Taking the Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits of Ancient Japan) as a theoretical framework, this book examines shrinking Japan from a regional variation perspective by municipality along the ancient Tokaido, which comprises 15 provinces, and seven prefectures today. The study identifies the principal explanatory factors based on the small area data of e-Stat through GPS statistical software tools such as G-census and EvaCva, within a historical perspective. This historical knowledge helps in understanding the significance of the regional cultural heritage that remains in each municipality today. The book pays special attention to municipal variations within the same prefecture, presenting a completely unique approach from what other researchers have pursued.This volume studies two present-day prefectures along the ancient Tokaido for detailed analyses of the impacts of regional variations of population decline in Japan. They are Shizuoka Prefecture, made up of the former Tootoumi, Suruga, and Izu provinces, and Mie Prefecture, formed by the ancient provinces of Iga, Ise, Shima, and the eastern part of Kii as examples to show the impacts of municipal power on regional variations of shrinking Japan. The reasons for selecting these two prefectures of the ancient Tokaido are twofold. First, they are made up of a multiple number of the ancient provinces. Second, other prefectures that fall under the Tokaido have been studied in the previous works of the present author by adopting the same methods of analyses. Thus, by presenting unique analyses of regional variations on small municipal levels, with demographic variables, social indicators, and historical identities of municipalities in Shizuoka and Mie prefectures along the Tokaido, this book offers suggestions for effective regional policy to revitalize shrinking Japan to a sustainable one.
Author(s): Fumie Kumagai
Series: SpringerBriefs in Population Studies: Population Studies in Japan
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 138
City: Singapore
Preface
Prologue
Contents
1 Introduction: Shrinking Japan, the Goki-Shichido, the Tokaido, the Municipal Power, and the Methodology
1.1 The Model for Shrinking Japan
1.1.1 Shrinking Japan Defined
1.1.2 Sustainable Japan and Regional Revitalization Law of 2014
1.1.3 Municipal Power Defined
1.2 The Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits) and Provinces Under the Ritsuryo Code, and the Baku-Han Taisei of the Edo Shogunate
1.2.1 The Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits) and Provinces Under the Ritsuryo Code
1.2.2 The Baku-Han Taisei
1.3 The Tokaido
1.3.1 The Tokaido of the Goki-Shichido
1.3.2 The Tokaido Under the Baku-Han Taisei of the Edo Era
1.3.3 Sankin Kotai
1.4 Municipal Mergers
1.4.1 Histories of Municipal Mergers
1.4.2 Reasons for Municipal Mergers
1.4.3 Benefits of Municipal Mergers
1.4.4 Disadvantages of Municipal Mergers and Their Countermeasures
1.4.5 Machi vs. Cho and Mura vs. Son
1.4.6 Conditions for a Municipality Becoming a City
1.4.7 Conditions for a Municipality Becoming a Town
1.5 Basis for the Selection of Prefectures for In-Depth Studies: Shizuoka and Mie
1.6 Basis for the Selection of Municipalities Within the Prefecture
1.7 A Brief Explanation of the Methodology of the Study
Notes
References
2 Shizuoka Prefecture Along the Tokaido of the Goki-Shichido and Regional Variations
2.1 The Outlook and Regions of Shizuoka Prefecture
2.2 Regions of Shizuoka Prefecture
2.2.1 Seibu Region
2.2.2 Chubu Region
2.2.3 Tobu Region
2.2.4 Kamo Region
2.3 A Brief History of Shizuoka Prefecture
2.3.1 Toro Remains of the Yayoi Period
2.3.2 Shizuoka During the Edo Period
2.3.3 Shizuoka from the End of the Edo Period to the Meiji Era
2.3.4 Coming of Shizuoka-Domain
2.3.5 Coming of Shizuoka Prefecture
2.4 Population of Shizuoka Prefecture Today
2.4.1 Population Changes in Shizuoka Prefecture
2.4.2 Birth, Total Fertility Rates, Marriage, Divorce, and Deaths
2.4.3 Foreign Population in Shizuoka Prefecture Today
2.4.4 Migration in and out of Shizuoka Prefecture
2.4.5 Net Migration from Tokyo Metropolitan Area to Shizuoka Prefecture
2.4.6 Older Adult Population and Living Alone
2.5 Household Type, Marriage Power, and Population-Sustaining Power: Shizuoka Prefecture by Region, Nagaizumi-cho, Yoshida-cho, and Nishiizu-cho
2.6 Population Changes by Age Group: Shizuoka Prefecture by Region, Nagaizumi-cho, Yoshida-cho, and Nishi Izu-cho
2.7 Radar Chart of Shizuoka Prefecture: Nagaizumi-cho, Yoshida-cho, and Nishi Izu-cho
2.7.1 A Brief Discussion of Municipal Power of Yoshida-cho
2.7.2 A Brief Discussion of Municipal Power of Nishi Izu-cho
2.8 Municipal Power of Nagaizumi-cho of the Eastern Region in Izu Province
2.8.1 An Overview, and a Brief History of Nagaizumi-cho
2.8.2 Industries in Nagaizumi-cho
2.8.3 Population Changes in Nagaizumi-cho
2.8.4 Municipal Power of Nagaizumi-cho
2.8.5 Unresolved Issues of Nagaizumi-cho
Notes
References
3 Mie Prefecture Along the Tokaido of the Goki-Shichido and Regional Variations
3.1 The Outlook of Mie Prefecture
3.1.1 The History and Geographic Classification of Mie Prefecture
3.1.2 Mie Prefecture Belongs to Both the Chubu and the Kinki Regions Today
3.2 Areas of Mie Prefecture Today
3.2.1 Hokusei Area
3.2.2 Chusei Area
3.2.3 Ise-Shima Area
3.2.4 Iga Area
3.2.5 Higashikishu Area
3.3 A Brief History of Mie Prefecture
3.3.1 Paleolithic Era—Jomon Period-Yayoi Period-Tumulus Period
3.3.2 Asuka Period (645–709)
3.3.3 From Heian to Edo Period
3.3.4 Modern History of Mie Prefecture
3.4 Industries in Mie Prefecture
3.4.1 Manufacturing Industries
3.4.2 Tourism
3.4.3 Promoting the “Flying Car”
3.5 Changes in the Population of Mie Prefecture
3.5.1 Population Changes in Mie Prefecture
3.5.2 Population and Household Increase Rates in Mie Prefecture
3.5.3 Changes in Birth Rates and TFR in Mie Prefecture
3.5.4 Natural and Social Population Increase in Mie Prefecture
3.5.5 Older Adult Population and Living Alone in Mie Prefecture
3.6 Household Type, Marriage Power, and Population-Sustaining Power: Mie Prefecture by Region, Asahi-cho, Kawagoe-cho, and Minamiise-cho
3.7 Population Changes by Age Group in Mie Prefecture
3.8 Radar Chart of Mie Prefecture: Asahi-cho, Kawagoe-cho, and Minamiise-cho
3.9 Municipal Power of Asahi-cho of the Northern Region in Mie Province
3.9.1 An Overview and Brief History of Asahi-cho
3.9.2 Population Changes in Asahi-cho
3.9.3 Municipal Power and Reasons for the Population Increase in Asahi-cho
3.9.4 Unresolved Issues of Asahi-cho
3.10 Municipal Power of Minamiise-cho of the Southern Region in Mie Prefecture
3.10.1 An Overview and a Brief History of Minamiise-cho
3.10.2 Depopulation and Population Changes in Minamiise-cho
3.10.3 Population Changes in Minamiise-cho
3.10.4 Industries in Minamiise-cho
3.10.5 Municipal Power of Minamiise-cho
3.10.6 Unresolved Issues of Minamiise-cho
Notes
References
4 Epilogue: What Will the Population Be Along the Tokaido Beyond the Coronavirus Pandemic
4.1 The World Population Is Growing, but the Japanese Population Has Been Shrinking Since Around 2008
4.2 Population Concentration in Japan Along the Tokaido
4.3 The Population Share
4.4 Recent Changes in Population Increase Rates
4.4.1 Changes in Correlation Coefficients of Population Increase Rates: 2014–2021
4.4.2 Changes in Population Increase Rates (%) in Japan: 2017–2021
4.4.3 Changes in the Population Increase Rate: Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Shizuoka, and Mie Prefectures
4.5 Three Metropolitan Areas in Japan
4.5.1 Changes in Net Migration in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
4.5.2 The Breakdown of Changes in Net Migration in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area by Prefecture: Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo, and Kanagawa Prefectures
4.6 New Normal Lifestyles Under the Coronavirus Pandemic: Hybrid Work
4.6.1 What Is Hybrid Work?
4.6.2 Overcoming Demerits of Hybrid Work
4.7 Conclusion: Shrinking Japan in the Era of the New Normal Lifestyle
Notes
References
Author Index
Subject Index
