dichotic Music”......Page 400
6. Speculation and Outlook......Page 401
References......Page 404
1. Introduction: Simulations in Silica......Page 406
2. Time the Familiar Simulation Stranger......Page 408
3. Time-Ecology: The Agent on its Landscape......Page 410
4. Time Ecology Levels and Temporal Causal Complexity......Page 413
5. The Temporal Signature: Local Dynamic Nootemporality......Page 416
6. Agent Local Time as Patterns of Networks of Temporal Level Appropriate Velocity Cones......Page 417
7. Space-Time of Landscapes......Page 419
8. Simulation Causality Issues and Suggestions for Improving NetLogo......Page 420
References......Page 422
1. Introduction......Page 424
2. Timing......Page 425
3. Matrix Analysis......Page 426
4. Anti-Flaring......Page 428
References......Page 429
1. Introduction......Page 431
2. Looking Behind the Curtain......Page 432
4. Calculating the Feedback Loops......Page 433
5. Avoiding Panic......Page 435
References......Page 436
1. Introduction......Page 438
3. Economic Analysis......Page 439
4. Endonomics......Page 440
5. Sum-up......Page 441
References......Page 442
1. Introduction......Page 443
2. A “Time-Loop” Model for Absorber-Type Cortical Representation of Visual Space......Page 447
3. Oscillating Cycles of Synfire Chains as the Representational Basis for Spatio-Temporal Interaction in the Brain......Page 449
4. Anticipatory Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators......Page 451
5. Absorber-Type Effects in Cortical Synchronization – Evidence from the Spatio-Temporal Integration of Visual Processing......Page 454
6. Is the Outcome of the Libet Experiment Due to a Possible Absorber Effect in Sensory-Motor Coordination?......Page 457
7. The Kosyrev Effect......Page 459
References......Page 462
1. Introduction......Page 465
2. Space, Time, Energy & Consciousness......Page 467
3. Body Time – Cell Synchronisation......Page 470
4. Health & Timing......Page 475
5. Time Base Diseases......Page 477
6. Conclusion......Page 481
References......Page 482
Author Index......Page 484
Subject Index......Page 486
