This book presents an innovative and environmentally friendly type of excavated earth-based building material, called Shot-Earth. The use of a common excavated earth as a construction material (both for structural and non-structural applications) has many important advantages, the main one being that the soil can be used as a zero kilo and zero cost material, being used in the same place where it is excavated. This volume collects the main results obtained by the research units in the FIRS2019-00245 research project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR) and dedicated to the study of Shot-Earth materials. Many of the exposed contributions concern the optimization of the mixture and application technique, which consists in the application of the mixture sprayed on a support (that serves as formwork), with or without reinforcements, by using a pressure pipe (that is by a high-speed projection). This new construction technique allows to quickly realise a variety of structural systems, even with a complex geometry (like vaults, arches, shells, tunnel coatings, underground tanks, waterproofing of walls for landfills and waste storages, slope stabilization, etc.). An additional feature of Shot-Earth is that it can be used to realise high energy-efficient buildings. In particular, this innovative technology can improve the capacity of a building to auto-regulate its interior heat and humidity, increasing indoor environment quality and energy performance and reducing building gas emissions.
Author(s): Angelo Marcello Tarantino, Franco Cotana, Marco Viviani
Series: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 151
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Experimental Characterization of the Main Physical Properties of the Shot-Earth
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Investigation
2.1 Materials and Methods
2.2 Preparation of Specimens
3 Results Provided by the Experimental Campaign
3.1 Compressive Test
3.2 Young Modulus
3.3 Poisson Ratio
3.4 Direct Tensile Test
3.5 Three Points Loading Bending Test
3.6 Analysis of the Experimental Data
4 Wall Samples
4.1 Axial Compression Test of Walls
4.2 Diagonal Compression Test
5 Conclusions
References
X-rays CT and Mesoscale FEM of the Shot-Earth Material
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Campaign: Micro-CT and Mechanical Tests
2.1 Micro Computed Tomography
2.2 Elastic Characteristics Estimation
3 Image Post Processing for FEM Reconstruction
3.1 Segmentation
3.2 Reconstruction
4 Experimental Tests
5 Comparisons in Terms of Elastic Properties
5.1 Numerical Homogenization
5.2 Numerical Results
6 Conclusions
References
Evaluation of the Elastic Properties of Shot-Earth: Analytical Modelling and Experimental Validation
1 Introduction
2 Mori-Tanaka Approach
3 Mechanical Characterization of Shot-Earth Materials
3.1 Porous Cement Paste
3.2 Mortar
3.3 Shot-Earth
4 Bounds for Multi-phase Materials
5 Experimental Campaign
6 Numerical Results
7 Conclusions
References
Novel Smart-Earth Composites for Sustainable Self-sensing Structures: Characterization of the Material and Applications on a Real-Scale Vault
1 Introduction
2 Aim of the Research
3 Materials
3.1 Laboratory Smart-Earth Samples
3.2 Preparation of the Shot-Earth Vault
3.3 Dispersion of Carbon Microfillers
4 Experimental Campaign
4.1 Setups Adopted to Perform Electrical Measurements
4.2 Percolation
4.3 Sensitivity Tests on Cube Samples
4.4 Compression Tests on Beam Samples
4.5 Load Tests on a Real-Scale Vault
4.6 Failure Test on a Real-Scale Vault
5 Discussion and Comments
6 Conclusion
References
Environmental Sustainability of Earth-Based Materials for the Carbon Neutrality of the Built Environment
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Life Cycle Assessment
2.2 Goal and Scope
2.3 Functional Unit, Boundaries, and System Description
3 Life Cycle Inventory
3.1 Binders
3.2 Aggregates
3.3 Liquids
4 Life Cycle Impact Assessment
5 Results
6 Discussion
7 Future Trends
References
Thermal-Acoustic and Indoor Comfort Performance of Nature-Based Materials for Green Buildings
1 Earth-Based Constructions: A General Framework of Their Properties
2 Shot-Earth and Smart-Earth: New Concrete Composites Based on Cement and Locally Excavated Earth
3 Main Performance of Earth-Based Structural Samples
3.1 Thermal Performance
3.2 Acoustic Performance
3.3 Porosity Test
4 Main Performance of Earth-Based Plasters
4.1 Thermal Analysis
4.2 Acoustic Performance
5 Discussions and Future Trends
References
Shot-Earth: A Material for Structural Engineering
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials
2.2 Specimens Design
2.3 Fabrication and Curing of Test Specimens
2.4 Four-Point Bending Test on Reinforced SE-B
2.5 Compressive Test on Reinforced SE-V
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Flexural Bending Behavior of Reinforced Shot-Earth Beam
3.2 Compressive Behavior of Reinforced Shot-Earth Vault
4 Conclusion
References
The Challenge of Designing a New Class of Earth-Based Composites Able to Increase the Circularity and Sustainability of the Construction Market
1 Introduction
2 The Customer Identification Dilemma
3 From Pain to Gain: The ``Recycling-Urb'' Method
4 Shot-Earth: A New Class of Sustainable Material
5 Conclusions
References
