Successful reproduction is not always a cooperative affair, but rather a competition between males, with females having the final "say." Throughout there is conflict regarding when, with whom and how often mating should occur. This volume provides the first comprehensive summary of the various forms of sexual communication and behavior and the consequences of the interaction between the sexes.
Author(s): Peter M. Kappeler , Carel P. van Schaik
Edition: 1
Year: 2004
Language: English
Pages: 300
Half-title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 7
Foreword......Page 10
THE SEX RATIO, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES......Page 11
A MALE DIMORPHISM, A PARALLEL UNGULATE......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
Part I Introduction......Page 16
SELECTION IN RELATION TO SEX......Page 18
COMPETITION FOR MATES......Page 19
MECHANISMS OF MATING COMPETITION......Page 20
Physical prowess and dominance......Page 21
Copulatory and post-copulatory mechanisms......Page 22
MATE CHOICE......Page 23
FEMALE CHOICE IN PRIMATES......Page 24
COMPETITIVE FEMALES......Page 25
SEXUAL CONFLICT......Page 26
CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 28
A BRIEF HISTORY OF SEXUAL SELECTION......Page 39
THERE IS ONLY ONE SELECTION......Page 41
TWENTIETH-CENTURY SEXUAL SELECTION......Page 43
A ROUGH GUIDE TO SEXUAL SELECTION......Page 44
REFERENCES......Page 48
DISCRIMINATING FEMALES AND COMPETITIVE MALES MAY RESULT IN MALE SEXUAL SELECTION......Page 52
ANISOGAMY AND PARENTAL INVESTMENT FAVOURED CHOOSY FEMALES AND INDISCRIMINATE MALES......Page 54
SEXUALLY ARDENT FEMALES CHALLENGED THE MYTH OF THE COY FEMALE......Page 55
RANDOM FORCES CREATE VARIANCE DIFFERENCES IN REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS WITHIN AND BETWEEN THE SEXES......Page 56
THE HYPOTHESIS OF FLEXIBLE MATING STRATEGIES AND SWITCHABLE SEX ROLES......Page 58
COMPETITIVE FEMALES IN CONTESTS WITH MALES OVER THE CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION......Page 60
VARIATION IN OFFSPRING VIABILITY FUELS SEXUAL SELECTION FAVOURING FEMALE CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION......Page 63
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 66
Part II Sexual signals: substrates and function......Page 70
Sexual dimorphism......Page 72
Conspecific discrimination of differences in distribution......Page 73
VOCAL SIGNALS: EVIDENCE OF INTRASEXUAL AND INTERSEXUAL SELECTION......Page 74
SEXUAL SWELLINGS IN FEMALES: A MODEL OF INTERSEXUAL SELECTION......Page 76
CHEMICAL SIGNALS: EVIDENCE FOR INTRASEXUAL AND INTERSEXUAL SELECTION......Page 78
SEXUAL SELECTION OR SEXUAL LEARNING?......Page 80
SEXUAL SELECTION AND FEMALE TRAITS......Page 81
acknowledgements......Page 82
REFERENCES......Page 83
INTRODUCTION......Page 86
BACKGROUND......Page 87
SWELLINGS AND OVULATION......Page 88
MALE ALLOCATION OF MATING EFFORT IN RELATION TO SWELLING SIZE......Page 89
EARLY HYPOTHESES FOR THE FUNCTION OF EXAGGERATED SEXUAL SWELLINGS......Page 90
BACKGROUND TO THE RELIABLE-INDICATOR HYPOTHESIS......Page 91
TESTING THE RELIABLE-INDICATOR HYPOTHESIS......Page 92
BACKGROUND: INTERSEXUAL CONFLICT......Page 94
THE GRADED-SIGNAL HYPOTHESIS......Page 95
EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS OF EXAGGERATED SEXUAL SWELLINGS: THE CHASE-AWAY MODEL......Page 96
SYNTHESIS......Page 97
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 98
REFERENCES......Page 99
INTRODUCTION......Page 105
GOOD-GENES SEXUAL SELECTION: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 107
GGSS IN HUMANS?......Page 109
GGSS AND EXTRA-PAIR MATING......Page 111
GGSS AND EXTRA-PAIR MATING IN THE COLLARED FLYCATCHER......Page 113
EVIDENCE FOR DESIGN IN WOMEN’S EPC......Page 114
SHIFTS IN WOMEN’S PREFERENCE FOR THE SCENT OF SYMMETRY......Page 115
SHIFTS IN PREFERENCES FOR MEN’S BEHAVIOURAL DISPLAYS......Page 117
SUMMARY: CYCLE EFFECTS ON WOMEN’S PREFERENCES......Page 118
DO WOMEN SEEK COMPATIBLE GENES WHEN FERTILE?......Page 119
CYCLE VARIATIONS, BY-PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVE FUNCTIONS......Page 120
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 122
REFERENCES......Page 123
Part III Sexual selection in action......Page 130
INTRODUCTION......Page 132
HOW COSTLY ARE STDS?......Page 133
SEXUAL SELECTION AND PATTERNS OF STD SPREAD......Page 135
CAN STDS BE AVOIDED THROUGH MATE CHOICE?......Page 137
BEHAVIOURAL COUNTER-STRATEGIES TO STDS......Page 138
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 141
REFERENCES......Page 142
INTRODUCTION......Page 146
THEORY......Page 147
WHEN IS INFANTICIDE FAVOURED BY NATURAL SELECTION?......Page 148
OPTIMUM MALE DECISIONS......Page 149
CONCLUSIONS FROM THE MALE-DECISION MODEL......Page 150
THEORY......Page 151
(1) Harassment by dominant males......Page 153
(2) Female polyandry in relation to the number of males......Page 154
THE DISTRIBUTION OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT......Page 155
FEMALE COUNTER-STRATEGIES TO MALE SEXUAL HARASSMENT......Page 158
LINEAGE DIFFERENCES IN SEXUALITY......Page 159
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 160
REFERENCES......Page 161
INTRODUCTION......Page 166
Mate guarding......Page 168
Frequent copulation......Page 169
ANATOMICAL ADAPTATIONS TO SPERM COMPETITION......Page 170
MECHANISMS OF SPERM COMPETITION......Page 173
CRYPTIC FEMALE CHOICE......Page 175
DISCUSSION......Page 177
REFERENCES......Page 178
Part IV Development and consequences......Page 188
INTRODUCTION......Page 190
Physical sex differences......Page 191
Sexual selection and infancy......Page 192
Sexual selection and the juvenile period......Page 193
Physical sex differences......Page 194
Sex differences in behaviour......Page 196
Sexual selection and adolescence......Page 197
Definition......Page 198
Sex differences in behaviour......Page 199
INVESTMENT IN GROWTH VERSUS INVESTMENT IN REPRODUCTION......Page 200
CONSEQUENCES OF DEVELOPMENT FOR SEXUAL SELECTION......Page 202
REFERENCES......Page 203
INTRODUCTION......Page 211
ORANGUTANS: TWO KINDS OF MALES......Page 212
DIFFERENT ULTIMATE EXPLANATIONS......Page 213
TESTING THE HYPOTHESES WITH PATERNITY DATA......Page 214
DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIPS OF FEMALES WITH FLANGED AND NON-FLANGED MALES......Page 216
‘FIXED’ OR ‘PLASTIC’ ALTERNATIVE PHENOTYPES?......Page 217
MANDRILLS AND ORANGUTANS: SPECIES WITH DIFFERENT MALE MORPHS......Page 218
REFERENCES......Page 219
INTRODUCTION......Page 223
PATERNITY CONCENTRATION......Page 224
ACQUISITION OF TOP-DOMINANCE RANK......Page 225
TRANSFER......Page 226
PROCEDURES AND DEFINITIONS......Page 227
ACQUISITION OF TOP RANK......Page 231
SECONDARY TRANSFER......Page 234
DISCUSSION......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 238
INTRODUCTION......Page 245
ESTIMATES OF MALE–MALE COMPETITION......Page 246
FEMALE CHOICE......Page 249
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 250
RE-ANALYSES OF DIMORPHISM......Page 255
FEMALE CHOICE......Page 256
Males......Page 258
DISCUSSION......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 263
OPERATIONAL SEX RATIOS AND SELECTION IN RELATION TO SEX......Page 268
THE EVOLUTION OF BIRTH SEX RATIOS......Page 269
Local mate competition......Page 270
BIRTH SEX RATIOS WITHIN POPULATIONS......Page 271
Testing for maternal-condition effects......Page 272
Meta-analysis of maternal condition effects on birth sex ratios......Page 273
Interaction between local resource competition and maternal rank......Page 274
MATERNAL INVESTMENT IN SONS AND DAUGHTERS......Page 275
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 276
REFERENCES......Page 277
EQUID MATING SYSTEMS......Page 281
ZEBRA HERD DYNAMICS......Page 282
SOCIOECOLOGICAL PATTERNS IN LAIKIPIA......Page 284
HERD CHARACTERISTICS AND DECISION-MAKING......Page 285
ONTOGENETIC TRAJECTORIES......Page 286
MODELLING BACHELOR-MALE DECISION-MAKING......Page 287
PRIMATE COMPARISONS......Page 290
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 292
REFERENCES......Page 293
Index......Page 295
