Perfect for students with no background in logic or philosophy, Simple Formal Logic provides a full system of logic adequate to handle everyday and philosophical reasoning. By keeping out artificial techniques that aren’t natural to our everyday thinking process, Simple Formal Logic trains students to think through formal logical arguments for themselves, ingraining in them the habits of sound reasoning.
Simple Formal Logic features:
- a companion website with abundant exercise worksheets, study supplements (including flashcards for symbolizations and for deduction rules), and instructor’s manual
- two levels of exercises for beginning and more advanced students
- a glossary of terms, abbreviations and symbols
This book arose out of a popular course that the author has taught to all types of undergraduate students at Loyola University Chicago. He teaches formal logic without the artificial methods - methods that often seek to solve farfetched logical problems without any connection to everyday and philosophical argumentation. The result is a book that teaches easy and more intuitive ways of grappling with formal logic - and is intended as a rigorous yet easy-to-follow first course in logical thinking for philosophy majors and non-philosophy majors alike.
Author(s): Arnold vander Nat
Edition: 1
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 358
Cover......Page 1
SIMPLE FORMAL LOGIC with Common-Sense Symbolic Techniques......Page 2
Copyright - ISBN: 9780415997454......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 8
1.1 Introduction ......Page 12
1.2 Arguments ......Page 19
1.3 Evaluating Arguments ......Page 32
1.4 Classification of Sentences ......Page 38
1.5 Proofs, Inconclusive and Erroneous Arguments ......Page 47
1.6 Deductive and Inductive Validity ......Page 55
2.1 Introduction to Propositional Logic ......Page 63
2.2 Details about Negations ......Page 72
2.3 Details about Conditional Sentences ......Page 80
Reference Sheet for Conditional Sentences ......Page 87
2.4 Determining the Truth-Value of Sentences ......Page 91
2.5 Truth-Tables to Test the Validity of Arguments ......Page 96
2.6 Truth-Table Tests for Other Logical Concerns ......Page 104
2.7 Presentation of the Rules of Deduction ......Page 114
Reference Sheet for the Propositional Rules of Deduction ......Page 124
2.8 Making Deductions for Arguments ......Page 127
2.9 Strategy in Deductions ......Page 136
Twenty Sample Deductions ......Page 142
2.10 The Rules of Conditional Proof and Indirect Proof ......Page 146
2.11 Further Uses of Deductions ......Page 152
3.1 Introduction: New Perspectives ......Page 159
3.2 Categorical Sentences in Traditional Logic ......Page 161
3.3 English Variations on Categorical Forms ......Page 167
3.4 Venn Diagrams for Categorical Sentences ......Page 182
3.5 Venn Diagrams for Syllogisms and Equivalences ......Page 188
3.6 Equivalence Operations ......Page 196
3.7 Deductions in Traditional Logic ......Page 204
Reference Sheet for the Rules of Traditional Logic ......Page 217
3.8 Combining Propositional Logic with Syllogistic Logic ......Page 222
4.1 Introduction to Quantificational Logic ......Page 227
4.2 Types of English Simple Sentences and Other Details ......Page 236
Symbolizing 100 Quantificational Sentences ......Page 242
4.3 The Truth-Value of Quantificational Sentences ......Page 247
4.4 Deductions in Quantificational Logic ......Page 251
Reference Sheet for the Rules of Quantificational Logic ......Page 266
4.5 Deductions with Conditional Proof and Indirect Proof ......Page 270
4.6 Demonstrating Invalidity ......Page 274
4.7 Relational Sentences ......Page 277
4.8 Deductions with Relational Sentences ......Page 284
4.9 Working with Identities ......Page 290
5.1 Introduction ......Page 297
1. Argumentum ad Baculum ......Page 301
2. Argumentum ad Hominem ......Page 302
3. Argumentum ad Populum ......Page 303
4. Argumentum ad Verecundiam ......Page 304
5. Argumentum ad Misericordiam ......Page 306
6. Argumentum ad Ignorantiam ......Page 307
7. Tu Quoque Fallacy ......Page 308
8. Guilt by Association Fallacy ......Page 309
9. Red Herring Fallacy ......Page 310
10. Straw Man Fallacy ......Page 312
11. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc Fallacy ......Page 313
12. Fallacy of Special Pleading ......Page 314
13. Fallacy of Improper Generalization ......Page 315
14. Fallacy of Improper Instance ......Page 316
15. Complex Question Fallacy ......Page 317
16. Fallacy of Syntactic Ambiguity ......Page 319
17. Fallacy of Semantic Equivocation ......Page 320
18. Fallacy of Division ......Page 322
19. Fallacy of Composition ......Page 323
20. False Dichotomy Fallacy ......Page 325
21. Slippery Slope Fallacy ......Page 326
22. Fallacy of Ad Hoc Reasoning ......Page 327
23. Petitio Principii Fallacy ......Page 329
24. Fallacy of Inconsistent Premisses ......Page 330
Glossary and Index of Terms ......Page 336
List of Symbols and Abbreviations ......Page 356
