Selected Topics in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

CONTENTS......Page 8
Preface......Page 6
Scanning Probe Techniques......Page 10
1. Introduction......Page 12
2. STM Nanolithographic Techniques......Page 13
2.1. Pattern formation by direct tip–surface interactions......Page 15
2.2. Pattern formation by field effect......Page 18
2.3. Pattern formation by electron effect......Page 19
3. AFM Nanolithographic Techniques......Page 20
3.1. Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN)......Page 22
3.3. AFM nanooxidation......Page 23
3.4. Electrostatic deformation and electrohydrodynamic nanofluidic motion......Page 26
3.5. Polymer patterning by nanoexplosion......Page 27
3.6. Charge deposition and manipulation......Page 28
References......Page 29
1. Introduction......Page 34
2.1. STM and scanning tunneling spectroscopy......Page 35
2.2.1. Conventional STM tip......Page 38
2.3.1. Silicon (Si)......Page 40
2.3.2. Gallium arsenide (GaAs)......Page 43
2.3.3. Silicon carbide (SiC)......Page 45
3. Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (SP-STM)......Page 50
3.1. Basics of SP-STM......Page 51
3.2. Surface topography and local magnetism......Page 52
3.3.1. Four probe STM......Page 55
3.3.2. Electrical transport measurement......Page 56
4. Concluding Remarks......Page 57
References......Page 58
Nanofabrication......Page 62
1. Introduction......Page 64
2. Principle of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography......Page 65
3.1. Optics design and fabrication......Page 68
3.2. Source......Page 74
3.3. Reflection mask......Page 77
4. Exposure Tools and Experiments......Page 79
5. Conclusions......Page 86
References......Page 87
1. Introduction......Page 92
2. Method......Page 94
3. Existing Facilities and Development Program......Page 96
4. Results and Forthcoming Work......Page 98
References......Page 100
Functional Nanomaterials......Page 102
1. Introduction......Page 104
2. Experimental......Page 105
3.1. Interaction of halocarbons with metal nanoparticle surfaces — a novel chemistry for environmental remediation......Page 107
3.2. Interaction of biomolecules with nanoparticles-formation of nano–bio conjugates......Page 111
3.3. Formation of nanomaterials-polymer composites......Page 114
3.4. Nanoparticle-based .ow sensors-transverse electrokinetic effect......Page 119
3.5. Visible fluorescence from metal nanoparticle–single walled carbon nanotube composites......Page 121
References......Page 123
1. Introduction......Page 126
2.1. Diamond-like carbon films by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique......Page 127
2.2. Material properties of diamond-like carbon films......Page 128
2.2.2. Intrinsic stress of diamond-like carbon films......Page 131
2.2.3. Surface morphology and surface energy......Page 132
2.2.4. Mechanical property measurement......Page 134
3.1. Diamond-like carbon nano-architectures containing 0D objects......Page 136
3.2. Diamond-like carbon nano-architectures containing 1D nano-objects......Page 139
3.3. Diamond-like carbon nano-architecture grown with focused ion beam......Page 141
3.4. Diamond-like carbon nano-architecture grown from patterned substrate......Page 144
4.1. Fabrication method......Page 147
4.2. Diamond-like carbon micro-architectures......Page 148
4.3. Diamond-like carbon nano-architectures......Page 150
5. Future for Diamond-Like Carbon Nano-Architectures......Page 153
References......Page 154
1. Introduction......Page 158
2.1. Direct synthesis on metals......Page 160
2.2. Substrate friendly synthesis......Page 163
2.3. Effects of plasma......Page 165
2.4. Nanohybrids......Page 166
3.1. Field emission......Page 168
3.2. Field emission enhancement......Page 171
3.4. Gas sensing......Page 172
3.5. Ultrafast optical device......Page 173
4. Concluding Remarks......Page 174
References......Page 175
Molecular Engineering......Page 180
1. Introduction......Page 182
2. Pressure-Induced Negative Magnetoresistance in (EDTDM)2FeBr4......Page 184
3. Effect of Halogen–Halogen Interactions in (EDO-TTFBr2)2FeX4 (X = Cl, Br)......Page 186
References......Page 189
1. Introduction......Page 192
2. Porphyrin Assemblies by Non-Specific Interactions......Page 194
3. Porphyrin Assemblies through Specific Interactions......Page 199
4. Porphyrin Assemblies in Organized Films......Page 206
5. Porphyrin Assemblies with Precise Molecular Arrangement......Page 210
6. Future Perspectives......Page 214
References......Page 216
Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine......Page 224
1. Introduction......Page 226
2.1. Peptide synthesis......Page 227
3. Characterization of Self-Assembly using Circular Dichroism......Page 228
4. Discussions......Page 234
References......Page 235
1. Introduction......Page 238
2. Nanotechnology and the Study of Malaria......Page 239
2.1. Optical tweezers......Page 240
2.2. Atomic force microscope......Page 242
3.1. Optical stretcher......Page 245
4. Future Perspectives and Conclusions......Page 247
References......Page 248
1. Introduction......Page 252
2.1. Nanoparticle preparation......Page 254
2.2.2. Surface morphology......Page 255
2.2.5. Physical status of drug in nanoparticles......Page 256
2.2.6. Drug encapsulation efficiency......Page 258
2.2.7. In vitro drug release......Page 259
3. In vitro Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles......Page 260
4. In vitro Cytotoxicity......Page 261
5. In Vivo Pharmacokinetics......Page 263
6. Xenograft Model......Page 265
7. Conclusions......Page 266
References......Page 267