How ought the law to deal with novel challenges regarding the use and control of human biomaterials? As it stands the law is ill-equipped to deal with these. Quigley argues that advancing biotechnology means that the law must confront and move boundaries which it has constructed; in particular, those which delineate property from non-property in relation to biomaterials. Drawing together often disparate strands of property discourse, she offers a philosophical and legal re-analysis of the law in relation to property in the body and biomaterials. She advances a new defence, underpinned by self-ownership, of the position that persons ought to be seen as the prima facie holders of property rights in their separated biomaterials. This book will appeal to those interested in medical and property law, philosophy, bioethics, and health policy amongst others.
Author(s): Muireann Quigley
Series: Cambridge Bioethics And Law
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2018
Language: English
Pages: 364
Tags: Self-Ownership, Property Rights, Human Body
Cover
......Page 1
Half-title page
......Page 3
Series page
......Page 4
Title page
......Page 5
Copyright page
......Page 6
Dedication
......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 14
Table of Cases
......Page 16
Table of Legislation
......Page 19
1
Introduction......Page 23
2.1
Immortal Cell Lines and Antibodies......Page 24
2.2
Spleens, Genes, and Prostates......Page 26
2.3
Sperm as Property......Page 30
3
Uses and Values of Biomaterials......Page 31
4
Structure of the Book......Page 39
Part I
Human Tissues and the Law......Page 43
2
Human Tissue Regulation: Historical Failures......Page 45
3.1
The English Act: Consent......Page 50
3.2
The Scottish Act: Authorisation......Page 62
3.3
Is There a Relevant Difference?......Page 64
4
Consent: Problems of Principle......Page 67
4.1
The Basis of Consent?......Page 68
4.2
Against Free-standing Consent......Page 72
5
Concluding Remarks: Biomaterials and Consent......Page 75
1
Introduction......Page 77
2.1 Origins and Early Difficulties......Page 78
2.2
Exceptions and the Application of Skill......Page 82
3
Materials of Uncertain Significance......Page 87
4.1
Control and Conflict Revisited......Page 91
4.2
Other Dilemmas......Page 94
5
Transforming Tissues I: Work, Skill, and Labour......Page 97
5.1
Locke's Labour Lost......Page 98
5.2
Labouring and Provisos......Page 102
Transforming Tissues II: Accession and Specification......Page 105
6.1
Potential Applications......Page 108
6.2
Some Stumbling Blocks......Page 112
7
Concluding Remarks: Problematic Property Principles......Page 116
2
Yearworth and Ownership of Sperm Samples......Page 118
2.1
Property Not Personal Injury......Page 119
2.2
Narrow Scope and Shaky Foundations?......Page 125
3.1
Acting as Agents......Page 127
3.2
Further Disputes over Sperm......Page 131
4
Putting a Kilt on Yearworth?......Page 134
4.1
Circumscribing Ownership?......Page 135
4.2
Possession and Ownership......Page 137
5.1
Use Beyond Mere Existence......Page 139
5.2
Intention and Future Use......Page 141
6
Concluding Thoughts: Towards Separation?......Page 144
Part II
Property and Persons......Page 147
1
Introduction......Page 149
2.1
Things, Objects, and Biomaterials......Page 151
2.2
Rights, Relations, and Metaphors......Page 156
2.3
Constructing Useful Bundles......Page 160
2.4
A Bundle of Problems: Theoretical and Practical Issues......Page 164
3
Exclusion, Non-interference, and Property Forms......Page 167
3.1
Protecting Property......Page 168
3.2
Restricting Property Forms......Page 173
4
Beyond Exclusion: Controlling the Uses of Things......Page 175
5
Conclusion......Page 180
1
Introduction......Page 182
2
Property Interests......Page 183
3
What Does It Mean to Have a Property Right?......Page 188
3.1
Rights as Structurally Complex......Page 189
3.2
From Property Interests to Property Rights......Page 194
4
Property and Sperm Revisited......Page 198
5
Property, Possession, and Ownership......Page 202
5.1
Better Rights of Possession......Page 203
5.2
Being 'the Owner'......Page 206
5.3
Ownership as Normative Authority......Page 210
6
Concluding Remarks......Page 213
1
Introduction......Page 216
2
Embodied Persons as Self-owners......Page 217
3.1
Liberty and Non-Interference......Page 223
3.2
Beyond Non-interference: Being the Source of Normative Authority......Page 226
3.3
Liberty, Moral Autonomy, and Public Reason......Page 229
4
Self-ownership, Autonomy, and Equality......Page 232
4.1
Rights Restrictions and Autonomy Maximisation......Page 233
4.2
Self-owners as Moral Equals......Page 236
5
Conceptual and Normative Issues......Page 240
5.1
The Indeterminacy of Self-ownership Rights?......Page 241
5.2
Neither Necessary nor Desirable?......Page 242
5.3
Persons as Property?......Page 247
6
Concluding Thoughts......Page 251
Part III
Beyond Self-ownership......Page 253
1
Introduction......Page 255
2.1 The 'No Moral Magic'
Principle......Page 256
2.2 Normative Continuity: Some Possible Objections......Page 258
3 Bodies, Biomaterials, and Law's
Boundary-Work......Page 264
3.1 Probing Property's
Boundaries I: Organs and Other Biomaterials......Page 267
3.2 Probing Property's
Boundaries II: Everyday Cyborgs......Page 273
4
Biomaterials as the Fruits of Our Labour?......Page 277
5
Concluding Remarks......Page 284
1
Introduction......Page 286
2
Consent and Property: Re-orienting the Normative Touchstone......Page 287
2.1
Legitimating the Use and Transfer of Biomaterials......Page 289
2.2
Some Observations and Implications......Page 293
3.1
Abandoning Our Biomaterials?......Page 296
3.2
Donations and Bailments......Page 300
3.3
Trusts and Biorepositories......Page 305
4
Transfers for Value: On Property Rights and Income Rights......Page 309
4.1
Property, Persons, and Commercialisation......Page 310
4.2
Wrongful Commercialisation and Commodification?......Page 316
5
Conclusion: Legitimating the Use of Biomaterials......Page 320
1
Introduction......Page 322
2
Human Biomaterials and the Property (r)Evolution......Page 323
3
Questioning Boundaries and Philosophical Foundations......Page 326
4
A Final Word: Philosophic Deadwood?......Page 330
Bibliography......Page 331
Index......Page 351
