Sims' Symptoms in the Mind: Textbook of Descriptive Psychopathology

Front Cover
Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind
Sims’ Symptomsin the Mind: Textbook of Descriptive
Psychopathology
Copyright
Contents
Preface to the Seventh Edition
Additional Materials Within Accompanying Electronic Version
Dedication
I - CONCEPTS AND METHOD
1 - Fundamental Concepts of Descriptive Psychopathology
Summary
What Is Psychopathology?
Phenomenology and Psychopathology
Concepts
DISEASE AND ILLNESS
NORMS, NORMAL AND ABNORMAL
UNDERSTANDING AND UN-UNDERSTANDABLE
EMPATHY
FORM AND CONTENT
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PHENOMENA
SUBJECTIVITY AND OBJECTIVITY IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
UNCONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE AND PHENOMENOLOGY
ORGANIC AND NEURAL SUBSTRATES AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
MIND–BRAIN DUALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
2 - Eliciting the Symptoms of Mental Illness
Summary
Diagnosis and Labelling
The Psychiatric History
Premorbid, Previous or Usual Personality
Differentiation of Personality Disorder
The Mental State Examination
Systematic Enquiry
II - CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION
3 - Consciousness and Disturbed Consciousness
Summary
Disorders of Consciousness
DIMENSIONAL CHANGES IN LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Unconsciousness
Abnormalities of Vigilance
Abnormalities of Lucidity
Abnormalities of Consciousness of Self
QUALITATIVE CHANGES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Delirium
Fluctuation of Consciousness
Confusion
OTHER TERMS
Twilight State
Mania à Potu (Pathologic Intoxication)
Automatism
Dream-like(Oneiroid) State
Stupor
Sleep Disorders
4 - Attention, Concentration, Orientation and Sleep
Summary
Attention, Awareness and Concentration
Alteration of the Degree of Attention
Disorder of Attention in Psychosis
HEMI-INATTENTION
Orientation
Disorientation
Delusions that Mimic Disorientation
Dissociation and Disorientation
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Hypersomnia
Parasomnias
Dreams
Hypnosis
5 - Disturbance of Memory
Summary
Mechanisms of Memory
Sensory Memory
SHORT-TERMMEMORY
LONG-TERMMEMORY
Organic Impairment of Memory
Impairment of Registration/Encoding
Impairment of Retention
Impairment of Retrieval or Recall
Impairment of Recognition
Disturbances of Memory
Déjà Vu and Related Phenomena (Paramnesia)
Selective Forgetting
Falsification of Memory
Meaningful Disturbances of Memory
Psychogenic Disturbance of Memory
Dissociative Focal Retrograde Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Recovered Memory and False Memory Syndrome
Memory Disturbance Secondary to Psychiatric Disorder
Confabulation
Perseveration
Memory Impairment in Schizophrenia
Affective Disorder of Memory
Ganser State
III - AWARENESS OF REALITY: TIME,PERCEPTION AND JUDGEMENT
6 - Disorder of Time
Summary
OBJECTIVE (CLOCK) TIME AND SUBJECTIVE (PERSONAL) TIME
BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS AND TIME
Disorder of Objective Time
DISORIENTATION IN TIME
AGE DISORIENTATION
DISORDER OF TIME DURATION
DISORDER OF CHRONOLOGY (TEMPORAL ORDER)
Disorder of Subjective (Personal) Time
DISORDER OF FLOW OF TIME
DISORDER OF DIRECTION OF TIME
DISORDER OF UNIQUENESS OF TIME
DISORDER OF QUALITY OF TIME
Biological Rhythms and Their Relation to Psychiatry
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
MONTHLY CYCLES
SEASONAL VARIATION
LIFE EPOCHS
7 - Pathology of Perception
Summary
Sensation and Perception
Imagery
Form Constants, Extension and Synaesthesia
Private Speech and Inner Speech
Abnormal Perception
Sensory Distortions
Elementary Aspects of Visual Perception
Elementary Aspects of Auditory Perception
Elementary Aspects of Tactile Perception
Splitting of Perception
False Perception
Illusion
Hallucination
Auditory Hallucination
Visual Hallucination
Hallucination of Bodily Sensation
Olfactory and Gustatory Hallucination
Olfactory Hallucinations
Gustatory Hallucinations
Differentiation of Hallucinations
Pseudohallucinations
Other Abnormalities of Perception
Autoscopy
Extracampine Hallucination (Concrete Awareness)
Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucination
Functional Hallucination
Reflex Hallucination
Abnormal Imagery
Sensory Deprivation
8 - Delusions and Other Erroneous Ideas
Summary
Ideas, Beliefs and Delusions
Meaning of Delusion
Definition of Delusion
Primary and Secondary Delusions
THE ULTIMATELY UN-UNDERSTANDABLE
How Ideas and Delusions Are Initiated
Secondary Delusions
Types of Primary Delusion
Autochthonous Delusion (Delusional Intuition)
Delusional Percept
Delusional Atmosphere
Delusional Memory
The Origins of Delusion
Cognition and Reasoning in Delusion
Attribution in Delusion
Delusion and Meaning in Life
Content of Delusions
Delusions of Persecution
Morbid Jealousy and Delusion of Infidelity
Delusions of Love
Delusional Misidentification
Grandiose Delusions
Religious Delusions
Delusions of Guilt and Unworthiness
Delusions of Poverty and Nihilistic Delusions
Hypochondriacal Delusions
Delusions of Infestation
Communicated Insanity
Delusions of Control
The Reality of Delusions
Erroneous Ideation
Overvalued Idea
Paranoid Ideas and Syndromes
9 - Disorder of the Thinking Process
Summary
Types of Thinking
Fantasy Thinking
Imaginative Thinking
Rational Or Conceptual Thinking
HEURISTICS AND DECISION-MAKING
The Processes of Disordered Thinking
A Model Of Associations Based On Jaspers
Acceleration Of Thinking
Retardation
Circumstantial Thinking
Interruption To The Flow Of Thought
Thought Blocking
Changes In The Flow Of Thinking
Disturbance of Judgement
Disturbance Of Judgement And Delusion
Concrete Thinking
Psychological Theories Of Thinking In Schizophrenia
Over-InclusiveThinking
Schizophrenic Inattention and Abnormality of Working Memory: Effect on Performance
Disorder of Control of Thinking
Delusions Of The Control Of Thought
First-RankSymptoms of Schizophrenia
Examples of First-RankSymptoms
10 - Disorder of Speech and Language
Summary
Speech Disturbances
Aphonia And Dysphonia
Dysarthria
Stuttering And Stammering
Logoclonia
Echolalia
Changes In The Volume And Intonation Of Speech
Unintelligible Speech
Organic Disorders of Language
Sensory Dysphasia
Pure Word Deafness (Subcortical Auditory Dysphasia)
Pure Word Blindness (Subcortical Visual Aphasia)
Primary Sensory Dysphasia (Receptive Dysphasia)
Nominal Dysphasia
Jargon Dysphasia
Motor Aphasia
Pure Word Dumbness
Pure Agraphia
Primary Motor Dysphasia
Alexia with Agraphia
Isolated Speech Area
Mutism
Schizophrenic Language Disorder
Clinical Description And Thought Disorder
Misuse of Words and Phrases
Destruction of Words and Grammar
Psychogenic Abnormalities
Statistical Model Of Language
Linguistic Approaches To Schizophrenia
Syntactical Analysis
Propositional Analysis
11 - Insight
Summary
Insight in Clinical Practice
Overview of the Concept
Development Of The Concept
Measurement of Insight
Schizophrenia
Insight and Cognitive Impairment
Outcome
Bipolar Disorders
Criticisms of the Concept
Aetiology of Impaired Insight
IV - SELF AND BODY
12 - The Disordered Self
Summary
Ego and Self
Embodiment and the Self
Self-Conceptand Body Image
Self-Imageand NonverbalCommunication
Awareness of the Body
Disorders of Self
DISORDER OF BEING OR EGO VITALITY
DISORDER OF ACTIVITY
DISORDER OF SINGLENESS OR EGO CONSISTENCY AND COHERENCE
Autoscopy (Heautoscopy)
Multiple Personality (Dissociative Identity Disorder)
Lability in the Awareness of Personality
DISORDER OF IDENTITY
Possession State
DISORDER OF THE BOUNDARIES OF SELF OR EGO DEMARCATION
Boundaries of Self in Schizophrenia
Other Alterations to Boundaries
13 - Depersonalization
Summary
Definitions and Descriptions
Subjective Experience Of Depersonalization
Organic and Psychological Theories
Depersonalization: Further Considerations
14 - Disorder of the Awareness of the Body
Summary
The Body in Psychopathology
Classification
Hypochondriasis
What Is Hypochondriasis
Psychopathology of the Hypochondriacal Patient
Disorders of Bodily Function—Conversion and Dissociation
Disorders of the Physical Characteristics and Emotional Value of the Body (Dislike of the Body)
Disorders of the Physical Characteristics of the Body
Disturbance of Shape Experience
Reduplication of The Body or its Parts
Dysmorphophobia (Body Dysmorphic Disorder)
Body Integrity Identity Disorder
Disturbance of Eating and Body Size
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Muscle Dysmorphia
Disorders of the Sensory Awareness of the Body (Organic Changes in Body Image)
Pathologic Accentuation of Body Image (Hyperschemazia)
Diminished or Absent Body Image (Hyposchemazia, Aschemazia)
Distortion of the Body Image (Paraschemazia)
Phantom Limb
Culture-BoundDisorders of Body Image
15 - The Psychopathology of Pain
Summary
Organic or Psychogenic Pain
Pain and Heightened Sensation
Diminished Pain Sensation and Pain Craving
Pain Without Organic Cause
Pain And Loss
Psychogenic Facial Pain
Burning Mouth Syndrome
Vulvodynia
Psychogenic Itch
Pain and Suffering
V - EMOTIONS AND ACTION
16 - Affect and Emotional Disorders
Summary
Theories of Emotion
Basic Emotions
Communication of Mood
Classification of Pathology of Emotions
Pathologic Changes in Basic Emotions
CHANGES IN INTENSITY OF EMOTIONS
Diminution of Intensity: Feeling of a Loss of Feeling
Anhedonia
Exacerbation of Emotions: Melancholia, Mania and Ecstasy
Intensification of Fear, Anger and Surprise
CHANGES IN TIMING, DURATION AND APPROPRIATENESS TO SITUATION
Timing, Duration and Appropriateness to Situation
ABNORMALITIES OF EXPRESSION AND APPROPRIATENESS TO OBJECT
Blunting and Flattening of Feeling
Bodily Feelings Associated with Emotion
Feelings Attached to the Perception of Objects
Feelings Directed Towards People
Free-FloatingEmotion
Abnormality of Experience and Physiologic Activity
Abnormalities of Evaluation
Abnormality of Mood in Bipolar Disorder
Depression of Mood
CORE EXPERIENCE: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL
SHAME AND GUILT
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS
DEPRESSION AND LOSS
Grief
Mania
17 - Anxiety, Panic, Irritability, Phobia and Obsession
Summary
Anxiety
Panic Attacks And Disorder
Phobic States
Anxiety In Other Disorders
Irritability
Obsessions and Compulsions
18 - Disorders of Volition and Execution
Summary
Urge, Drive and Will and Their Disturbance
Abnormalities of Need, Instinct, Motivation and Will
Organic Causes
Disturbance Of Volition In Schizophrenia
Disturbance Of Volition In Mood Disorders
Impulsive and Aggressive Acts
Psychopathology of Impulsive and Aggressive Behaviour
Diminished Aggression
Disturbance of Movement and Behaviour
Disturbance of Movement and Gesture
Agitation
Hyperactivity
Retardation
Disorder of Movement in Schizophrenia
Isolated Disorders of Movement and Posture
Disorder of Gesture in Schizophrenia
Disturbance of Behaviour
Behavioural Disorders of Schizophrenia
Behavioural Signs of Emotional Disturbance
19 - Disorder of Aesthetic Perception and Praxis
Summary
Abnormal Aesthetic Perceptions
Symmetry
Shape of Objects
Faces
Aesthetic Adaptations
Valuation of Landscape Features
Valuation of Human Bodily Form
Abnormal Aesthetic Praxis
Increased Artistic Production
Content of Visual Art Production
VI - VARIATIONS OF HUMAN NATURE
20 - The Expression of Disordered Personality
Summary
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Dissocial Personality Disorder
Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder
Impulsive Type
Borderline Type
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Anankastic Personality Disorder
Anxious (Avoidant) Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Persistent Mood Disorders
Other Personality Disorders
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
VII - DIAGNOSIS
21 - Psychopathology and Diagnosis
Summary
Concepts of Health and Psychopathology
Use of Symptoms to Form Diagnostic Categories
THE PRESENT STATE EXAMINATION
Postscript
USES OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
NEED FOR RESEARCH
Self-Assessment 1
Self-Assessment 2
Self-
Self-Assessment1: Answers
Self-Assessment2: Answers
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
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Q
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