Since the publication of the second edition in 2010, the field of sex work studies has expanded. This fully updated edition of Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and Erotic Dancing presents an innovative, in-depth, and nuanced analysis of sex work, its risks, and benefits, and pays attention to newer and everchanging types of sex work and its actors, as well as public policies and laws that govern its trade.
Now in its third edition, this volume includes updated research on traditional forms of sexual labor and incorporates original, empirically grounded research on newer or less researched phenomena. New chapters explore the use of technology among street sellers, blurring the line between street and online solicitation, in addition to chapters on historical prostitution, transgender workers, illicit massage parlors, male strippers, commercial webcamming, alternative policies and legal systems, and the sex workers' rights movement.
The combination of cutting-edge and comprehensive analyses and carefully constructed methodologies in Sex for Sale makes it an excellent source of information for scholars and university students in gender studies, sociology, and criminology.
Author(s): Ronald Weitzer
Edition: 3
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 434
City: New York
Cover
Endorsements
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Tables and Figures
Preface
Part I: Historical and Theoretical Foundations
1. Sex Work: Types and Paradigms
Pornography
Research on Pornography
Strip Clubs and Commercial Webcamming
Prostitution
Street and Indoor Prostitution
Well-being
Community impact
Experiences and meanings
Competing Paradigms
The Immorality Paradigm
The Oppression Paradigm
The Empowerment Paradigm
The Polymorphous Paradigm
Notes
2. Sex Work Around the World: A Historical Overview
Prostitution in the Gendered Labor Market
Sex Work as Work?
Alternatives in the Labor Market
A New Division of Labor?
Mediation and Gender Relations
Procuring and Pimping
Brothel Owners
The Role of the State
Relationships Between Workers and Clients
The Demand for Sexual Services
Worker-Client Encounters
Male Prostitution
Family Members
Shame and Expelling
Family Members as Intermediaries
Conclusion
Note
Notes
Part II: Pornography
3. Key Trends in Pornography
Developments Over the Last 50 Years
Mainstreaming
Pornography Use and Content
Women's Viewership
Amateur Pornography
Younger Performers and Consumers
The Mainstreaming of BDSM
Conclusion
Note
Notes
4. Professional Female Pornography Performers
Research Methods
Participants
Measures
Procedure
Motivations, Likes, and Dislikes
What Performers Like About the Industry
What Performers Dislike About the Industry
Popular Perceptions of Actresses
Actresses Compared to a Matched Sample of Women
Sexual Behaviors and Attitudes, Performers and Matched Sample
Quality Of Life, Performers and Matched Sample
Future Research
Notes
5. Transgender Women in the Adult Film Industry
Literature Review
Motivations and Experiences of Cisgender Performers
Motivations and Experiences of Transgender Performers
Research Questions and Methods
Participants
Findings
Financial Gain and Entrepreneurship
Empowerment, Pleasure, Autonomy, and Freedom
Stigma and Social Relations
Work Dynamics
Body Image and Presentation
Hopes and Goals for the Future
Strengths and Limitations of the Study
Future Research
Note
Notes
6. Porn By and For Women
Research Methods
Entry into Porn
Background in Sex Education
Activism
Feminism
Sex-positivity
Identity politics
Art and Sex Work Backgrounds
Network Influences
Motivations
Alternatives to Mainstream Porn
Making "better" porn
Women-made porn
Making porn for women
Changing the mainstream industry
Sex Education
Conclusion
Notes
Part III: Erotic Performance
7. Gender Roles at the Male Strip Show
Gender Roles: Reversed or Reinforced?
The Study
The Setting
Interactions with Customers
Hypermasculine Presentations of Self
Aggressive Women
Conclusion
Note
Notes
8. Gay Strip Clubs
Research Methods
The Importance of Power
Power and Scarce Resources
Who has the Power?
Competition Among Dancers
Conclusion
Note
Notes
9. Webcamming: The Expansion of Sex Work Online
Research Methods
Contours of the Camming Industry
Cam Models' Backgrounds
Nationality and Race
Socioeconomic Status, Education, and Age
Gender
Sexuality
Earnings
Benefits of Camming
Autonomy
Fun at Work
Making Human Connections
Affirmation
Sexual Pleasure
Drawbacks of Camming
Stigma
Capping
Doxing
Harassment
The Future of Camming
Note
Notes
Part IV: Prostitution
10. Selling Sex on the Streets
Street Prostitution
Pathways into Street Prostitution
Health Issues
Violent Victimization
Policing and Criminal Justice
Research Methods
Demographic Characteristics and Working Styles
Neighborhood Relationships
Neighbors
Clients
Drug Dealers
Criminal Justice and Social Services
Criminal Justice Officials
Social Services Professionals
Conclusion
Notes
11. Street-Based Sex Work in the Digital Age
Research Methods
Recruitment Strategies and Locations
Data Analysis
Findings
Respondents' Profiles
Street Workers and Digital Platforms
Expanding Market Share
Money
Comfort
Safety
Declining to Work Online
Violence
Fear of Arrest
Costs and Competition
Lack of Privacy
Poverty
Conclusion
Notes
12. Illicit Massage Parlors
Research Questions
Data Collection Procedures
Findings
Participant Demographics
Geographic Clustering of Illicit Massage Parlors
Illicit Massage Parlor Operations
Pathways into the Parlors
Coercion vs. Free Agency
Relations Between Owners/Managers and Workers
Risks and Costs
Victimization
Reluctance to seek police protection
Stigma and shame
Conclusion
Note
Notes
13. Comparing Male and Female Escorts
Research Methods
Participant Characteristics
The classified project
The lady classified project
Escort Agencies
Advertising
U.S. Government Crackdown on Advertising
Niche Markets
Bondage, Domination, Sadism, and Masochism
Big Beautiful Women
Race and Racism
Stigma
Conclusion
Notes
14. Clients: The Rhetoric and Realities of Sex Buying
How Clients Became Part of a "Trafficking" Problem
Who are the Men Who Pay for Sex?
Women Who Buy Sex
A Diversity of Motives
Sugar Dating
Conclusion
Notes
Part V: State Policies and Political Struggles
15. The U.S. Sex Workers' Rights Movement
"The World's Oldest Profession"
The Modern Movement: 1950-2000
Backlash - Abolitionism, Trafficking, and "End Demand"
Activism in the Twenty-First Century
Sex Worker Art and Activism
Coordinating Advocacy Networks
The Fight for Decriminalization and Carceral Reform
Battles Over the Internet
Conclusion
Notes
16. Criminalization, Decriminalization, and Legalization
Criminalization
Decriminalization
Legalization
The Different Models in Practice
Comparing Different Systems
Toward Best Practices
Eligibility
Visibility
Health
Rights
Safety and Oversight
Notes
List of Contributors
Index
